不同地理株柔嫩艾美耳球虫免疫保护性研究

为了研究柔嫩艾美耳球虫(E.tenella)不同地理株的免疫保护性,试验采用E.tenella广州株、保定株、长春株、山东株、黑龙江株对AA肉鸡分别进行免疫和攻虫,通过OPG计数、粪便计分、盲肠病变计分、增重测定、保护率计算、CD4+T淋巴细胞和CD8+T淋巴细胞检测评价免疫保护效果。结果表明:广州株对于同株攻虫的免疫保护率显著高于其他虫株(P0.05);广州株、保定株、山东株、长春株、黑龙江株对于其他株攻虫的平均免疫保护率分别为72.8%、66.5%、63.7%、58.2%、52.7%,广州株极显著高于长春株和黑龙江株(P0.01);各株均能引起2种T淋巴细胞数量增加。说明E.tenella不同地理株的免疫保护性不同。     

柔嫩艾美耳球虫杂交株对亲本株的免疫保护性研究

为探讨柔嫩艾美耳球虫杂交株对亲本株的免疫保护性,本研究用柔嫩艾美耳球虫(Eimeria tenella)杂交株及其亲本广州株、长春株、黑龙江株分别对AA肉鸡进行免疫和攻虫,通过OPG计数、粪便计分、盲肠病变计分、增重测定和保护率等指标评价免疫保护效果。结果表明E.tenella杂交株对其亲本广州株、长春株、黑龙江株的感染具有较强的免疫保护效果,保护率分别为83.9%、79.1%和81.2%;杂交株免疫肉鸡的盲肠病变计分和粪便计分显著低于广州株、长春株和黑龙江株(p0.05)。杂交株免疫后的肉鸡再用亲本株攻虫,采血进行CD4+T、CD8+T细胞检测,结果杂交株能引起两种T细胞数量增加,表明CD4+T、CD8+T细胞在球虫免疫中起着重要作用。     

雏鸡感染毒害艾美耳球虫后免疫器官T细胞亚群的动态变化

采用ABC法检测了毒害艾美耳球虫（Eimeria necatrix）初次、二次感染雏鸡后，其免疫器官T细胞亚群的动态变化。结果发现：雏鸡初次感染E．necatrix后，其胸腺和脾脏的CD4^＋T细胞和CD8^＋T细胞于感染后4～21d不同程度高于未感染的对照雏鸡，14～16d达峰值，随后缓慢下降。其中CD4^＋T细胞较CD8^＋T细胞增殖辐度大，持续时间也较长。Enecatrix二次感染雏鸡后，上述免疫器官的CD4^＋T细胞和CD8^＋T细胞数量在感染后2～7d呈下降趋势，随后回升，至10～14d明显高于对照和初次感染雏鸡。其中CD8^＋T细胞在二次感染后降幅较小，回升更迅速，增殖幅度也较大。表明鸡CD4^＋T细胞和CD8^＋T细胞在抵抗E．necatrix感染的不同时期发挥不同的作用。     

中药"球康"对E.tenella感染鸡肠道CD4+和CD8+T细胞的影响

本试验采用免疫组化方法检测球虫感染鸡肠道组织中CD4^＋、CD8^＋T细胞数量,探讨中药“球康”抗球虫的作用机理。试验共设不感染不给药组、不感染给“球康”组（2％拌料）、感染给“球康”组和感染不给药组共4组。感染球虫后第2、4、5、7和9天,每组随机捕杀4只鸡,采取盲肠中段进行检测。结果,雏鸡感染球虫后,盲肠组织中CD4^＋、CD8^＋T细胞数量显著高于不感染组,感染给中药“球康”组鸡CD4＋T细胞数量在第2,4,5和9天均高于感染不给药组,在第4天和第5天差异显著（P＜0．05）;CD8＋T细胞数量在第2,5,7和9天高于感染不给药组,第5天差异显著（P＜0．05）,第7天达到最高峰。说明中药“球康”通过增加球虫感染鸡肠道黏膜CD4^＋、CD8^＋T细胞数量,提高细胞免疫水平,以增强机体对球虫的抑杀作用。     

H9N2亚型禽流感流行株灭活疫苗种毒的筛选

为研究中药对柔嫩艾美尔球虫感染鸡免疫水平的影响,本实验采用流式细胞技术检测柔嫩艾美尔球虫感染鸡外周血CD4^＋T细胞亚群,以及CD8^＋T细胞亚群数目的动态变化。结果表明,接种球虫后,     

贫血病雏鸡Lasota疫苗免疫后免疫器官组织T细胞亚群变化

应用微波间接酶标抗体染色法(WIEAS)对鸡贫血病毒(CAV)感染雏鸡Lasota疫苗免疫后免疫器官组织的CD4^ 、CD8^ T细胞数量及CD4^-与CD8^ T细胞比值的变化进行了动态研究，结果发现，CAV感染1日龄雏鸡Lasota疫苗免疫后，其胸腺、脾脏和盲肠扁桃体的CD4^ 、CD8^ T细胞数量及CD4^ 与CD8^ T细胞比值均程度不同地低于CAV未感染Lasota疫苗免疫对照雏鸡。表明，CAV感染雏鸡免疫器官组织对Lasota疫苗的细胞免疫应答机能降低或减弱。     

米糠多糖对雏鸡T细胞免疫功能的影响

为探讨米糠多糖（RBS）对不同免疫状态雏鸡免疫功能的影响,本试验采用流式细胞技术检测了健康雏鸡、环磷酰胺（CTX）处理雏鸡和人工感染IBDV雏鸡等三种免疫状态雏鸡在服用米糠多糖（剂量150mg／kg·d））和不服用米糠多糖情况下,外周血CD4^＋和CD8^＋T淋巴细胞亚群数量的动态变化。结果显示,口服米糠多糖能够提高健康雏鸡外周血中CD4^＋T淋巴细胞比率,对CD81淋巴细胞作用不明显;米糠多糖对CTX和IBDV引起试验雏鸡外周血中CD4^＋和CD8^＋T淋巴细胞亚群减少具有一定的抑制作用。     

鸡IL-6真核表达载体的构建及其对新城疫LaSota疫苗的免疫增强作用研究

利用RT—PCR方法从ConA诱导的鸡脾淋巴细胞RNA中扩增出IL-6基因,与pCI—neo连接构建真核表达质粒pCI—IL-6,并研究pCI—IL-6在CEF细胞中的表达及其对新城疫LaSota疫苗的免疫增强作用。研究发现,pCI—IL-6在CEF细胞中得到表达,pCI—IL-6和LaSota疫苗联合免疫组HI抗体、CD4^＋、CD8^＋和CD3^＋T淋巴细胞百分含量从免疫后第14天起均高于LaSota疫苗单独免疫组。其中,HI抗体效价在第14、21和35天时差异显著（P〈0．05）,在第28天时差异极显著（P〈0．01）;CD4^＋、CD8^＋和CD3^＋T淋巴细胞百分含量在第14天后表现为差异显著（P〈0．05）或极显著（P〈0．01）。在免疫后第35天进行攻毒,pCI—IL-6和LaSota疫苗联合免疫组的保护率为89．5％,而LaSota疫苗单独免疫组的保护率为76．5％。结果表明,pCI—IL-6真核表达质粒在鸡体内成功表达,并能明显提高新城疫LaSota疫苗的免疫效果,具有免疫增强作用。     

猪瘟免疫猪接种PRRSV Nsp2Δ1882-2241弱毒疫苗后免疫应答及T细胞表型变化特征

选择17头28日龄的CSFV和PRRSV抗体均为阴性的仔猪,于试验的第1天和第14天分别对其进行猪瘟耐热保护剂活疫苗（兔源）和高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征Nsp2A1882—2241弱毒疫苗免疫。在免疫后的第28、42天采集外周血液,分析特异性抗体表达量和外周血T淋巴细胞表型的变化,评估猪瘟免疫对猪繁殖与呼吸综合征免疫的影响。结果显示,在CSF免疫后第28、42天,CSFV高抗组中的CD4^＋、CD4^＋／CD8^＋、CD4^＋CD8^＋和CD4-CD8数目均比CSFV低抗组高,CD3^＋和CD8^＋细胞数量比CSFV低抗组低;PRRS高抗组中,CD4CD8-细胞含量高于PRRS低抗组;在CSF免疫后第28天,CSFV抗体产生较高（阳性比率为73．33％）,PRRSV抗体产生较低（阳性比率仅为6．67％）。在CSF免疫后的第42天,CSF高抗组中PRRSV抗体阳性比率较CSF低抗组高8．33％。结果表明,CSFV特异性抗体产生高时能增加PRRSV特异性细胞免疫应答,增加CD4^＋细胞、CD4^＋CD8^＋细胞数量,提高机体免疫水平。CD3＋和CD4CD8-细胞应答作用值得重视。     

禽传染性支气管炎脂质体、壳聚糖/DNA疫苗免疫效果比较研究

将制备的禽传染性支气管炎脂质体／DNA疫苗和壳聚糖／DNA疫苗，分别以肌肉注射（i．m）和滴鼻、点眼（i．n）两种途径免疫健康雏鸡，以裸DNA疫苗为对照，采用流式细胞仪（FACS）及间接ELISA分别对免疫鸡外周血中CD4^＋、CD8^＋T淋巴细胞数及特异性IBV血清抗体IgG的动态变化进行检测，并于免疫后35d进行攻毒，结果显示：（1）CD4^＋T淋巴细胞数，所有试验组在免疫后1～3周左右均高于对照组（P〈0．01或P〈0．05），各试验组间，脂质体／DNA疫苗肌肉注射途径在免疫后10d后高于壳聚糖／DNA疫苗，但仅在第15天差异显著（P〈0．05），而滴鼻、点眼途径则相反；（2）所有试验组CD8^＋T淋巴细胞数仅在免疫后第15天与对照组差异显著（P〈0．05），各试验组间无显著差异；（3）所有组间特异性IBV血清抗体IgG动态变化差异不显著；攻毒后脂质体／DNA疫苗肌肉注射组无鸡只死亡，其他试验组有4％或8％死亡率，均显著低于对照组（12％）。由此可见，脂质体和壳聚糖均为DNA疫苗良好的佐剂或载体，且脂质体／DNA疫苗肌肉注射的免疫效果优于壳聚糖／DNA疫苗。     

猪瘟病毒感染对猪外周血T淋巴细胞亚群及TNF-α和IFN-γ的影响

为探讨猪瘟病毒(CSFV)弱毒株T株和野毒株G株感染对猪外周血T淋巴细胞亚群、TNF-α和IFN-γ的影响,本研究应用流式细胞术和ELISA等方法检测CSFV感染猪与未感染猪的白细胞凋亡、CD4+与CD8+T淋巴细胞亚群数量的动态变化以及TNF-α和IFN-γ的动态变化。结果表明,猪感染CSFV T株和G株第4 d和第7 d后CD4+T淋巴细胞比例分别为28.6%、26%和26%、20%,未感染前分别为33.4%和36.8%。猪感染CSFV T株和G株第4 d、第7 d后CD8+T淋巴细胞比例分别为41%、32%和38%、25%,感染前分别为43.8%和48.8%。外周血白细胞凋亡的检测结果显示,猪感染CSFV T株和G株第7 d后,白细胞凋亡比例分别为8.35%和9.89%,未感染的猪为1.63%。ELISA检测结果表明,猪感染CSFV T株和G株第7 d后,TNF-α的产生量分别为553.4 pg/mL和594.2 pg/mL;IFN-γ的产生量分别为8.2 pg/mL和9.8 pg/mL,未感染猪分别为498 pg/mL、12.5 pg/mL。以上结果提示,CSFV感染会引起机体免疫相关细胞及免疫分子发...     

传染性法氏囊病病毒超强毒感染SPF鸡免疫器官中CD4+和CD8+T淋巴细胞动态分布

利用免疫组织化学染色对传染性法氏囊病病毒（IBDV）超强毒LX株感染SPF鸡免疫器官中CD4^ 和CD8^ T淋巴细胞的动态分布进行了研究。超强毒LX株接种2周龄SPF雏鸡，在其法氏囊、脾脏、胸腺、盲肠扁桃体、骨髓和哈氏腺中均可检出IBDV抗原的存在和CD4^ 与CD8^ T淋巴细胞的数量改变。在法氏囊中，CD4^ 淋巴细胞主要存在于淋巴滤泡间隙和滤泡皮质，而CD8^ T淋巴细胞则丰在于整个淋巴滤泡和滤泡间隙，并且CD8^ T淋巴细胞数量明显多于CD4^ T淋巴细胞，在接种后14d仍未见CD4^ 和CD8^ T淋巴细胞数量减少。脾脏中CD4^ T淋巴细胞主要存在于外周小动脉淋巴鞘或散在，而CD8^ T淋巴细胞则多存在于外周小动脉淋巴鞘和红髓。接种后胸腺中CD4^ 和CD8^ T淋巴细胞在皮质中减少，但在髓质增多，尤其是CD8^ T淋巴细胞数明显多于CD4^＋T淋巴细胞。盲肠扁桃体中CD4^ 和CD8^ T淋巴细胞主要存在于发生中心，尤其是CD8^ T淋巴细胞数比CD4^ T淋巴细胞明显多。骨髓和哈氏腺中也可见CD4^ 和CD8^ T淋巴细胞，而且CD8^ T淋巴细胞更多。在这些淋巴器官中，病毒损伤部位出现CD4^ 和CD8^ T淋巴细胞的迁入聚集，表明T淋巴细胞可能参与IBDV超强毒的免疫致病过程。     

Differences in the kinetics of T cell accumulations in C3H/HeN (Bcg-resistant) and C57BL/6 (Bcg-susceptible) mice infected with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis

The accumulation of various T cell subsets in Bcg-susceptible (C57BL/6) and -resistant (C3H/HeN) strains of mice were compared following an intraperitoneal infection with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. Groups of mice from both strains were killed at 3, 5, 10, 15, 30, and 150 days after infection and lymphocytes were harvested from the peritoneal exudate cells (PEC), spleen, intestinal epithelial lymphocytes (IEL), lamina propria lymphocytes (LPL), Peyer's patches, and mesenteric lymph node (MLN) and labelled with monoclonal antibodies to CD3, CD4, CD8, γδ TCR, CD25, and CD44 for flow cytometric analysis. Uninfected C3H/HeN mice had higher proportions of CD4+ cells in the spleen, MLN, LPL, IEL and Peyer's patches, while uninfected C57BL/6 mice had higher proportions of CD8+ and/or γδ T cells. Significant increases in accumulation of CD8+ and γδ T cells were detected in the peritoneum and other tissues in both strains of mice after infection. Higher CD4/CD8 ratios were observed in most lymphoid tissues of C3H/HeN mice, while increased proportions of CD8+ and/or γδ T cells were present in C57BL/6 mice. These results indicate that significant differences in T cell profiles exist between these two strains of mice, both inherently and in response to infection with M. paratuberculosis. Innately lower levels of CD4+ cells and/or higher percentages of CD8+ and γδ T cells may play a role in the increased susceptibility of C57BL/6 mice to infection with M. paratuberculosis.     

Ontogeny of T lymphocytes and intestinal morphological characteristics in neonatal pigs at different ages in the postnatal period

To evaluate morphological characteristics and development of the immune system at different ages in neonatal pigs, 4 piglets were euthanized at 7, 14, and 18 d of age for collection of blood, bile, and intestinal tissue for morphological measurements. Blood was collected for differential cell counts, lymphocyte blastogenesis, immunoglobulin (Ig) concentrations, cytokine concentrations, and flow cytometric analysis. Bile was collected for quantification of Ig-A and Ig-M. Villus width and crypt depth from duodenum sections, as well as ileum crypt depth, were reduced (P < or = 0.08) in 18-d-old pigs compared with 7-d-old pigs. No age-related differences (P > or = 0.11) were observed in the number of goblet cells with neutral and acidic mucins, serum or enteric Ig concentrations, IL-2, IL-4, spontaneous lymphocyte proliferation, or leukocyte concentrations. When measured as counts per minute (cpm) and as a stimulation index (SI), lymphocyte proliferation responses to phytohaemagglutinin increased (P = 0.05) between 7 and 14 d of age; no changes (P = 0.10) occurred at 18 d of age. No age-related changes (P = 0.39) were observed in response to pokeweed mitogen (PWM) when measured as cpm; however, the SI from PWM-induced lymphocytes decreased (P = 0.04) 4-fold between 7 and 18 d of age. The CD4+:CD8+ and populations of lymphocytes expressing CD2+CD4+CD8- (T helper cells) and CD25+CD4+CD8- (activated T helper cells) were greater (P > or = 0.04) at 7 d of age than at 14 and 18 d. Populations of T lymphocytes, cytotoxic T cells (CD2+CD4-CD8+), activated lymphocytes (CD25+), and activated cytotoxic T cells (CD25+CD4-CD8+) were greater (P > or = 0.02) in 18-d-old pigs compared with 7-d-old pigs, whereas CD2+CD4-CD8- [double negative cells] were lower (P = 0.08) in 18-d-old pigs compared with 14-d-old pigs. The percentage of CD2+ T cells was 8.4% at 7 d of age, and by the time the pigs reached 18 d of age, the percentage of CD2+ T cells was 33.8%. Moreover, the percentage of gammadelta T cells was greater (P = 0.02) in 18-d-old pigs than in 7-d-old pigs (74.8 vs. 46.1%, respectively). Results indicate that the porcine immune system and gut are continuously changing as the young pig matures. Changes occurred in lymphocyte phenotypic expression and functional capabilities, as well as morphology and mucin production, and their role may be to further protect the neonate from antigenic challenge as protection from passive immunity declines.     

Differential cytokine gene expression in CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets of calves

The distinct patterns of cytokine expression in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are well understood in mice and humans. However, little information is available about cytokine expression in bovine CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. In this study, mRNA expression of 19 different cytokines was analyzed in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells of calves with or without Concanavalin A (Con A) stimulation. CD4+ and CD8+ T cell populations were enriched to 98% purity by positive selection using magnetic cell sorting (MACS). CD4+ T cells spontaneously expressed the mRNAs of interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha), IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-18, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, TNF-beta and TGF-beta, and augmented the mRNA expression of IL-10, IFN-gamma and TNF-beta after Con A stimulation. The mRNAs of IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and GM-CSF were newly expressed in Con A-stimulated CD4+ T cells. CD8+ T cells displayed spontaneous mRNA expression of IL-6, IL-18, TNF-alpha, TNF-beta and TGF-beta, and newly expressed the mRNA of IL-2, IL-7, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and GM-CSF after Con A stimulation. It was found that CD4+ T cells expressed the mRNA of 17 cytokines except for IL-12 and IL-15, while CD8+ T cells expressed only the mRNA of 9 cytokines after Con A stimulation. The profile of cytokine mRNA expression was substantially different in the CD4+ and CD8+ T cells of calves, indicating that CD4+ T cells can be distinguished from CD8+ T cells by the cytokine gene expression of IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-8, IL-10 and IL-13. Differential cytokine expression between CD4+ and CD8+ T cells serve to interpret an individual function of T cell subsets in the immune system of calves.     

Development of γδ T cell subset responses in gnotobiotic pigs infected with human rotaviruses and colonized with probiotic lactobacilli

γδ T cell responses are induced by various viral and bacterial infections. Different γδ T cells contribute to activation and regulation of the inflammatory response and to epithelial repair. How γδ T cells respond to rotavirus infection and how the colonization of probiotics influences the γδ T cell response were unknown. In this study, we evaluated by multicolor flow cytometry the frequencies and distribution of total γδ T cells and three major subsets (CD2-CD8-, CD2+CD8- and CD2+CD8+) in ileum, spleen and blood of gnotobiotic (Gn) pigs at early (3-5 days) and late phases (28 days) after rotavirus infection. The Gn pigs were inoculated with the virulent human rotavirus Wa strain and colonized with a mixture of two strains of probiotics Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus reuteri. In na?ve pigs, the highest frequency of total γδ T cells was found in blood, followed by spleen and ileum at the early age (8-10 days old) whereas in older pigs (32 days of age) the highest frequency of total γδ T cells was found in ileum and spleen followed by blood. Rotavirus infection significantly increased frequencies of intestinal total γδ T cells and the putatively regulatory CD2+CD8+ γδ T cell subset and decreased frequencies of the putatively proinflammatory CD8- subsets in ileum, spleen and blood at post-infection days (PID) 3 or 5. The three γδ T cell subsets distributed and responded differently after rotavirus infection and/or lactobacilli colonization. The CD2+CD8+ subset contributed the most to the expansion of total γδ T cells after rotavirus infection in ileum because more than 77% of the total γδ T cells there were CD2+CD8+ cells. There was an additive effect between lactobacilli and rotavirus in inducing total γδ T cell expansion in ileum at PID 5. The overall effect of lactobacilli colonization versus rotavirus infection on frequencies of the CD2+CD8+ γδ T cell subset in ileum was similar; however, rotavirus-infected pigs maintained significantly higher frequencies of CD8- subsets in ileum than lactobacilli-colonized pigs. The dynamic γδ T cell responses suggest that γδ T cell subsets may play important roles in different stages of immune responses after rotavirus infection and probiotic colonization. The knowledge on the kinetics and distribution patterns of γδ T cell subsets in na?ve pigs and after rotavirus infection or lactobacilli colonization provides the foundation for further mechanistic studies of their functions.     

Flow cytometric analysis of T-lymphocyte subsets in cats.

We report a rapid, reliable method for the immunophenotype analysis of feline lymphocytes. Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) conjugated to murine monoclonal antibodies f43, Fel 7 and fCD8 was used to identify phenotypes corresponding to feline T-cells, CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells. For isolation of white blood cells, whole blood lysis was faster, less variable and required much less sample than density gradient separation. To identify feline CD4+ and CD8+ cells simultaneously, directly conjugated FITC-fCD8 and phycoerythrin (PE) fCD4 (Fel 7) were used in two-color analysis. The two T cell sub-populations were non-overlapping. Dual-label and single-label values were not significantly different. Mean lymphocyte subset percentages in conventional and specific-pathogen-free (SPF) cats did not differ significantly. These values were: pan T lymphocytes (f43), 54.8%, CD4+ cells (Fel 7), 33.9%, and CD8+ cells (fCD8), 19.1%. Mean CD4/CD8 ratio was 1.9 in normal cats; the range was 1.2-2.6.     

Detection of the meq gene in the T cell subsets from chickens infected with Marek's disease virus serotype 1

The meq gene was thought to be only detected in Marek's disease virus serotype 1 (MDV 1) including a very virulent strain, Md5, while L-meq, in which a 180-bp sequence is inserted into the meq open reading frame, is found in other strains of MDV 1, such as CVI 988/R6. However, both meq and L-meq were previously detected by PCR in chickens infected with MDV 1, suggesting that MDV 1 may consists of at least two subpopulations, one with meq, the other with L-meq. To further analyze these subpopulations, we analyzed the time course changes in distribution of these subpopulations among T cell subsets from chickens infected with MDV 1. Both meq and L-meq were detected in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells infected with strain Md5 or CVI 988/R6. The shift in MDV subpopulations from one displaying meq to the other displaying L-meq and/or the conversion from meq to L-meq occurred mainly in the CD8+ T cell subset from Md5-infected chickens. PCR products corresponding to L-meq rather than meq were frequently amplified from the CD8+ T cell subset from CVI 988/R 6 -infected chickens. These results suggest that a dominant subpopulation of MDV 1 changes depending on the T cell subsets, and that L-meq is dominantly present in the CD8+ T cells which play a role in the clearance of pathogenic agents.     

我国部分地区新城疫病毒分离株生物学特性的研究

从北京、昌黎、广州、长春、四平、青岛等地区采集疑似新城疫病鸡的病料，通过鸡胚接种分离出6株病毒，经血凝、血凝抑制试验和形态学观察，鉴定为新城疫病毒（NDV），分别命名为北京株、昌黎株、广州株、长春株、四平株、青岛株。测定了这6株NDV的致死鸡胚的平均时间（MDT）和脑内致病指数（ICPI），MDT分别为58．2，64．5，55．2，96。0．61．2和57．9h，ICPI分别为1．66，1．45，1．60，0．69，1．45和1．65。由这两项指标判定北京株、广州株、青岛株为强毒株，昌黎株和四平株为中强毒株，长春株为弱毒株。此外,还测定了6株NDV的血凝谱，各毒株均能凝集鸡和人（O型血）的红细胞，对猪、山羊、绵羊、牛和马的红细胞凝集作用有差异。     

Flow cytometric characterization of T lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood of Chinese rhesus macaques: normal range, age- and sex-related differences

Available data on the normal levels of white blood cell populations in healthy rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) originated and living in China is scanty. To obtain such data, blood samples from 150 Chinese rhesus macaques were collected and the normal range of white blood cells and their subsets were analyzed according to age and sex by flow cytometry. CBC data showed that the count of total white blood cells and lymphocytes decreased with age. Phenotypic analysis of CD4 and CD8 expression on CD3+ T lymphocytes showed that the percentage of CD4+ T cells (51.4+/-9.6%), CD4-CD8- T cells (8.5+/-4.1%) and the ratio of CD4+ T to CD8+ T cells (1.26+/-0.55) decreased with age; and the percentage of CD8+ T cells (42.0+/-9.7%), CD4+CD8+ T cells (1.3+/-0.9%) and CD3+ lymphocytes (55.3+/-13.3%) increased with age. However, no statistically significant difference was observed between the male and female groups in most parameters in these monkeys except for the percentage of CD4+CD8+ T cells. This study provided basic information about blood cell count and T lymphocyte subsets in Chinese rhesus macaques. It may be useful for comparative studies using Indian and Chinese rhesus macaques.