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杏树在我国栽培历史悠久,但栽植数量较少,通过分析我地杏树栽植少的原因,主要是新品种引进时间短,认识不充分,原有品种产量低。造成原有品种产量低的原因有:一是花期不耐低温,尤其是晚霜冻,经常因冻害而绝产;二是败育花比例大,不能正常授粉受精;三是品种单一,自花授粉坐果率低,缺乏授粉树。2000年,为调整保护地栽培品种结构,探索杏树保护地栽培的可行性,我们引进意大利1号、金太阳、凯特、红丰等几个新品种进行保护地栽培和少量露地栽培试验,通过3年的实践观察,发现各个品种各有特长。现将几个品种在我地的特长表现总结如下,供各地参考。1意… 相似文献
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9803是由辽宁省果树研究所培育的适宜温室栽培的优良杏品种,具有结果早、品质好、果个大、产量高、需冷量少等特点,经专家鉴定认为达到国际先进水平,有望成为我国首例拥有自主知识产权的适于温室栽培的杏品种,已通过省级验收,并获得2003年度辽宁省科技进步三等奖。 相似文献
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优良杏品种——歇马杏 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
歇马杏是辽宁省庄河市太平岭满族自治乡歇马村农民杨德志从锦州南山引进的杏品种,迄今已有60多年栽培历史。本品种过去栽培甚少,近年来才有所发展,目前全市栽培总面积200多公顷,主要集中在歇马村歇马屯。由于该品种果实色昧俱佳,适宜鲜食和加工,且适应性较强,1996年被市科委评为优良品种。 相似文献
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山西北部气候寒冷干旱,一般果树较难栽培,而杏树能正常生长,成为当地主要栽培果树,目前栽培面积在2.6万hm2左右。杏在长期的栽培历史过程中形成了许多地方品种。现将本地区主要地方杏品种及关键栽培技术介绍如下,供参考。1主要地方杏品种1.1软条京杏主要分布在阳高王官屯镇的边 相似文献
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1 AcHarojoy杏1.1 品种来源 R·E·C·Layne等 1978年用“Harlayne”和“Harcot”为亲本进行杂交 ,1984年选出“AcHarojoy” ,1985年开始繁殖并同同期成熟的“金富”和“Veecot”进行比较试验 ,表现为性状稳定 ,成熟期一致且丰产。1.2 植物学特征 该品种树势强健 ,树姿半直立。叶中等大 ,叶缘钝齿形稍有波纹 ,叶平展。 1年生枝和短果枝易成花 ;花型大 ,白色 ;花瓣圆形 ,柱头花药等高。1.3 果实经济性状 果实长椭圆形 ,不沿缝合线对称。梗洼中广、中深。缝合线深。果顶平。成熟果茸毛短而稀 ,果实表面光滑、有光泽 ,呈亮橙黄色 ,… 相似文献
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早熟优质杏品种早玉杏 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
早玉杏系平原县林业局于1991年在当地发现的1个早熟杏实生品种,1993年开始扩大栽培。1999年5月29日省级专家鉴评认为该品种经济性状稳定,早熟、个大、丰产、优质,是珍贵的杏品种资源。 相似文献
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陕西临潼石榴优良品种 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
<正>西安市临潼区是我国著名石榴产地之一,有许多优良的地方品种,临潼区石榴研究所自1983年起,对当地石榴品种资源进行收集、整理、观察、试验,从中选育出临选1号等3个大粒、软籽石榴优良品种,现将有代表性品种简介如下。 相似文献
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Zehra Tuğba Murathan Bayram Murat Asma Hayat Topçu 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2017,92(3):251-260
In this study, the sexual incompatibility and S-allele diversity of 24 Turkish apricot cultivars, Paviot and Sak?t-1 as parents and 127 F1 progenies were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing techniques. Additionally, genetic diversity and relatedness among the 24 cultivars were determined using 18 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers from the genus Prunus. PCR for S_alleles identified nine different S-RNase alleles in the 24 apricot cultivars, namely Sc, S1, S2, S8, S9, S20, S24, S52, and S53. All primers amplified only one S_allele in the cultivars Adilcevaz-1, Adilcevaz-3, Ethembey, Pasamismisi, Canakkale, and Soganci. Most of the Turkish cultivars were self-incompatible. The Sc allele was present in only three cultivars (Canakkale, Ethembey, Imrahor) that are, therefore, self-compatible. The S_alleles of cultivars Paviot and Sak?t-1 displayed homology with the Sc, S2 and S20, and S52 alleles. In the 127 F1 genotypes, the two S_alleles of Paviot were inherited by roughly half of the offspring, while about 76% of the offspring inherited the S52 allele from Sak?t-1, and less than 24% inherited S20. The amplification using all SSR 18 primers was successful and produced 128 polymorphic alleles with an average of 7.11 alleles per locus. Among the apricot cultivars studied, expected heterozygosity (He) ranged from 0.33 to 0.72, observed heterozygosity (Ho) ranged from 0.42 to 1.00, PIC values were between 0.28 and 0.89, and similarity rates were between 0.30 and 0.68. The cultivars Levent and Ozal were genetically closest (0.68) while cultivars Sak?t-3 and Soganc? were the most distinct (0.30). 相似文献
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杏制汁适应性评价指标的探讨 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以凯特×新世纪、巴旦×凯特杂交组合的F1代群体111个株系及凯特、金太阳、山农凯新1号、山农凯新2号等9个杏品种果实为试材,探讨了制汁用杏相关性状的分布特点及其评价标准。结果表明:(1)同一杏品种(株系)单果质量不同,出汁率亦有较大差异;(2)在本试验测定的性状中,单果质量和维生素C含量的分布频率接近正态分布,出汁率的分布频率呈偏态分布,而可溶性固形物含量的分布频率呈离散分布;(3)根据各个制汁相关性状的分布特点,初步提出了制汁用杏的评价标准,其中一级标准为单果质量≥50g、出汁率≥64.5%、可溶性固形物≥12%、单宁含量<0.91mg/g、维生素C含量≥0.09mg/g、糖酸比为3.33~3.98且可溶性糖含量为7.09%~7.88%,特级标准为:单果质量≥70g、出汁率≥67%、可溶性固形物≥15%、单宁含量<0.91mg/g、维生素C含量≥0.12mg/g、糖酸比为4.15~4.80且可溶性糖含量为8.12%~11.11%。 相似文献
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9个新疆杏品种间杂交亲和性研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
【目的】了解新疆杏品种间杂交亲和性,为授粉树的配置提供理论依据。【方法】以9个新疆杏品种为试材,测定各品种的花粉量、花粉活力,设置不同品种间72个授粉组合,测定杂交组合的花粉管生长状况及坐果率等指标,以判定不同杂交组合的亲和性。【结果】9个品种平均花粉量为每花药1 474.4粒,品种间差异极大。各品种平均花粉萌发率为44.0%,其中,‘库曼提’花粉萌发率较高,为80.0%,‘树上干’较小,仅17.5%。不同授粉组合的平均坐果率为25.9%,较自然授粉平均高2.7倍,以‘阿克阿依’为母本,‘轮台白杏’为父本的授粉组合坐果率最高,达64.2%。荧光显微观察结果表明,所有杂交组合花粉多在授粉后24 h萌发并伸长,授粉96 h后到达花柱基部进入子房,但各组合花粉在花柱原位萌发的速度及花粉管生长速度存在差异,以‘佳娜丽’为母本,‘库尔勒托永’为父本等9个组合,花粉管生长延长到花柱中下部后,停止向下生长,只有个别能正常生长到达子房。【结论】各品种间花粉量、花粉活力差异极大。在72个授粉组合中,坐果率小于6%的授粉组合,花粉管未到达花柱基部或到达基部的速度慢,比率小,表现为杂交不亲和;坐果率较高的授粉组合,花粉管到达花柱基部的速度快,比率大,亲和性强,适宜搭配建园。 相似文献
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为探讨新疆南疆地区加工用杏品种制汁相关性状的评价标准,以轮台国家果树资源圃的库尔勒托永、小白杏、赛买提等18个品种果实为试材,比较南疆加工用杏品种制汁相关性状,结果显示18个杏品种平均单果质量为14.4~52g,出汁率为44.6%~62%,可溶性固形物含量为13.2%~25.4%,可滴定酸含量为0.67%~1.59%,维生素C含量为26.7~146.5mg/kg,糖酸比为4.35~17.09,可溶性糖含量为6.64%~15.52%。以目前生产中仅15%~25%的品种能达到的性状为特级指标,我们提出南疆制汁用杏品种的特级标准为:单果质量≥40g、出汁率≥58%、可溶性固形物含量≥21%、维生素C含量≥100mg/kg、糖酸比达到8.31~12.19且可溶性糖含量为7.81%~15.11%。 相似文献
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《Scientia Horticulturae》2004,102(4):387-396
Causes of poor crops in apricot were investigated by studying the reproductive process after pollination. The evolution of the ovules and the growth of the pollen tubes were determined. Also the fertilisation of the ovules and the fruit set obtained, when pollination was delayed, were examined in two groups of cultivars with different fruiting behaviour. ‘Beliana’ and ‘Palstein’, two cultivars that consistently set good yields, presented ovules that mature earlier and in larger number than those of ‘Guillermo’ and ‘Bergeron’, characterised for year-to-year low fruit production. Pollen tubes also grew faster in the first group of cultivars. Differences found between both groups of cultivars, seem to be related to the ability of the ovules to develop and mature after anthesis, and around 50% of them only had a mother cell without an embryo sac, suggesting that development of those ovules was stopped at an early stage. This fact critically influenced fertilisation and, therefore, fruit set. There seem to be a good correlation between percentages of mature ovules a few days after anthesis, the percentages of fertilised ovules and final percentages of fruit set. 相似文献
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济丽红杏系自然实生变异,地方农家品种。果实大,平均单果重85g,外观艳丽,耐挤压、耐贮运,货架期长。自然坐果率30%以上,显著高于红荷包(12%)、玉杏(11%)。早实丰产,三年生树株产10kg。 相似文献