中华人民共和国农产品质量安全法

(2006年4月29日第十届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二十一次会议通过)目录第一章总则第二章农产品质量安全标准第三章农产品产地第四章农产品生产第五章农产品包装和标识第六章监督检查第七章法律责任第八章附则第一章总则第一条为保障农产品质量安全,维护公众健康,促进农业和农村经济发展,制定本法。     

中华人民共和国农产品质量安全法(2006年4月29日第十届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二十一次会议通过)

目录 第一章 总则 第二章 农产品质量安全标准 第三章 农产品产地 第四章 农产品生产 第五章 农产品包装和标识 第六章 监督检查 第七章 法律责任 第八章 附则 第一章 总则 第一条 为保障农产品质量安全,维护公众健康,促进农业和农村经济发展,制定本法. 第二条 本法所称农产品,是指来源于农业的初级产品,即在农业活动中获得的植物、动物、微生物及其产品. 本法所称农产品质量安全,是指农产品质量符合保障人的健康、安全的要求. 第三条 县级以上人民政府农业行政主管部门负责农产品质量安全的监督管理工作;县级以上人民政府有关部门按照职责分工,负责农产品质量安全的有关工作.     

新疆维吾尔自治区实施《中华人民共和国农产品质量安全法》办法

(2011年7月29日新疆维吾尔自治区第十一届人民代表大会常务委员会第三十次会议通过)第一章总则第一条为了保障农产品质量安全,维护公众身体健康和生命安全,促进农业和农村经济健康发展,根据《中华人民共和国农产品质量安全法》和有关法律、法规,结合自治区实际,制定本办法。第二条在自治区行政区域内从事农产品生产、经营以及与农产品质量安全相关的活动,适用     

《农产品质量安全法》与蜂产品的质量安全

2006年4月29日,第十届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第21次会议通过了《中华人民共和国农产品质量安全法》(以下简称《农产品质量安全法》);同日,国家主席胡锦涛签署第49号主席令,公布该法。《农产品质量安全法》定于2006年11月1日起施行。全法共分8章56条,分别是总则、农产品质量安全标准、农产品产地、农产品生产、农产品包装和标识、监督检查、法律责任和附则等章节。细读全文,深切感受到与养蜂生产和蜂产品质量的直接关联。1《农产品质量安全法》涵盖蜂产品质量安全第一章总则第一条:“为保障农产品质量安全,维护公众健康,促进农业和农村…     

农产品包装和标识管理办法

第一章总则第一条为规范农产品生产经营行为,加强农产品包装和标识管理,建立健全农产品可追溯制度,保障农产品质量安全,依据《中华人民共和国农产品质量安全法》,制定本办法。第二条农产品的包装和标识活动应当符合本办法规定。第三条农业部负责全国农产品包装和标识的监督管理     

农产品质量安全监测管理办法

中华人民共和国农业部令2012年第7号《农产品质量安全监测管理办法》业经2012年6月13日农业部第7次常务会议审议通过,现予公布,自2012年10月1日起施行。部长:韩长赋2012年8月14日第一章总则第一条为加强农产品质量安全管理,规范农产品质量安全监测工作,根据《中华人民共和国农产品质量安全法》、《中华人民共和国食品安全法》和《中华人民共和国食品安全法实施条例》,制定本办法。     

中华人民共和国农产品质量安全法

第一章总则 第一夺为保障农产品质量安全，维护公众健康，促进农业和农村经济发展，制定本法。第二夺本法所称农产品，是指来源于农业的初级产品，即在农业话动中获得的植物、动物、微生物匣其产品。     

中华人民共和国农产品质量安全法

第一章 总则 第一条为保障农产品质量安全,维护公众健康,促进农业和农村经济发展,制定本法.     

中华人民共和国畜牧法(1)

目录第一章总则第二章畜禽遗传资源保护第三章种畜禽品种选育与生产经营第四章畜禽养殖第五章畜禽交易与运输第六章质量安全保障第七章法律责任第八章附则第一章总则第一条为了规范畜牧业生产经营行为,保障畜禽产品质量安全,保护和合理利用畜禽遗传资源,维护畜牧业生产经营者的     

中华人民共和国农业部令

《农产品质量安全监测管理办法》业经2012年6月13日农业部第7次常务会议审议通过,现予公布,自2012年10月1日起施行. 部长:韩长赋 2012年8月14日 农产品质量安全监测管理办法 第一章 总则 第一条 为加强农产品质量安全管理,规范农产品质量安全监测工作,根据《中华人民共和国农产品质量安全法》、《中华人民共和国食品安全法》和《中华人民共和国食品安全法实施条例》,制定本办法. 第二条 县级以上人民政府农业行政主管部门开展农产品质量安全监测工作,应当遵守本办法. 第三条 农产品质量安全监测,包括农产品质量安全风险监测和农产品质量安全监督抽查.     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.