高寒地区奶牛饲料中添加复合预混料的应用效果

选择12头处于泌乳中期的荷期坦牛，配对分为对照组与试验组，每组6头。试验组牛基础日粮中添加占精料1％的奶牛复合预混料，对照组扣饲喂基础日粮。经62d的试验，结果表明：试验组牛头均每天比对照组牛多产奶2．03kg，差异显著（P＜0．05），产奶量比对照组提高10．33％，两组牛的乳脂率和乳蛋白质分别为3．4％和2．7％，组间无差异；试验组牛头均比对照组牛增加纯收入177．60元，试验组比对照组饲料利用率提高10．55％，经济效益显著。     

奶牛日粮中添加硫酸钠对产奶量的影响

选择8头处于泌乳中期的荷斯坦泌乳牛，采用配对分组法，分为对照组和试验组，每组4头，对照组饲喂基础日粮，试验组在基础日粮中添加占精料量0．8％的硫酸钠，经40天的试验，结果表明：试验组比对照组头均每天多产奶1.07kg，产奶量提高7．1％，差异显著（P＜0．05）。试验期内试验组比对照组牛头均每天增收1．51元。     

奶牛日粮中添加硫酸钠对产奶量的影响

选择８头处于泌乳中期的荷斯坦泌乳牛，采用配对分组法，分为对照组和试验组，每组４头，对照组饲喂基础日粮，试验组在基础日粮中添加占精料量０．８％的硫酸钠，经４０天的试验，结果表明：试验组比对照组头均每天多产奶１．０７ｋｇ，产奶量提高 ７．１％，差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）。试验期内试验组比对照组牛头均每天增收 １．５１元。     

加酶益生素对泌乳牛生产性能的影响

用加酶益生素饲喂泌乳牛,结果表明,在日粮中添加饲喂０．２％加酶益生素的试验组,泌乳牛平均日产标准乳２１．１５ｋｇ,未添加饲喂加酶益生素的对照组,泌乳牛平均日产标准乳１９．１２ｋｇ,试验组比对照组提高奶量１０．６％,差异极显著。试验期间,试验组比对照组每头泌乳牛平均每天多增收２．９９元,效益十分显著。     

用干啤酒糟代替部分精料饲喂泌乳牛

通过研究,利用干啤酒糟代替日粮中20％的精料饲喂泌乳牛对其产奶性能的影响,试验组结果表明,每头泌乳牛平均日产标准乳18．26kg,饲喂原日粮的对照组,每头泌乳牛平均日产标准乳18．56kg,饲喂原日粮的对照组,每头泌乳牛平均日产标准乳18．56kg。试验组比对照组减少产乳量1．6％,差异不显著（P〉0．05）。在30天试验期间,试验组平均每头牛每天获毛利19．44元,     

腐殖酸脲饲喂泌乳牛试验

选择10头处于泌乳中期的荷斯坦奶牛,采用配对分组法,每组5头。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组用腐殖酸脲取代基础日粮豆饼供给量的40%。结果表明:试验组与对照组日均产奶量分别为15.35kg和15.54kg,差异不显著(p>0.05)。试验组牛每头每天节省豆饼574g,试验期内头日节约饲草料费0.58元,效益明显。     

复合酶制剂对奶牛产奶性能的影响

随着现代生物技术的发展，酶制剂作为新一代饲料添加剂在畜牧业中的应用越来越广。为了验证和推广该类产品，本试验研究了在日粮中添加复合酶制剂对泌乳牛生产性能的影响。结果表明，在日粮中添加0．2％“夏盛牌”奶牛用复合酶的试验组，泌乳牛平均日产标准乳23．71kg，未饲喂“夏盛牌”复合酶的对照组，泌乳牛平均日产标准乳20.85kg，试验组对照组提高产奶量13．72％，差异极显著（P＜0．01）。试验组平均乳脂率比对照组增加3．28％，经t检验差异显著（P＜0．05），试验期间，试验组每头泌乳牛平均每天获毛利24．60元，对照组每头泌乳牛平均每天获毛利19．96元，试验组比对照组每头牛每天多盈利4．64元。增收效益明显。     

奶牛日粮中添加硫酸钠对产奶量的影响

选择8头处于泌乳中期的荷斯坦泌乳牛,采用配对分组法,分为对照组和试验组,每组4头,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加占精料量0.8%的硫酸钠,经40天的试验,结果表明:试验组比对照组头均每天多产奶1.07kg,产奶量提高7.1%,差异显著(P<0.05)。试验期内试验组比对照组牛头均每天增收1.51元。     

炎夏日粮中添加小苏打对泌乳牛生产性能的影响

本试验对小苏打抗泌乳牛热应激的效果进行了验证，结果表明：炎夏每日饲喂80g小苏打的试验组，泌乳牛平均每天产标准乳20.1kg，乳脂率3.41%，而对照组泌乳牛平均每天产标准乳18.5kg，乳脂率3．34％。试验组比对照组提高产奶量8．6％，差异显著（P＜0．05），提高乳脂率0．07个百分点。试验期间，试验组比对照组每头奶牛每天多盈利2．22元。增收效益十分明显。     

添加复合酶制剂对育肥牛增重效果的影响

选择30头18月龄的西门塔尔牛×本地黄牛的杂种一代阉牛,随机分为试验组和对照组,每组15头。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加0．2％复合酶制剂,育肥91d,结果表明;对照组与试验组牛头均分别增重62．70kg,84．80kg,两组差异极显著（P〈0．01）,试验组较对照组头均多增重22．1kg,头均每天可增收2．39元,经济效益显著。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.