Anatomicohistological Characteristics of the Female Genital Organs of the White‐lipped Peccary (Tayassu pecari) in the Peruvian Amazon

This study examined the anatomical and histological characteristics of the genital organs of the female white‐lipped peccary in the wild in different reproductive stages, collected by rural hunters in the North‐eastern Peruvian Amazon. Mean ovulation rate was 2.12 ± 0.83 follicles and litter size was 1.78 ± 0.41 embryos or fetuses per pregnant female, resulting in a low rate of reproductive wastage, averaging 0.33 ± 0.66 (16.04%) oocytes or embryos per pregnancy. The ovulation rate and the anatomical performance of the uterus could limit the prolificacy of this species. Females in follicular phase showed follicular waves suggesting the synchronous growth of a cohort of follicles. Different uterine and vaginal epithelium features changed in accordance with the reproductive state of the female. Pregnant females and females in the luteal phase presented a significant proliferation of endometrial uterine glands, characterized by hyperplasia and branching of endometrial glands, and increase in the proportion of cervical epithelial cells with periodic acid‐schiff (PAS)‐positive granules compared with that in females in the follicular phase. Females in the follicular phase showed a more developed vaginal epithelium (in thickness and in layer composition) than females in the luteal phase and pregnant females.     

Anatomicohistological Characteristics of Female Genital Tubular Organs of the South American Nutria (Myocastor coypus)

Morphohistological features of the tubular organs of the Myocastor coypus (coypu) female reproductive tract were studied. Specimens came from breeding farms with yard breeding systems. The analysis of the organs was made by histological methods and by macro and microscopic measurement techniques. The animals showed oviducts with macro and microscopically differentiable regions. Their mucosa showed primary branched folds in the ampullar sector. In the rest of the oviduct tract these folds were only of the primary type. The double uterus showed regional variations in the lumen, endometrial glands along the whole surface and a wide fibromuscular cervix with pseudoglands. The endocervical mucosa made clear a complex system of folds covered by a mucus-secreting epithelium. In the long vagina of the coypu a folded, rugose and irregular mucosa was observed.     

Arterial Thoracic Vascularization in Some Deer Species: Pampas Deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus), Brown Brocket Deer (Mazama gouazoubira) and Axis Deer (Axis axis)

In this study, the arterial distributions of the aortic arches of three deer species (Axis axis, Ozotoceros bezoarticus and Mazama gouazoubira) were described. The animals were dissected immediately after being found dead. Latex injection method was used to observe the vascularization of the thorax. The branching pattern of the arteries of the thoracic aorta in O. bezoarticus was similar to domestic ruminants. In the M. gouazoubira and A. axis, there were no bicarotid trunk. Interestingly, the first branch of the brachiocephalic trunk was the left costocervical trunk in A. axis. Then, brachiocephalic trunk was divided into right and left subclavian arteries. M. gouazoubira and A. axis in contrast to O. bezoarticus were different when compared with other ruminants, and the absence of bicarotid trunk was more striking than previous reports.     

豪猪雌性生殖器官的解剖研究

为了解雌性豪猪的生殖生理,为其发情鉴定、催情技术、人工授精、胚胎移植、体外受精等人工繁殖技术方面的研究提供基础依据,对成年雌性豪猪的生殖器官进行了系统解剖研究。结果表明,雌性豪猪的性腺没有明显的季节性变化,但是在发情周期的不同时期卵巢有不同的变化,当母豪猪发情后,卵巢表面有成熟的卵泡,使整个卵巢体积增大,发情期过后,则卵巢相对缩小。其它生殖器官也都具有各自的解剖特征。     

Anatomicohistological Characteristics of the Ovary of the Coypu (Myocastor coypus)

Using histological, histochemical and macroscopic and microscopic measurement techniques, the macroscopic and microscopic structures of coypu ovaries were studied in sexually mature virgin females. The mature ovaries of the coypu were ovoid or elongated bodies, not encapsulated, covered by a single layer of epithelium. They had a parenchyma formed by follicles at different stages of evolution and true and accessory corpora lutea. The interstitial tissue was a prominent and permanent structure in the ovaries. Some ovaries contained a few rete ovarii in the hilus.     

Anatomicohistological characteristics of the tubular genital organs of the female collared peccary (Tayassu tajacu) from North-eastern Amazon

The present study examines anatomical and histological characteristics of tubular genital organs and its relationships with the reproductive state of 24 wild adult collared peccary (Tayassu tajacu) females. The tunica mucosa of the uterine tube presents a pseudostratified, intermittently ciliated columnar epithelium. The epithelial secretory cells of pregnant females and females in the luteal phase of the oestrous cycle became taller than the ciliated cells and showed abundant apical secretory blebs, whereas secretory cells of females in the follicular phase showed abundant mucous secretory activity (periodic acid-Schiff positive cells). The uterus is composed of two narrow and convoluted uterine horns, separated by the velum uteri, a small uterine body and a long and muscular cervix. The endometrial lining of both uterine horns and body is a monostratified, columnar ciliated epithelium. Pregnant females and females in luteal phase showed a more developed hyperplasia of the endometrial simple tubular glands than females in the follicular phase. The cervix presents interdigitated rows of mucosal prominences that project into the lumen, structures similar to pulvini cervicali, occluding the cervical canal. In pregnant females, the endocervical canal was filled by a viscous cervical secretion. Females in follicular phase presented a thicker vaginal epithelium than pregnant females and females in luteal phase. The present study suggests that the collared peccary female showed different histological features of the uterine tubes, uterus and vagina in accordance with the reproductive state of the females.     

Abnormalities of the Female Genital Organs in Mink Heterozygous for the Heggedal Factor Shadow Factor

In Sapphire Shadow (aa pp S^Hs), Blue Shadow (AA pp S^Hs) and Blue Shadow Carrier for Aleutian (Aa pp S^Hs) a malformation of the female genital organs has been demonstrated and described. The malformations seem to be restricted to the areas which are formed by the Müllerian ducts and chiefly affect the vagina and cervix, corpus and cornua uteri, whilst the uterine tubes are as a rule normal.Among females which are empty after their first breeding season the frequency of these malformations was almost 42 % and among virginal young females 18.5 %.The abnormalities seem to be due to a pleiotropic, possibly sexlimited effect of the Heggedal factor (Shadow factor S^H). With respect to these malformations, the Heggedal factor acts as a dominant hereditary factor with incomplete penetrance and varying expressivity. The penetrance in the females was approximately 18.5 % (18.54 ±2.71).A method for demonstrating the malformations in live mink is described.     

Haemorrhagic Enteropathies in Red Deer (Cervus Elaphus)

Sir, — I would like to draw your readers’ attention to the occurrence of post-stress haemorrhagic enteropathies in red deer (Cervus elaphus). Haemorrhagic enteropathy has been observed in approximately 75 percent of red deer necropsied at the Invermay Animal Health Laboratory and has also been seen in wapiti (Cervus canadensis). Deer dying with post-stress haemorrhagic enteropathy commonly have splash haemorrhages on the serosal surfaces of the abomasum and intestine and to a lesser extent on the rumen and omasum. The intestinal mucosa is heavily congested and haemorrhagic with blood present in the lumen. In many cases mucosal haemorrhage may be so severe the intestinal contents appear similar to blood. The degree of severity of the condition varies from slight to very severe and the length of intestine involved also varies from a few centimetres to the entire gastro-intestinal tract from the rumen to the rectum.     

Paratuberculosis in Red Deer (Cervus elaphus hippelaphus) in the Western Alps

During the hunting seasons 1995–96 to 1997–98, 19 red deer from the Upper Susa Valley (Cottian Alps) were examined for paratuberculosis (Johne's disease). Specific DNA amplification on mesenteric lymph nodes detected Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis in 17 animals. Ten of these red deer were tested for serum antibodies by the AGID and ELISA tests, nine being negative. Three isolates from infected deer were genetically characterized by an arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction, and showed similar genetic polymorphism to that of bovine strains isolated in different Italian areas. The study showed that paratuberculosis is present in red deer of the Upper Susa Valley and that serological tests are not an efficient means for monitoring this infection.     

Quantitative Evaluations of the Tubular Epithelium in the Testis of the Fallow Deer (Dama dama)

Contents: The quantitative morphology of the seminiferous epithelium was studied in 10 testes of 16- to 17-monthsold fallow bucks (Dama dama). Seminiferous tubules constitute 77.2% of the testicular parenchyma and amount to a total length of 400–750 m per testis. According to varying cell associations 6 different stages can be observed during the spermatogenic cycle. The average tubular diameter varies between 215 μm (stage 1) and 230 μm (stage 8), the epithelial height between 67.6 μm in stage 3 and 71.9 μm in stage 8 when spermiation occurs. From primary spermatocytes during the prophase of the first meiotic division preleptotenes have smallest nuclear (203.7 μm³) and cellular (469.1 μm³) volumes, whereas late diplotenes show a nuclear volume of 846.7μm³ and a cellular volume of 3440.5 μm³, that is an increase of more than 4 times for the nucleus and more than 7 times for the cell body. Numerical analysis reveals 4 spermatogonial divisions and a considerable loss of spermatogenic cells during the second meiotic division and subsequent spermiogenesis. Sertoli cells constitute between 31.4% (stage 4) and 38.3% (stage 1) of the tubular epithelium. The calculated cell volume of an individual Sertoli cell increases during every cycle from 6515.3 μm³ instage 3 to 8350.0 μm³ in stage 8; that is a volume change of 22%. The Sertoli cell organelle with most prominent cyclical variations is the endoplasmic reticulum. A lipid cycle is absent in the seminiferous epithelium of the fallow deer. Inhalt: Quantitative Studien am Keimepithel des männlichen Damwilds (Dama dama). Das Keimepithel im Hoden von fünf 16 bis 17 Monate alten Damwildjährlingen (Dama dama) wurde mit morphometrischen Methoden untersucht. Tubuli seminiferi machen 77,2% des Hodenparenchyms aus; die Gesamttubuluslange pro Hoden betragt zwischen 400 und 750 m. Sechs Spermatogenesestadien können beim Damhirsch identifiziert werden, wobei für diese Einteilung wechselnde Zellassoziationen im Keimepithel zugrunde gelegt wurden. Der Durchmesser der Tubuli seminiferi wechselt zwischen 215 μm (Phase 1)und 230 μm (Phase 8). Die Tubulusepithelhöhe schwankt ebergfalls zwischen 67,6 μm in Phase 3 und 71,9 μm in Phase 8 (Spermiation). Präleptotäne habendie kleinsten Kern- und Zellvolumina (203,7 μm³ bzw. 469,1 μm³) von allen Spermatozyten I. Ordnung, Diplotäne aus Phase 4 die größten Werte (846,7 μm³ bzw. 3440,5 μm³), das ist ein Zuwachs um das Vierfache bei mKern und um das Siebenfache beim Zeilleib. Eine numerische Anaiyse derZellzahlen in Tubulusquerschnitten aus den verschiedenen Phasen der Spermatogenese erlaubt die Schlußfolgerung, daß es 4 Spermatogonienteilungen bei dieser Spezies gibt, und daß eine beträchtliche Anzahl aller rechnerisch möglichen Keimzellen während der Spermatokenese verloren geht, vor allem während der zweiten Reifeteilung und der Spermiogenese. Sertolizellen machen zwischen 31,4 (Phase 4) und 38,3% (Phase 1) des Keimepithels aus. Eine Sertolizelle aus Phase 3 besitzt ein rechnerisches Zellvolumen von 6515,3 μm³, eine Zelle aus Phase 8 ein Zellvolumen von 8350,0 μm³. Somit verringert und vergrößert sich das Volumen der einzelnen Sertolizelle um ca. 22% in jedem Keimepithelzyklus. Das endoplasmatische Retikulum der Sertolizelle ist das Organell mit den auffälligsten zyklischen Veränderungen. Der Lipidgehalt des Keimepithels ist minimal; ein Lipidzyklus im Keimepithel, wie für andere Spezies beschrieben, existiert beim Damwild nicht.     

规模化鹿场马鹿布病防治技术研究

新疆塔里木河流域是我国马鹿的主要饲养地，资源非常丰富，马鹿在该地所属国营农牧场及职工中都有饲养，饲养总数占全国马鹿总饲养量的80％以上。其中八个国营农牧场中的饲养规模大，效益好。据统计，现有马鹿存栏30000头，年产干茸近3万公斤，已成为本地区的重要经济支柱之一。但据2001年在十个农牧场的鹿群中调查，“畜有流     

中国马鹿的研究现状及展望

马鹿在世界上主要分布于欧洲南部和中部、北美洲、非洲北部、亚洲的俄罗斯东部、蒙古、朝鲜和喜马拉雅山地区,在中国马鹿有8个亚种,主要分布在东北、华北、西北及西南等地。本文根据文献资料系统地总结了中国马鹿的研究现状,展望了马鹿需要研究的问题,为中国马鹿的保护及科研活动开展提供依据。     

STR在野生东北马鹿个体识别中的应用

为了建立有效的东北马鹿个体识别体系,从12对加拿大马鹿的微卫星引物和6对黑尾鹿的微卫星引物中,筛选出8个具有多态性的微卫星位点。各位点的观察杂合度为0．3314～0．8174,平均杂合度为0．6243;各位点的匹配率为0．0656～0．5130,累计匹配率为1．446×10^-6;各位点的识别率为0．4870～0．9344,累计个体识别能力为0．9999。这8个微卫星位点可以准确地进行东北马鹿的个体识别分析。     

Milk carbon footprint of silvopastoral dairy systems in the Northern Peruvian Amazon

Tropical Animal Health and Production - The objective of the study was to assess the effects of water deprivation on the burden of gastrointestinal nematodes in Nguni does. A survey was piloted on...     

Monitoring of leptospirosis seroprevalence in a colony of captive collared peccaries (Tayassu tajacu) from the Peruvian Amazon

Leptospirosis, an endemic zoonoses, is maintained in the environment by several wildlife species in the Peruvian Amazon. In order to evaluate the possible role of collared peccaries (CP) in the maintenance this disease, two serological surveys of leptospirosis were performed and zootechnical parameters were monitored in a captive CP colony in an interval of 27 months. Total seroprevalence changed from 100% (n = 27) to 86.4% (n = 22), with reactions to a diversity of serogroups of zoonotic importance. Serological reactions to Leptospira licerasiae serogroup Iquitos, a new species recently identified locally and Leptospira interrogans serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae were highly prevalent. The observation of leptospiral antibodies in both surveys, changes on serological reactions to different serogroups in large part of the herd and poor reproductive performances, provided an indication of the role of CP farms as a favourable environment for maintaining leptospirosis. Further research regarding the role of CP in the epidemiology of leptospirosis in the Peruvian Amazon is encouraged.     

塔里木马鹿茸间充质干细胞体外培养及细胞特性的研究

鹿茸间充质干细胞是一类新发现的干细胞。为获得鹿茸间充质干细胞的生物学特征,建立鹿茸间充质干细胞体外培养模式,通过采用改良组织块细胞培养法对生长30 d的塔里木马鹿茸间充质层细胞体外分离培养,观察细胞形态特征,MTT比色法检测细胞生长特点。结果表明:间充质层样品组织块于1 d完全贴壁,贴壁后培养2 d即可观察到组织块边缘迁出少量细胞,贴壁后培养3 d,大量的间充质干细胞从组织块中迁出,并不断增殖,在组织块贴壁后5 d细胞生长融合。传代培养的2~6代细胞在培养到96 h细胞增殖达到高峰。原代培养细胞呈梭形,细胞核呈椭圆形,细胞呈菊花状排列生长;传代细胞形态呈梭形、不规则形,且排列无规则。本研究结果将为鹿茸间充质干细胞的后续研究奠定基础。     

Histological Studies of Growing and Mature Antlers of Red Deer Stags (Cervus elaphus)

This study aims at presenting histology of growing and mature antlers in red deer stag ( Cervus elaphus ). Growing antlers constitute a model organ for examining regeneration processes of tissues because they are the only mammalian appendages capable of regeneration. Histological study revealed that the tip of a growing antler consists of hairy skin, perichondrium, mesenchyme and chondroprogenitors area. By performing immunochistochemistry, we found that cell expressing Ki-67 and PCNA antigens were localized in basal layer of epidermis, skin glands and beneath their secretory sections, mesenchyme as well as within and in the vicinity of central blood vessels. Ultrastructurally, cells from chondroprogenitors zone have chondroblast-like morphology and take part in producing of collagen fibres followed by the process of cartilage mineralization. However, mature antlers also consist of lamellar osseous tissue.