利用春、秋、夏三种实用家蚕品种组配四元杂种的研究

利用温带地区的春用品种与亚热带地区的秋用、夏用品种进行组配基础上，摸索如何组配适合南方热带、亚热带地区的四元杂种．其结果表明；要使生命率与全茧量、茧层率达到一个较佳的平衡，超过对照．春秋用四元种以春用原种2个与秋用原种2个组配为宜，夏秋用四元杂种以秋用原种2～3个与夏用原种1～2个或秋用原种2～3个与春用原种1个、夏用原种1个组配较好。     

广西禽种、禽业研究开发现状与可持续性发展问题分析

1广西禽种类型及其分布现状1.1广西现有禽种类型广西原有禽类地方品种9个,其中鸡为5个、鸭为2个、鹅为2个。经近两年的家禽品种资源调查,原有的鸡种已经消失了2个,还剩下3个;调查发现并经区畜禽品种资源委员会认定,新增鸡品种4个、鸭品种2个。现共有禽     

梅花鹿、马鹿及杂种鹿茸料比的分析

以较大样本数为基础 ,采用加权法对我国 1988～ 2 0 0 2年家养的 14种茸用鹿鲜茸的茸料比进行了统计分析及选择。结果表明 ,3个地方品种即东北梅花鹿、东北马鹿和天山马鹿的茸料比分别为 5 773,5 6 0 3,11 76 0 ;2种杂交鹿花马杂交F1和东天杂交F1的茸料比分别为 8 6 6 2和 11 2 17;人工选育品种品系长白山品系、双阳、四平、西丰和敖东品种梅花鹿的茸料比分别为 7 346 ,6 15 6 ,6 0 5 6 ,5 75 2 ,5 6 13,天山马鹿清原品系和清原塔里木、乌兰坝马鹿品种的茸料比分别为 11 76 0 ,12 894 ,11 175 ,7 35 8。     

紫花苜蓿抗寒生理指标的比较研究

低温寒害是限制物种分布及农业生产的重要因素。不同植物对温度的敏感程度不同,即使是同一作物的不同品种对寒冷的抵抗力也有显著的差异。试验旨在通过紫花苜蓿不同抗寒品种的4项生理指标比较研究,找出评价紫花苜蓿抗寒性更合理有效的条件和生理指标,为苜蓿抗寒品种的选择及生产实践提供依据。1材料与方法1·1材料试验选择了6个抗寒性不同的苜蓿品种,国外品种3个,国内品种3个,分别为龙牧801、敖汉、中苜1号、阿尔冈金、金皇后、驯鹿。1·2方法1·2·1苜蓿幼苗的培养每个苜蓿品种设2个处理组,Ⅰ组为对照组,正常温度培养;Ⅱ组为试验组,进行低…     

玉米宽窄行肥料、密度试验研究

玉米宽窄行栽培是一种保护性耕作方式,为了大面积推广应用宽窄行栽培技术,2012年在我镇试验基地对该项技术进行了试验,品种选择了郑单958,探索在不同密度和不同施肥水平条件下其产量表现,从中筛选出该品种适宜的密度及施肥水平,确定出相应的高产配套栽培技术,为指导全县农业生产提供可靠的科学依据。1.材料与方法1.1供试品种供试品种为郑单958。1.2试验设计与方法(1)密度:设为4个处理,即5万株/公顷、6万株/公顷、7万株/公     

广东省7月玉米、豆粕、进口鱼粉价格分析

农业部统计,全国4000个监测点5月底生猪存栏综合信息:(1)生猪存栏环比减少0.4%,同比增加4.2%;(2)能繁母猪存栏环比减少0.1%,同比增加5.9%。据广州市饲料行业协会6月份对广东省31种饲料原料价格跟踪统计,截至6月25日,有12个品种价格稳定,10个品种价格下跌,9个品种     

牛αs2酪蛋白、k酪蛋白基因启动子区多态性研究

为研究牛CSN1S2、CSN3基因启动子多态性.选择品种差异较大的贵州荷斯坦奶牛和务川黑牛构建不同DNA池,设计特异性引物分别扩增2个牛种CSN1S2、CSN3基因5’调控区及第1外显子部分序列.结果表明:CSN1S2基因5’调控区存在3个SNPs位点:A-253T、A-317G、A-407G,CSN3基因5,调控区发现4个SNPs:T-79G、G-415G、T-421C、T-658G,2个牛品种在不同位点的多态性有显著差异.生物信息学软件预测CSN1S2、CSN3基因核心启动子区及转录因子结合位点,CSN1S2基因A-253T、A-317G位于预测核心启动子区.SNP位点造成CSN3基因7个转录因子结合位点消失,而产生10个新的转录因子结合位点.对于CSN1S2、CSN3基因,突变前后RNA二级结构有明显改变,目标序列均未发现CpG岛.研究结果为进一步确定其启动子功能奠定试验基础.     

东川银合欢POD、EST和SOD同工酶分析

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)法,对云南省5个银合欢品种和1个金合欢品种种质资源的过氧化物酶(POD)、酯酶(EST)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)同工酶酶谱进行了分析,并依据不同种质材料间酶带特征的不同,利用酶带迁移率和酶谱相似系数分析研究了6个品种种质间的亲源关系及遗传多样性.结果表明:6个品种种质资源酶谱带数目、迁移率、酶活性及分布特征均有不同程度的差异.     

秋用蚕种冷藏时期、浸酸与孵化率关系之探析

目前生产所用的秋用蚕种 ,多为当年制种经冷藏、浸酸等技术处理后的冷藏浸酸种 ,其孵化率的高低 ,除蚕种本身的内在质量外 ,还与蚕种的冷藏保护、浸酸技术处理的效果密切相关。为探讨秋用蚕种的入库冷藏时期、浸酸与孵化成绩的关系。笔者于 2 0 0 2年对蚕种的冷藏保护、浸酸处理进行了试验和调查。现将试验及结果介绍如下。1　试验方法1 1　供试蚕品种菁松×皓月 (正反交 )、夏芳×秋白 (正反交 )。1 2　试验方法1 2 1　制种当日的蚕种 ,每个样抽取 0 .5张 ,按同品系、同品种、卵面基本一致的重复取样 ,共抽样 4 8个 (其中 :菁松×皓月 30…     

5个甜樱桃品种在浙江余姚地区的引种试验研究

对引入浙江余姚的‘朝阳1号’等5个甜樱桃品种进行避雨设施栽培试验,对其性状表现进行了观察研究。通过对各品种物候期、结果习性、丰产性、抗逆性和果实品质等观察和测定,以期为浙江余姚市甜樱桃产业发展筛选适生品种。结果表明,‘朝阳1号’、‘长丰1号’2个品种表现较好、适应性强、丰产性优、商品性好,可作为浙东沿海地区栽培发展品种。     

Comparisons of Angus, Charolais, Galloway, Hereford, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, Salers, and Shorthorn breeds for weight, weight adjusted for condition score, height, and condition score of cows

Breed differences for weight (CW), height (CH), and condition score (CS) were estimated from records (n = 12,188) of 2- to 6-yr-old cows (n = 744) from Cycle IV of the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center's Germplasm Evaluation (GPE) Program. Cows were produced from mating Angus and Hereford dams to Angus, Hereford, Charolais, Shorthorn, Galloway, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, and Salers sires. Samples of Angus and Hereford sires were 1) reference sires born from 1962 through 1970 and 2) 1980s sires born in 1980 through 1987. The mixed model included cow age, season of measurement and their interactions, year of birth, pregnancy-lactation code (PL), and breedgroup as fixed effects for CW and CS. Analyses of weight adjusted for condition score included CS as a linear covariate. The model for CH excluded PL. Random effects were additive genetic and permanent environmental effects associated with the cow. Differences among breed groups were significant (P < 0.05) for all traits and were maintained through maturity with few interchanges in ranking. The order of F1 cows for weight was as follows: Charolais (506 to 635 kg for different ages), Shorthorn and Salers, reciprocal Hereford-Angus (HA) with 1980s sires, Nellore, HA with reference sires, Galloway, Piedmontese, and Longhorn (412 to 525 kg for different ages). Order for height was as follows: Nellore (136 to 140 cm), Charolais, Shorthorn, Salers, HA with 1980s sires, Piedmontese, Longhorn, Galloway and HA with reference sires (126 to 128 cm). Hereford and Angus cows with reference sires were generally lighter than those with 1980s sires. In general, breed differences for height followed those for weight except that F1 Nellore cows were tallest, which may in part be due to Bos taurus-Bos indicus heterosis for size.     

Concentrations of strontium,barium, cadmium,copper, zinc,manganese, chromium,antimony, selenium,and lead in the liver and kidneys of dogs according to age,gender, and the occurrence of chronic kidney disease

This study was conducted to measure the concentrations of strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), antimony (Sb), selenium (Se), and lead (Pb) in canine liver, renal cortex, and renal medulla, and the association of these concentrations with age, gender, and occurrence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Tissues from 50 dogs were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Cu, Zn, and Mn levels were highest in the liver followed by the renal cortex and renal medulla. The highest Sr, Cd, and Se concentrations were measured in the renal cortex while lower levels were found in the renal medulla and liver. Female dogs had higher tissue concentrations of Sr (liver and renal medulla), Cd (liver), Zn (liver and renal cortex), Cr (liver, renal cortex, and renal medulla), and Pb (liver) than male animals. Except for Mn and Sb, age-dependent variations were observed for all element concentrations in the canine tissues. Hepatic Cd and Cr concentrations were higher in dogs with CKD. In conclusion, the present results provide new knowledge about the storage of specific elements in canine liver and kidneys, and can be considered important reference data for diagnostic methods and further investigations.     

Comparisons of Angus-, Braunvieh-, Chianina-, Hereford-, Gelbvieh-, Maine Anjou-, and Red Poll-sired cows for weight,weight adjusted for body condition score,height, and body condition score

Data from Angus, Hereford, and top-cross cows (n = 641) from 2- to 8-yr-old daughters of seven breeds of sires included in Cycle II of the Germplasm Evaluation Program at the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, comprising cow weight (CW, n = 15,698), height (CH, n = 15,676), and condition score (CS, n = 15,667), were used to estimate breed-group differences. Data were recorded in four seasons of each year (1975 to 1982). The mixed model included cow age, season of measurement, and their interactions, year of birth, pregnancy-lactation code (PL), and breed-group as fixed effects for CW and CS. Analyses of weight adjusted for condition score included CS as covariate. The model for CH excluded PL. Random effects were additive genetic and permanent environmental effects. Differences among breed-groups were significant for all traits at different ages and were maintained across ages, with few interchanges in ranking through maturity. Cows were ranked (by breed of sire) in the following order for weight: Red Poll (lightest), Hereford-Angus (reciprocal), Braunvieh, Gelbvieh, Maine Anjou, and Chianina (heaviest). In general, cows sired by breeds of British origin were lighter and shorter than those of continental origin. Differences in weight due to differences in condition seemed to be of small magnitude because making an adjustment for condition score did not affect rankings of breed groups across ages. Differences among breed groups for height were consistent with differences for weight. Cows from Chianina sires were taller than Hereford-Angus cows by 14 to 15 cm across ages. In this study, breed of sire effects were significantly different for the mature size of their daughters.     

Breed comparisons of Angus,Brahman, Hereford,Pinzgauer, Sahiwal,and Tarentaise for weight,weight adjusted for condition score,height, and body condition score

Data from topcross cows (n = 468) from six breeds of sire (Angus, Brahman, Hereford, Pinzgauer, Sahiwal, Tarentaise) and two breeds of dam (Angus and Hereford) of Cycle III of the Germplasm Evaluation (GPE) program at the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center (MARC) comprising cow weight (CW, n = 9,012), height (CH, n = 9,010), and condition score (CS, n = 8,991) recorded in four seasons per year from 2 to 6 yr of age were used to estimate breed-group differences. The mixed models included cow age, season of measurement and their interactions, year of birth, pregnancy-lactation code (PL), and breed group as fixed effects for CW and CS. Analyses of weight adjusted for condition score included CS as a linear covariate. Model for CH excluded PL. Random effects were additive genetic and permanent environmental effects. Differences among breed-groups were significant for all traits for different ages and were maintained across ages, with few interchanges in ranking through maturity. Cows with Sahiwal sires were lightest (392 to 479 kg), whereas Hereford-Angus (HA) reciprocal-cross cows were shortest (119 to 123 cm) at each age. Cows with Brahman sires were heaviest and tallest among breed groups at all ages, exceeding HA cows by 19 to 24 kg and 9 to 10 cm, respectively. Cows with Pinzgauer and Tarentaise sires were intermediate for weight and height and interchanged ranking across ages. Differences in weight due to differences in condition seemed to be of small magnitude because adjustment for condition score did not affect rankings of breed groups across ages. Important changes for mature size of cows can be achieved by breed substitution with the breeds of sires used in this study.     

Breed comparisons of Angus,Charolais, Hereford,Jersey, Limousin,Simmental, and South Devon for weight,weight adjusted for body condition score,height, and body condition score of cows

Breed means and differences for weight (CW, n = 19,851), height (CH, n = 14,553), and condition scores (CS, n = 19,536) recorded in four seasons per year were evaluated for 881 cows ranging from 2 to 7 yr of age from Cycle I of the Germplasm Evaluation Program at the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center. Cows were straightbred Herefords and Angus and topcrosses from mating of Hereford, Angus, South Devon, Jersey, Simmental, Limousin, and Charolais sires to Hereford and Angus dams. The model included cow age, season of measurement, and their interactions, with year of birth, pregnancy-lactation (PL) code, and breed group as fixed effects for CW and CS. Analyses of weight adjusted for condition score included CS as covariate. Model for CH excluded PL. Random effects were additive genetic and permanent environmental effects. Data were analyzed by REML. Differences due to breeds of sire were significant for all traits. Differences were generally maintained across ages, with few interchanges in ranking through maturity. Rankings were in the following order: Jersey (lightest and shortest), Hereford-Angus (and reciprocal), Limousin, South Devon, Simmental, and Charolais (heaviest and tallest). The only exception was that Limousin-sired cows were heavier than South Devon-sired cows after 5 yr of age. Cows sired by breeds of British origin tended to be lighter than breeds of continental European origin. Adjustment for condition score changed estimates of breed differences. Rankings of breed groups, however, were generally the same for actual weight and weight adjusted for condition score. Results indicated that the part of the differences in weight due to differences in condition were of small magnitude. Differences tended to increase when adjusted for condition score, especially in contrasts of continental vs British breeds. Differences among breed groups for height followed differences for weight closely.     

气相色谱法检测沙咪珠利中的残留溶剂

建立了同步测定沙咪珠利中甲醇、乙醇和甲苯残留溶剂的气相色谱法。采用DB-WAX（30m×0．25mm×0．25μm）毛细管柱,程序升温,初始60℃,保持4min,50℃／min升至80℃,保持1min。再以100℃／min升至200℃。保持4min;载气为氮气,直接进样,测定残留溶剂含量。甲醇、乙醇和甲苯线性范围分别为31．68～506．8、18．96～758．4、8．64～138．7μg/mL（R^2：0．9958～0．9971）,定量限分别为2．091、1．564、0．572μg／kg,精密度RSD均小于5％,平均回收率为99．87％-100．39％。采用气相色谱方法可同时测定沙咪珠利中残留的甲醇、乙醇和甲苯的含量,方法简便准确。     

Changes in plasma melanocyte-stimulating hormone,ACTH, prolactin,GH, LH,FSH, and thyroid-stimulating hormone in response to injection of sulpiride,thyrotropin-releasing hormone,or vehicle in insulin-sensitive and -insensitive mares

Six insulin-sensitive and 6 insulin-insensitive mares were used in a replicated 3 by 3 Latin square design to determine the pituitary hormonal responses (compared with vehicle) to sulpiride and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), 2 compounds commonly used to diagnose pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) in horses. Mares were classified as insulin sensitive or insensitive by their previous glucose responses to direct injection of human recombinant insulin. Treatment days were February 25, 2012, and March 10 and 24, 2012. Treatments were sulpiride (racemic mixture, 0.01 mg/kg BW), TRH (0.002 mg/kg BW), and vehicle (saline, 0.01 mL/kg BW) administered intravenously. Blood samples were collected via jugular catheters at −10, 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min relative to treatment injection. Plasma ACTH concentrations were variable and were not affected by treatment or insulin sensitivity category. Plasma melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) concentrations responded (P < 0.01) to both sulpiride and TRH injection and were greater (P < 0.05) in insulin-insensitive mares than in sensitive mares. Plasma prolactin concentrations responded (P < 0.01) to both sulpiride and TRH injection, and the response was greater (P < 0.05) for sulpiride; no effect of insulin sensitivity was observed. Plasma thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations responded (P < 0.01) to TRH injection only and were higher (P < 0.05) in insulin-sensitive mares in almost all time periods. Plasma LH and FSH concentrations varied with time (P < 0.05), particularly in the first week of the experiment, but were not affected by treatment or insulin sensitivity category. Plasma GH concentrations were affected (P < 0.05) only by day of treatment. The greater MSH responses to sulpiride and TRH in insulin-insensitive mares were similar to, but not as exaggerated as, those observed by others for PPID horses. In addition, the reduced TSH concentrations in insulin-insensitive mares are consistent with our previous observation of elevated plasma triiodothyronine concentrations in hyperleptinemic horses (later shown to be insulin insensitive as well).     

Conjunctival fungal flora in horses, cattle, dogs, and cats

Conjunctival swab specimens were obtained from both eyes of 43 horses, 25 cows, 50 dogs, and 25 cats without keratitis or other ophthalmologic problems. Fungi were isolated from 95% of the horses, 100% of the cows, 22% of the dogs, and 40% of the cats. Aspergillus spp were isolated from 56% of the horses, 12% of the cows, 8% of the cats, and none of the dogs. Penicillium spp and Cladosporium spp were isolated ubiquitously. Collectively, 28 species from 209 isolants were identified.     

Effects of butorphanol, flunixin, levorphanol, morphine, and xylazine in ponies

The analgesic and behavioral effects of butorphanol (0.22 mg/kg), flunixin (2.2 mg/kg), levorphanol (0.033 mg/kg), morphine (0.66 mg/kg), and xylazine (2.2 mg/kg), given IM were observed in 8 ponies. These ponies were instrumented to measure response objectively to painful superficial and visceral stimuli. Effects on the cardiopulmonary system and rectal temperature also were evaluated in 6 of these ponies. Observations were conducted before drug injection (base-line values) and after injection at 30, 60, 120, 180, and 240 minutes. Xylazine provided the highest pain threshold for the first 60 minutes and a sedative effect for 105 minutes. The effects for superficial pain and visceral pain persisted 3 hours and 4 hours, respectively. Morphine produced good analgesia for superficial pain (30 minutes), whereas butorphanol provided good effect for visceral pain (4 hours). A slight degree of analgesia for visceral pain was obtained after morphine (1 hour) and levorphanol (4 hours); flunixin did not induce analgesia. Butorphanol, levorphanol, and morphine stimulated motor activity. Behavioral effects did not occur after flunixin was given. Xylazine decreased systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressures. Marked increases in these pressures, heart rate, and respiratory rate were observed after morphine was given. Changes of central venous pressure, rectal temperature, and blood gas values remained within base-line limits after both drugs were given. Butorphanol increased heart rates for 1 hour; flunixin and levorphanol did not alter any of the above values.     

Rumen fluid,feces, milk,water, feed,airborne dust,and bedding microbiota in dairy farms managed by automatic milking systems

Microbiota of the gut, milk, and cowshed environment were examined at two dairy farms managed by automatic milking systems (AMS). Feed, rumen fluid, feces, milk, bedding, water, and airborne dust were collected and the microbiota on each was assessed by Illumina MiSeq sequencing. The most abundant taxa in feed, rumen fluid, feces, bedding, and water were Lactobacillaceae, Prevotellaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Lactobacillaceae, respectively, at both farms. Aerococcaceae was the most abundant taxon in milk and airborne dust microbiota at farm 1, and Staphylococcaceae and Lactobacillaceae were the most abundant taxa in milk and airborne dust microbiota at farm 2. The three most prevalent taxa (Aerococcaceae, Staphylococcaceae, and Ruminococcaceae at farm 1 and Staphylococcaceae, Lactobacillaceae, and Ruminococcaceae at farm 2) were shared between milk and airborne dust microbiota. Indeed, SourceTracker indicated that milk microbiota was related with airborne dust microbiota. Meanwhile, hierarchical clustering and canonical analysis of principal coordinates demonstrated that the milk microbiota was associated with the bedding microbiota but clearly separated from feed, rumen fluid, feces, and water microbiota. Although our findings were derived from only two case studies, the importance of cowshed management for milk quality control and mastitis prevention was emphasized at farms managed by AMS.