Problems of Shoal Wetland and Riverfront Greening in China and Solutions:A Case Study of Zhejiang Province

Shoal wetland and riverfront greening are important contents of "afforestation for flood control",in addition to increasing shoal wetland biodiversity and waterscapes,they can also restore and improve coastal ecological environment,and broaden the green area on the plain effectively. Through analyzing problems of shoal wetland and riverfront greening in Zhejiang Province,this paper took successful cases for example to propose the ideas for implementing plain greening effectively,such as "afforestation for flood control","landscaping construction is an ecological infrastructure project","plan wetland greening according to actual conditions","promote wetland greening by enhancing the cooperation among relevant departments","adopt multiple measures to enhance riverfront greening".     

Architectural Design Concept of Dongting Lake Museum

Architectural design of Dongting Lake Museum takes "River dolphin ripples in the Dongting Lake" as the theme, tries to integrate into the local wetland environment and ecological resources of the Dongting Lake, in order to realize the dream of "making a great museum for the most gorgeous lake". The overall layout follows the concept of "coexistence of real and virtual, integration of exterior and interior", and the architectural image symbolizes "the river dolphin ripples", which is extremely harmonious in the whole natural environment. The design integrates planning, building, landscape and interior spaces, adopts technical means and ecological green to integrate the building into the environment, and presents us a tremendous ecological wetland museum that floats on the lake like a fish, an islet, a sail or a hill.     

Status Quo of Wetland Resources in Lincang City and Protection Countermeasures

Remote sense image interpretation and on-the-spot verifi cation were applied to investigate wetland resources in Lincang City. The investigation shows that wetland area in the city totals 29,102.61 hm~2, including natural wetland 12,949.86 hm~2, artifi cial wetland 16,152.75 hm~2. Characteristics of the wetland resources in the city are concluded as "diversifi ed wetland types, small wetland area, high proportion of artifi cial wetland, and significant ecological niche. This paper pointed out problems in the wetland protection, such as aggravated pollution of wetland environment, invasion of alien species, and biocenosis changed by hydropower engineering, then gave corresponding protection countermeasures.     

Ecological Landscape Design of Urban Wetland Park: A Case Study of the Aixi Lake Wetland Park in Nanchang City

Wetland as one of the natural landscapes with the richest biodiversity and most closely related to our life is widely distributed all around the world, and capable of storing fl ood, preventing drought, purifying environment, adjusting climate, controlling pollution, maintaining regional ecological balance. Nanchang is famous for "City in the Lake and Lake in the City", and this paper begins with wetland resources in Nanchang City, analyzes problems of local wetlands. Taking the design of the Aixi Lake Wetland Park for example, this paper proposes suggestions for the renovation and improvement by analyzing the problems of its current landscape pattern, and specifi c problems in the landscape design of wetland park, and summarizes the ecological model fi t for the landscape design of urban wetland park in Nanchang City. The research contributes to the ecological restoration and conservation of wetland resources in Nanchang.     

干旱对沧州东部滨海湿地价值的影响

沧州东部滨海湿地具有独特的地理位置、复杂的生态环境和丰富的鸟类资源,是候鸟南北迁徙带与东西迁徙带的交汇点,也是东北亚内陆和太平洋西岸鸟类迁徙通道上的重要“中转站”、越冬地和繁殖地。由于20世纪80年代以后自然降水锐减,温度升高导致蒸发量增大,干旱情况加重,沧州地区东部滨海湿地的生态环境受到严重影响。就其生态价值、经济价值、社会价值受到的影响状况以及相关的积极保护行动等方面进行较系统的阐述,并从生态保护性开发和可持续发展远景规划等方面提出一些建设性的意见和建议。     

Planning and Ecological Landscape Design of Urban Constructed Wetland

In addition to purifying water, constructed wetland has become an important ecological landscape in city. The characteristics and key design points of constructed wetland under the ecological principles were explored, taking the Jingyue Lake in Zhongxiang City, Hubei Province for example, treatment processes were designed for different infl ow waters on the basis of site analysis to facilitate the water environment control and ecological landscape construction, ecological theories were applied to explore functional layouts and landscape designs of wetland, to build a favorable ecological environment of urban wetland and design outstanding wetland ecological landscapes.     

安庆沿江湿地资源利用与保护对策研究

为了充分发挥安庆沿江湿地资源的优势和潜力,实现区域经济社会发展与生态环境保护的双赢,促进社会主义新农村建设,通过遥感分析和实地调查等方法,深入分析了安庆沿江湿地资源的优势和生态环境面临的问题。从调控湿地生态系统与周边陆域生态系统的耦合关系着手,提出了安庆沿江湿地资源利用与保护的对策:(1)优化农业结构和布局,建立生态保障体系;(2)发展生态水产养殖业,优化湿地生态系统结构;(3)开发湿地生态文化旅游,完善湿地资源保护管理系统。     

基于SWOT分析的湿地生态旅游可持续发展策略研究——以张掖市国家湿地公园为例

城市湿地公园是城市生态环境的重要组成部分,在可持续发展理念下,从保护和改善湿地生态环境入手,充分发挥湿地综合功能,探索湿地公园生态旅游发展对策,以促进湿地公园建设和生态旅游可持续发展。立足于生态学、经济学、旅游学、社会学等学科交叉与整合的背景,运用归纳法、演绎法、调查研究法等方法,通过完善基础设施和城市旅游产业环境,提高湿地空间景观质量,在科学理论指导下发展湿地生态旅游将促进湿地公园建设和生态旅游可持续发展,使自然资源与人文资源协调发展,提升湿地公园的生态效益、社会效益和经济效益。科学地开展湿地生态旅游,利于湿地生态环境保护,促进生态城市建设,实现湿地综合效益最大化。     

湿地岸带景观规划设计研究概述

近年来,随着社会经济的迅速发展和城乡城镇化趋势的不断扩张,位于城郊有限的自然湿地资源引起了社会各方面的强烈关注,尤其是关于湿地岸带的生态保护与开发利用正面临着日益严峻的挑战和争议。本研究基于湿地恢复学和景观生态学的知识理念,从湿地岸带的景观规划设计视角出发,概括了湿地岸带的生态边缘特性、景观廊道特性和景观递变特性,阐述了湿地岸带具有供给、调节、支持和文化等生态服务功能,提出湿地岸带景观的规划目标和设计原则,探讨了在总体规划层面上对于湿地岸带在纵向、横向和垂直向三维景观格局中的规划要点以及各个景观斑块之间的空间联系和相互影响,最后总结了在详细规划层面上对于湿地岸带的水体景观、地形景观、植被景观和文化景观元素的设计建议,以期为今后湿地岸带的景观规划设计提供一定的理论支持和技术指导。     

湿地土壤生态功能研究概述

为了完善湿地土壤的理论研究,充分发挥湿地土壤的生态功能,笔者从湿地土壤的定义及生态特征入手,阐述了湿地土壤的生态功能,主要包括维持生物多样性功能、养分维持功能、碳储存功能、净化功能、水文调节功能以及指示功能等,并介绍了目前湿地土壤的研究现状,最后对未来湿地土壤生态功能的研究进行了展望。     

湿地生态系统中的土壤动物研究进展

土壤动物是湿地生态系统中非常重要的组成部分,是物质循环和能量流动正常运行的关键一环。土壤动物在湿地生态系统中的研究越来越受到人们的重视。笔者概括了土壤动物的分类和采集及土壤动物生物量的测定,阐述了湿地生态系统中土壤动物研究主要集中在2个方面：土壤动物的生态特征研究和生态功能研究。其中,土壤动物的生态特征研究包括土壤动物数量、组成和多样性及及影响因素等主要生态特征,土壤动物生态功能研究主要包括生态指示功能、生态调控功能及对枯落物的分解功能等。最后,对土壤动物在湿地生态系统中的研究提出了展望。     

Study on the Landscape Construction of the Urban Wetland Parks

Through the examples of urban wetland parks construction at home and abroad, the importance of urban wetland parks is expounded in this paper, and the special landscape characteristics of the urban wetland parks accepted by the public and the urban constructor are analyzed, including the natural, ecological and economical characteristics. The natural characteristics include rich and multiple landscapes, biological diversity, remarkable ecological benefits and comprehensive functions. The social characteristics include clear recreational character, rich historical culture connotations and prominent education functions. Then, aiming at the facts existed in the landscape construction of the urban wetland parks in our country, including neglect of the characters and conditions of the region, formalized landscape design, urbanized recreational activities, neglect of other living things, species invasion and neglect of the educational functions in landscape construction and so on. It proposes that the landscape construction of urban wetland parks should follow the important principles as to protect strictly and restore the biology diversity, control the human disturbance, the construction should be based on ecology theories as the instruction, the recreational activities should have their themes and the architecture construction should be natural and ecological and so on. Finally, the thesis discusses the landscape construction concept design and the landscape district construction in the urban wetland parks. It hopes that it can give some promotions to the landscape construction of urban wetland parks through this research.     

基于文献计量分析的湿地土壤微生物研究热点趋势

湿地在区域生态系统起着不可替代的作用,它是长期以来区域生态环境因素的相互作用的结果,湿地对于保持生态系统平衡十分重要。通过Excel统计在Web of science数据库和CNKI数据库的论文每年的发文量,用分析工具对文献题录信息分析得到高频词共词矩阵,用得到的矩阵使用Ucinet和Net draw来获得共现网络可视图,用SPSS对关键词聚类分析,通过这些图来发现湿地土壤微生物研究趋势和热点。研究表明：（1）湿地土壤微生物研究发文数量基本逐年递增,自2015年起进入快速增长阶段。（2）国内外湿地土壤微生物的研究内容具有较大差异。国外更注重在加强湿地保护,退化湿地生态科学修复;国内主要是围绕湿地土壤微生物多样性与微生物功能。（3）共现网络可视中的关键词Wetland、Phytoremediation和Microbes与土壤微生物、土壤酶活性和微生物量碳一定程度上成为当前研究的热点。（4）国外主要以生境遭到破坏的湿地生态系统为研究对象,研究尺度较大,涉及地区、国家甚至是全球层面;国内则是针对湿地保护区开展的科研工作。今后国内有望在湿地土壤微生物的科研与保护环境的理论与方法做进一步深入研究。     

Analysis on the Problems and Countermeasures of Urban Wetland Park Tourism

Wetland with biological and ecological diversity, which can regulate regional climate, humidity, temperature, etc., has high tourism value. Development and management of wetland park in China started late, so we should establish explicit goals to adjust wetland management and publicity from the aspects of regularity, professionality and availability, to promote the sustainable development of wetland resources.     

长沙市湿地资源保护及湿地旅游开发社区意愿调查与分析

长沙市湿地资源是保障长沙城市生态安全的重要组成部分,了解城市社区居民对湿地保护的认知及利用诉求,是探索兼顾社区利益的湿地生态保护与开发模式的基础。笔者从居民角度出发,探讨湿地资源对居民生产生活的影响以及湿地旅游的可行性,为湿地保护和利用政策的制定和实施提供理论依据。研究表明,在湿地重要性认知方面,39.87%的居民认为重要;42.38%的居民认为对湿地植被有不严重的破坏现象;67.81%的居民认为城市扩展对湿地有较为明显影响;79.98%的受访者认为湿地保护无需保护措施;95.68%的居民认为湿地开发对当地经济发展有影响;89.46%的居民愿意参与到当地的旅游开发中去,认为湿地旅游有利于促进当地经济发展;但对于项目实施中遇到的开发模式、技术措施等问题尚存疑虑。总之,湿地资源保护与湿地旅游开发是1对可以调和的矛盾,但政策引导、科学规划与社区参与缺一不可。     

湿地昆虫多样性与保护研究进展

为了对中国湿地昆虫多样性保护和湿地资源的合理利用,综述了国内外最近20年在湿地昆虫多样性和保护方面的研究进展。研究发现：现有研究集中在植物和脊椎动物,对湿地昆虫的研究比较缺乏,而且对各类群的研究很不平衡。应加快对湿地昆虫系统调查的步伐,丰富湿地昆虫物种多样性的数据,同时对湿地环境的变化进行长期监测、加强环境管理、保护湿地昆虫的多样性。通过对湿地生态系统的长期监测和管理,对其他生态系统的昆虫物种保护提供科学依据。     

Protection and Ecological Restoration of Water Level Fluctuation Zone in the Three Gorges Reservoir

Water level fluctuation zone(hereinafter referred to as "WLFZ") is a transitional ecosystem between terrestrial ecosystem and aquatic ecosystem,and also a key area to control its neighboring terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem. After the Three Gorges Reservoir was put into use,ecological environment of its WLFZ has aroused wide concern from domestic and foreign experts. On the basis of introducing characteristics of WLFZ of the Three Gorges Reservoir,current ecological environment and main problems of this area were analyzed,plant selection and configuration was elaborated as well as the implementation effect of many WLFZ protection and ecological restoration modes. In view of the actual conditions,pertinent suggestions were proposed for WLFZ of the Three Gorges Reservoir,namely classified protection and ecological restoration,enhancing monitoring and assessment of current situation and change tendency,carrying out technical researches and demonstration of WLFZ wetland ecological restoration.     

达里诺尔湖湿地生态系统服务价值评价

生态系统服务功能是生态系统与生态过程所形成及所维持的人类赖以生存的自然环境条件与效用,对其服务价值进行货币化评价,可以推动自然资源可持续利用,促进区域生态环境保护。以达里诺尔湖湿地为研究对象,结合达里诺尔湖湿地生态系统的结构、特征及其生态过程特点,通过资料搜集与实地调研,运用资源经济学理论和方法,对达里诺尔湖湿地生态系统服务价值进行了划分。构建了达里诺尔湖湿地生态系统服务价值评价指标体系,并对其进行了价值评价。评价结果显示达里诺尔湖湿地的服务价值为93.70×10⁴万元,其中直接使用价值为2.19×10⁴万元,占比为2.36%,间接使用价值为91.51×10⁴万元,占比为97.66%。各项生态系统服务功能中以调节空气湿度价值最大,为82.76×10⁴万元,占总服务价值的88.32%。     

Landscape Pattern Optimization of Chengdu Based on Modern Garden City

TOptimization of regional landscape pattern is significant for improving function and value of ecosystem,and restraining the expansion of urban layout.Taking Chengdu City for example,this paper applied RS and GIS techniques,landscape indexes and ecological service function evaluation to further analyze the temporal and spatial characteristics of landscape pattern and spatial differences of regional ecological functions,and on this basis,identified the spatial distribution of ecological source lands.Based on the long-term objective of building Chengdu into a modem garden city,this paper applied the accumulative cost distance model and introduced garden city theory to construct regional ecological corridors and ecological nodes,and explored the approaches of optimizing landscape pattern of modem garden city.The results showed that a great deal of arable land has been transferred to construction land in the urbanization;intensity of regional ecological functions showed obvious spatial differences;ecological source lands were mainly distributed in the Longmen Mountain,the Qionglai Mountain,the Changqiu Mountain and the Longquan Mountain;according to actual conditions of the study area,the road ecological corridors,river corridors and agricultural corridors in the layout of "four rings and six radial corridors" were constructed;ecological nodes dominated by intersection,wetland and forest park were formed.This research method and results are significant references for building Chengdu into a modem garden city     

扰动因子对龙凤湿地鸟类影响的研究

为了研究湿地生态系统的扰动因子对生活其中的鸟类种类多样性的影响,进而保护湿地生态平衡和保护湿地鸟类多样性,于2009年3月—2012年6月,采用样线法和样点法对龙凤湿地鸟类进行了研究。结果显示,龙凤湿地的鸟类种类由16目33科减少到13目20科,种数由142种减少到46种。随着城市湿地自然因子和湿地污染、湿地水资源利用过度、湿地景观破碎化、噪声和电磁辐射污染等人为扰动因子的变化加剧,龙凤湿地的鸟类种类明显减少。扰动因子的变化,是湿地鸟类减少的重要诱因。减少扰动因子对龙凤湿地鸟类的影响,保护湿地鸟类,任务非常紧迫。