村落文化传承和发展的困境、意义和重构

村落是中国传统社会的独特意蕴，是村落文化形成的基础和重要载体形式。随着城镇化建设的推进，村落文化面临文化发生断裂、文化根基动摇、文化生态格局被瓦解和村落文化传承出现危机的困境。村落文化有助于形成村落共同体意识和维护村落自治格局，助推村落共同价值观念的形成和中华传统文化的传承。重构村落文化，需要建构科学有效的管理体系，建立多元化的资金筹措机制，制定切实可行的法律法规，协调城镇化建设和村落发展的关系。传承和发展村落文化，需要处理好保护和发展的关系，在保护中提升发展的质量。     

Renovation of Traditional Water Villages in Jiangnan:A Case Study of Renovation Planning of Wenchang Village

The rapid urbanization and new rural construction have being exerted serious impact on the renovation and protection of traditional water villages in Jiangnan area(the southern regions of the Yangtze River). More and more distinctive villages are losing their historical background and regional architectural culture in modern society. Taking the renovation planning of Wenchang village as a case study, its function structure and land use are determined by the theory of "three layers of HSR(high-speed rail) station" after deep mining its history and culture. Then, the design method of rebuilding characteristic space in traditional villagesaiming at finding a proper way to handle the relationship between development and protection of traditional villagesis investigated from the perspective of natural landscape, spatial form and architectural features.     

Urban Morphology of Urban Village: A Case Study of Dafen Oil Painting Village in Shenzhen

Dafen Oil Painting Village, the largest oil painting village in current China, takes cultural industries like creation and wholesale of oil paintings as the pillar. As one of the urban villages in Shenzhen, Dafen Village not only has the common characteristics of urban morphology as ordinary urban villages, but also has something unique. In this paper, study of the urban morphology of Dafen Oil Painting Village is mainly from 3 aspects: firstly, the formation of street space in Dafen Village; secondly, analysis of the status of urban morphology of Dafen Village; thirdly, the plane layout and public space of Dafen Village. In the end, this paper put forward some suggestions about the future development of urban morphology and space layout in Dafen Village.     

Analysis of Evolution Features of Villages into Small Towns under the Influence of Tourism:A Case Study of Xizhou Town of Dali City

Influence of tourism on society,economy and culture of traditional villages is shown gradually by physical form,promoting the evolution of villages into small towns. Based on the perspective of morphology,the changing features of physical and social spatial form of three typical regions(Xizhou Village and its surrounding areas,Zhoucheng Village and its surrounding areas,and Renliyi Village) in Xizhou Town of Dali City during 1985-2010 were analyzed; the roles of tourism during the evolution process of villages into small towns were discussed; the evolution features of villages into small towns were summarized. It is concluded that tourism and economy related to tourism have played important roles in the enhancement of cohesion degree of an aggregation nucleus and have promoted the evolution process of vilages into small towns.     

Characteristics and Protection Approaches of Human Settlement in Ancient Villages of Jiangxi: A Case Study of Ancient Dongyuan Zengs' Village

Ancient village as a precious historical and cultural heritage of China is hailed as the "eco-museum" of classical folk cultures and "living fossil" of rural history culture. This paper elaborated human settlement characteristics of ancient Dongyuan Zengs' Village, Jinxi County from the perspectives of village environment, history evolution, village layout and village building, and explored the substantial content of village human settlement protection, and proposed specifi c approaches of protecting the human settlement, such as ancient village layout, history and culture, and provided references for protecting human settlement of the ancient villages.     

The Practice of Planning and Design of Characteristic Rural Areas in Jiangsu Province: A Case Study of Shiye Town,Zhenjiang City

Based on the theory of three living spaces,taking the characteristic rural areas of Shiye Town in Zhenjiang City as the research object,the study analyzed its constituent elements in production,life and ecological space (three living spaces) and put forward the strategy of space optimization.The overall optimization design of the village is made according to the problems by combining with the current situation of pilot villages such as Yongmaowei,Huanqingzhou and group 1 of Xianfeng Village.In addition,special reconstruction measures were formulated for the existing problems of agricultural houses and public spaces in various typical villages.     

新农村建设中的区域农村村容现状与问题调查

根据对全国东中西部26个省份、202个村庄、2411份调研问卷的结果,重点从农村家庭燃料结构、农村道路、农村家庭饮水、厕所、秸秆处理、生活垃圾、植被绿化等方面对中国不同区域新农村建设的农村村容现状与问题进行详细分析,在此基础上提出"村容整洁"的新农村建设对策。     

村落的社会分化——基于M村的案例分析

为了深入解读村落的社会分化,通过访谈调查和案例分析。从村落的经济结构、职业结构以及收入来源等方面对发生在M村的社会分化过程展开调查研究。研究结果表明:村落的社会分化是在多种因素的共同作用下得以实现的,并且这些影响因素主要包括国家的土地政策、土地的"倒逼"机制、农民自身自主性的发挥以及外部市场的引力这4种因素。村落不仅是一种静态的社会形态,也是一种动态的社会过程;并且村落的社会分化过程,也是其社会分工程度不断加深、有机性不断增强的过程。农民的理想图景应该是成为理性小农以及农民市民化,同时设想了3种村落的未来走向。     

Application of Landscape Gene Information Chain in Tourism Development of Traditional Human Settlements:A Case Study of Daqitou Village in Sanshui District,Foshan City

Based on the aspect of historical and cultural geography, the value of "landscape gene information chain" in the tourism development of ancient villages was verified by taking cultural landscape as the principal line, historical and cultural settlement as the carriers, and traditional buildings as the entry points. Taking Daqintou Village in Sanshui District, Foshan City for example, the theory of "landscape gene information chain" was applied to design a tourism planning scheme for Daqitou Village.     

Spatial Evolution of Tourism-Oriented Rural Residential Space: A Case Study of Xiaochuanfangyu Village,Dongshuichang Village and Maojiayu Village in Jizhou District,Tianjin

Currently, rural residential space can't continue to meet the growing demand for tourism receptions because of the development of rural tourism, resulting in the evolution and reconstruction of residential space in rural areas. In the past decade, rural tourism has become the main driving force for industrial transformation and economic growth in rural areas of China. Taking three tourism-oriented villages in Jizhou District, Tianjin, namely Xiaochuanfangyu Village, Dongshuichang Village and Maojiayu Village, as the objects of the research, this paper analyzed the influence of rural tourism on the evolution of rural residential space from the perspectives of the spatial pattern and architectural style at the microscopic scale.     

Symbol Expression of Allocation in Ancient Villages

On the vast land of China there are still some ancient Villages scattered, which were formed under some specific historical situations.Due to the limitations such as geographical and transport factors,these ancient villages have been little affected by the construction boom outside,keeping the original shape,architectural style and even the plain and simple customs until now.During the course of location selection and village formation, the traditional culture of the villagers has been embodied into the substantial system of the village and has become the important part of the village culture.The study on the ancient village-the prototype of city inhabitation-will contribute to understanding the trace of city development,that is,the concept of city planning and designing transforms from the functionalism to humanism approach.It is endowed with further cultural connotation promoting the continuous development of the city. In this paper, the external form of traditional culture in the ancient villages were inquired into from four aspects:the thought of "gendu"(farming and study) culture, the idea of village defense,the concept of "lishui" culture and the notion of "fengshui" culture.     

地形对于村落雷击概率影响模拟研究

在对中国传统村落名录收录的古村落进行保护规划时,防雷保护是其中重要的一部分。现有的村落防雷保护研究更多侧重于定性的保护方法,对不同地形条件下的村落雷击概率的定量化研究还不多。本研究基于闪电随机模拟的方法,利用Matlab对闪电路径进行模拟,并分别分析村落位于平原、山脚及山谷处的雷击概率。模拟结果显示,平原的村落雷击概率最高,当村落位于山脚时,其雷击概率要比位于平原处小;当村落位于山谷时,其雷击概率比位于山脚处更小。主要原因是：建筑物周边的高大山体对于闪电有截收效应,位于山体周边时建筑雷击概率比平原时降低。模拟结果还显示小尺寸、低高度的建筑物仍然有发生侧击的危险,在农村的防雷保护工作中需加以关注。     

Analysis of Water Environment in Ancient Villages of North Hunan: A Case Study of Zhangguying Village

Water environment has its unique charm as a part of traditional settlement space. This paper took water environment in Zhangguying Village, Yueyang City, Hunan Province for example, analyzed dot, linear and planar elements of village water environment, and water environment in courtyards[1], and tried to put forward valuable suggestions for the waterscape design of modern residential areas.     

Rural Revitalization Based on Smart Contraction Concept: A Case Study of Planning and Construction of Dawan Yard,Tianwan Village,Wanzhou District,Chongqing City

This paper introduces the concept of "smart contraction" and its enlightenment to the revitalization of rural areas. Taking Dawan Yard in Tianwan Village, Wanzhou District, Chongqing City as an example, construction dilemmas in mountain area are analyzed, such as backward rural economy, low farmers' incomes, the loss of labor population, the decentralization of village construction land, small-scale village construction land, and the lack of technology and funds for the improvement of village living environment. Combining with the development opportunity of Dawan Yard in Tianwan Village, it puts forward three planning countermeasures of "smart contraction": smart utilization of village resources, smart allocation of public service facilities and smart inheritance of village memory. We hope to provide a new way to revitalize the countryside via case analysis of Dawan Yard.     

Detecting village‐level regional development differences: A GIS and HLM method

To respond to the problems that the previous research mainly targeted the poverty at larger scale and ignored individual effect or contextual effect during exploring poverty contributing factors, we attempt to use spatial cluster analysis and multilevel linear regression model to target the poverty at village level from the perspective of spatial poverty, so as to identify where the poor villages are, and why they are so poor, thereby targeting poverty interventions. Specially, we adopt four types of spatial cluster indices to detect the spatial aggregation distribution of villages, and design HLM model to examine the poverty contributing factors from both village level and county level. The case study from Wuling contiguous destitute area show that: (1) The overall distribution shows a spatial pattern of large scattered but small concentration, scatters‐polar core‐axis‐clump coexisted. (2) Poverty contributing factors at village level from high to low are: per cultivated area, safe drinking water access ratio, terrain type, suffered frequency of natural disasters, road access ratio, and distance from the nearest town’s bazaar. The contribution degree of county‐level factors to the villages’ poverty from high to low are: second gross enrollment ratio, per capita GDP. (3) 45.1% of the difference among the villages’ poverty degrees comes from the development differences among poverty‐stricken villages themselves, and 54.9% from that among counties they belong to. Contributing factors at village level account for 61.4% of the variation of village‐level independent variables, and factors at county level contributed to 65.3% of the variation of county‐level independent variables.     

重庆市黔江区阿蓬江镇土地生态安全评价研究

土地生态安全评价为优化土地资源配置、制定土地利用规划和强化环境管理提供科学依据。以阿蓬江镇为例,选取植被覆盖指数、土地承载力指数、土地生态系统服务价值指数、土地生态风险强度指数、坡耕地指数等5个指标构建土地生态安全评价指标体系,采用最优组合赋权法确定指标权重,计算该区域2011年各村土地生态安全综合指数,并进行分区和评价。结果表明,麒麟村、细水村、青杠村、黄莲村、石合村、彭家村、柒坨村处于良好级,其余6村处于敏感级。由此说明,土地生态安全程度的高低主要与土地利用类型的数量结构和空间布局有关。     

Discussion on the Environmental Protection and Planning of Traditional Villages

Resource environment of traditional villages is an important historical and cultural heritage of China. It deserves protection but currently is faced with severe destruction resulting from unsuccessful village planning or implementation. In this paper, problems existing in the planning of traditional villages are analyzed, and countermeasures for environmental protection and planning as well as proposals for implementation are put forward.     

晋西北山区乡村聚落景观变迁研究——以山西省大水口村为例

随着乡村振兴战略的提出,乡村的发展已经成为国家整体发展中的关键一环。然而在中国欠发达地区,大部分的传统村落仍然存在发展滞后、聚落结构混乱、生态环境脆弱等问题,是乡村发展中需要解决的关键问题。本研究以晋西北山区宁武县大水口村为研究区,基于1980、1990、2008和2020年四期遥感影像,利用参与式调研和GIS空间分析等方法,建立数据库,分析大水口村40年来乡村聚落景观变迁特征,以期为山西乃至全国更多的传统乡村发展提供原型和参考价值。结果表明：（1）聚落私有空间的规模在40年来逐渐增大,斑块数量和斑块面积都有大幅度的增加;聚落的形状特征逐渐趋于简单,边界形状也变得更加规整。（2）聚落生产空间中农业生产用地减少,主要是转换为林地和居民点用地;工矿生产用地的增加主要为占用农业用地。（3）聚落公共空间并没有随着聚落的发展而发展,而是呈衰退和废弃状态;仅有部分基础设施稍有改善。本研究将为未来的村庄规划和管理提供更详细的资料和理论依据。     

Exploration on the Crowdfunding Mode of Rural Memory Project

In the past decades of industrialization and urbanization,a plenty of Chinese villages have passed out of existence.The amount of the existing ancient villages in China only accounts for 1.9% of the amount of Chinese administrative villages.Chinese traditional villages include tangible cultural heritage like traditional residential architecture and cultural relics,as well as intangible cultural heritage like folk customs and handcraft,which are of extremely important values and demand proper conservation immediately."Rural Memory Project" is not only a carrier project of "memorizing nostalgia" and "retaining passion for home",but also the original protection project of tangible cultural heritage like rural historic streets and traditional resident courtyard,as well as intangible cultural heritage like production and living customs.At present,"Rural Memory" Project launched by Shandong province was primarily funded by the government sectors whose investment was far from sufficient for the great appetite of the project,thus massive social capital has to be absorbed to ensure a sustainable implementation of the project.Featured with low threshold,strong inclusivity and stable mass basis,crowdfunding which could adapt to the characteristics of the current "Rural Memory" Project is regarded as a feasible fund-raising channel.In the exploration of crowdfunding mode,the authorities could focus on establishing a specialized crowdfunding platform for Rural Memory Project,select proper crowdfunding mode according to the characteristics of the project,adhere to the macro orientation and policy of the government,and commit themselves to dissolving the institutional constraints in crowdfunding.     

The Role of “Long Forest” Belief of the Dai Nationality in the Conservation of Forest Resources: A Case Study of Manjingchengzi Village in Xishuangbanna

The core of"Long Forest"belief of the Dai nationality is to protect natural forests and forests for conservation of water supply as the home of ancestral gods of the nation and to maintain the ecological balance by means of"Long Forest"worship,"Long Forest"taboo,the traditional customary law,and village regulation and non-governmental agreement.This paper takes Manjingchengzi Village in Xishuangbanna as an example to analyze the distribution of forest land in different periods over the past 60 years and explore the role of"Long Forest"belief in the conservation of local forest resources in a view to providing a frame of reference for regional ecological environment protection.