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内蒙古马铃薯施肥效应特征参数与施肥推荐 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
马铃薯是内蒙古的主要作物之一,目前生产上由于没有合适的推荐施肥方法,过量施肥现象严重,研究明确马铃薯施用氮磷钾肥的产量反应与农学效率等推荐施肥参数,构建适宜的推荐施肥方法具有重要意义。在内蒙古马铃薯主产区,采用多年多点田间试验方法结合室内分析,研究了马铃薯施用氮磷钾肥的产量反应、农学效率、养分利用率,探索养分吸收与农学效率及产量反应与农学效率的相关关系,构建基于土壤养分丰缺指标、土壤养分含量和相对产量的最佳施肥推荐。结果表明,施用N、P、K肥的产量反应(YRN、YRP和YRK)分别为4.2,3.6和2.7 t/hm~2,农学效率(AEN、AEP和AEK)分别为27.5,46.6和29.3 kg/kg。施用氮磷钾肥的产量反应与缺素区的相对产量、产量反应和农学效率之间均呈显著的相关关系,可以采用基于马铃薯产量反应和农学效率的推荐施肥方法进行马铃薯的氮磷钾肥推荐。生产1 t马铃薯吸收N、P_2O_5和K_2O分别为5.6,1.5和6.1 kg/t,由此参数可确定一定马铃薯产量下的养分吸收量。土壤速效磷、钾含量(x)和缺磷、缺钾区相对产量(y)之间有显著的线性相关关系,依据这一相关关系可以确定内蒙古马铃薯生产的土壤有效磷和土壤交换性钾的养分丰缺指标,可以采用目标产量养分吸收量与养分丰缺指标指导测土推荐施肥。因此研究明确了内蒙古马铃薯主产区施用氮磷钾肥的产量反应和农学效率等推荐施肥的相关参数,建立了基于产量反应与农学效率进行马铃薯氮磷钾养分施肥的推荐方法。 相似文献
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植物生长调节剂作为现代农业生产中重要的栽培调控措施之一,能有效解决肥水等常规栽培措施难以解决的生产问题,在提高种子活性、促进壮苗培育、提高抗倒性能、增强抗逆性、增加作物产量和改善作物品质等方面发挥着越来越重要的作用。本文在总结植物生长调节剂概念、作用机理、分类与功效等的基础上,重点探究植物生长调节剂在小麦上的主要应用目的及其调控效应机制,分析植物生长调节剂在小麦施用中存在的问题并提出相应施用规范,指出当前植物生长调节剂研发和应用中存在的不足并对其未来发展提出相应的建议,为推动植物生长调节剂在小麦高产、高效、抗逆、优质、绿色生产中的广泛应用提供参考。 相似文献
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马铃薯连作障碍及其防控的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
连作障碍现象在马铃薯生产中普遍存在,已成为制约中国马铃薯产业发展的主要原因之一。马铃薯连作障碍的形成是多个复杂因素相互作用产生的结果,包括土壤酶活性的改变、土壤养分失衡、自毒物质积累、土壤微生物区系改变、土壤次生盐渍化及酸化。如何解决马铃薯连作障碍已成为当前迫在眉睫的问题,因此针对难题具体阐述了轮作、抗性品种应用、土壤灭菌消毒、植物生长调节剂的应用和生物防治技术防控措施,以期缓解马铃薯连作障碍,从而提高马铃薯生产质量。文章综述了连作障碍对马铃薯生长发育的影响、成因和防控的关键措施,并对今后如何更有效的解决连作障碍进行了展望,为后期研究马铃薯连作障碍提供更深入的有力支撑。 相似文献
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干旱和涝渍灾害是影响作物正常生长发育常见的水分胁迫,对作物形态建成、生长发育及生理生化等代谢反应都会产生显著影响,最终导致农作物产量和品质下降。一氧化氮(NO)是植物体内一种关键的信号分子,可调控植物多种生理生化反应和发育过程,在应答植物水分胁迫方面发挥着重要作用。水分胁迫是限制麻类生产的重要因素。文章结合文献报道,重点综述了水分胁迫对植物生长发育的影响,以及NO信号分子对植物水分胁迫的应答调控机制,并对NO在麻类作物水分胁迫应答和生产应用中的前景进行了展望,以期为麻类作物抗逆栽培与品种改良提供新的思路。 相似文献
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高产创建是充分挖掘马铃薯单产潜力的有效途径。四川省春马铃薯净作和套作超高产纪录分别为73 965 kg/hm^2(2008年,万源市)和87 900 kg/hm^2(2010年,万源市)。本文通过分析超高产创建的经验,认为品种混杂、种薯质量低、平作稀窝、施肥水平低、晚疫病防治措施不当等是春马铃薯单产低而不稳的主要原因。提出选用抗病超高产型品种、创造超高产的土壤与营养环境、构建高光效群体、提高田间群体抗逆性等超高产栽培技术途径。建议采用摆播垄作覆膜、增大密度、重施有机肥、早施提苗肥、增施钾肥、"促调控"综合管理等春马铃薯超高产栽培技术措施。并提出春马铃薯要稳定实现超高产栽培必须走精确定量栽培的思路。 相似文献
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半干旱区不同覆膜方式对土壤水分温度及马铃薯产量的影响 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
结合当前生产实际,在西北半干旱区旱作梯田中,以‘庄薯3号’为试验材料,对目前旱作区马铃薯不同垄播覆膜方式进行对比试验,以探索不同栽培模式对马铃薯田间土壤温度、土壤含水量、物侯期及产量的影响。结果表明:覆膜栽培的马铃薯出苗早,生长发育较快,营养生长期延长,尤其双垄全膜黑膜覆盖能优化马铃薯农艺性状,提高马铃薯的产量,降低地温,有利于马铃薯薯块的生长,在多年高温少雨的地方,覆白色地膜栽培的马铃薯不利于其产量的增加。 相似文献
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《Field Crops Research》2006,99(1):35-47
Both intensification and diversification of cropping systems may allow improving the productivity and sustainability of agricultural production in the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP), but the choices to be made require integrated assessment of various cropping systems. A field experiment was conducted from 1999 to 2002 on a sandy clay loam (Inceptisol) to evaluate nine predominant cropping systems in West Bengal, India. Productivity, energy use efficiency, and nutrient uptake generally increased with increasing cropping intensity. Positive residual effects of potato and jute on yield and energy output of subsequently grown crops were observed as well as maintenance or improvement of soil properties such as soil organic matter, available P, and available K. The P balance was positive for most systems, except for jute-containing systems. However, negative K balances occurred due to almost complete removal of crop biomass in all systems, suggesting that recommended rates of applied K fertilizer were to low for sustaining soil K supply over the longer term. Cropping systems containing potato had the highest levels of yield, net return, benefit to cost ratio and energy productivity, but energy use efficiency was reduced due to higher energy consumption in these systems. Jute–wheat and jute–rapeseed–rice systems showed high energy use efficiency along with moderate cost and return. Based on economic considerations alone, jute–potato–rice, rice–potato–rice and rice–potato–sesame can be recommended as cropping systems for resource-rich growers in the eastern part of the IGP. Systems such as jute–wheat, rice–wheat and jute–rapeseed–rice appear to be most suitable for small and marginal farmers that cannot afford the large production costs associated with crops such as potato. 相似文献
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B. J. Zebarth W. J. Arsenault J. B. Sanderson 《American Journal of Potato Research》2006,83(4):289-296
The effect of seedpiece spacing on the efficiency of nitrogen (N) use by the potato crop is generally unknown. The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of seedpiece spacing on tuber yield, yield components and N use efficiency parameters of two potato cultivars. Potato cultivars Atlantic and Shepody were grown at two rates of N fertilization (0 or 100 kg N ha?1) and three seedpiece spacings (20, 30, or 40 cm) in 2000 to 2002. Wider seedpiece spacing increased mean tuber weight and the number of tubers per stem, but decreased total tuber yield. The higher tuber yield at the narrow seedpiece spacing was attributed to higher biomass production in combination with lower tuber specific gravity. Seedpiece spacing had no consistent effect on plant N accumulation, and therefore no consistent effect on N uptake efficiency (plant N accumulation /N supply from the soil plus fertilizer). However, a small increase in soil NO3-N concentration in the hill at topkill at wider seedpiece spacing suggested plant N accumulation was slightly reduced at wider seedpiece spacing, but at a level that could not be detected from a plant-based measure of N accumulation. The reduced dry matter accumulation, but similar plant N accumulation, resulted in lower N use efficiency (plant dry matter accumulation / N supply) at wider seedpiece spacing. Wider seedpiece spacing also resulted in generally lower values of N utilization efficiency (plant dry matter accumulation / plant N accumulation) for the 40-cm compared with the 20- and 30-cm seedpiece spacings. Effects of seedpiece spacing on N use efficiency parameters were generally consistent across cultivars and fertilizer N rates. Wider seedpiece spacing did reduce the efficiency of N use by the potato crop; however, the magnitude of the effect was small under the conditions of this study. 相似文献
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栽培密度对优质鲜食型甘薯农艺性状及产量的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
为了探讨不同密度处理对优质鲜食型甘薯农艺性状和产量的影响,选用优质鲜食型甘薯品种广薯87和福薯8号开展研究。结果表明:不同密度水平对2个甘薯品种的蔓长、蔓重、单株结薯数、单株薯重及商品薯率等主要农艺性状均有重要影响,2个品种表现不一;在不同密度水平下福薯8号产量水平部分间达极显著性差异,其中以5.4万株/hm~2的栽培密度时,其产量最高达45 562.50 kg/hm~2,不同栽培密度水平下广薯87无显著性差异。2个甘薯品种需选择适宜的栽培密度进行种植才能达到高产、高效。 相似文献