苹果（枣）树枝屑栽培香菇配方试验

为研究苹果树枝屑、枣树枝屑栽培香菇的可行性，以传统的阔叶树杂木屑为对照，在杂木屑中添加苹果树枝屑或枣树枝屑栽培香菇。结果，苹果树枝屑、枣树枝屑可以作为栽培香菇的原料，杂木屑添加枣树枝屑栽培香菇的生物学效率高于对照9%，杂木屑添加苹果树枝屑栽培香菇的生物学效率与对照相当，枣树枝屑或苹果树枝屑作为单独原料栽培香菇效果不理想。试验结果为进一步拓宽香菇的栽培原料提供了参考。     

杉木屑栽培香菇的研究

为降低香菇栽培对阔叶树资源的消耗和研究杉木屑代替杂木屑栽培香菇的可行性，通过对杉木屑与杂木屑的化学成分的分析检测、杉木屑栽培配方与品种筛选、香菇营养与毒性检测等试验．结果表明，杉木屑除半纤维素含量明显较低外，其它化学组成及含量与杂木屑基本相近，可部分替代杂木屑栽培香菇，添加比例需严格控制在50％以内，才能保持杂木屑常规配方的香菇产量水平，若杉木屑的添加比例控制在30％以内，香菇产量显著高于杂木屑常规配方，同时发现添加10％的棉籽壳有促进发菌和提高香菇产量的效果。杉木屑栽培的香菇营养成分与杂木屑香菇相当或更优，食用安全、可靠。     

不同堆积陈化时间松木屑栽培香菇试验

利用不同堆积陈化时间的松木屑栽培香菇,结果表明,松木屑的不同堆积陈化时间对香菇菌丝生长和产量有较明显的影响,但松木屑堆积陈化达5~7个月就能替代阔叶树木屑栽培香菇,并能获得一定的效益。     

毛竹屑栽培香菇的试验

毛竹含有丰富的木质素和纤维素,生长速度快,是替代木屑栽培香菇很好的材料.采用竹屑替代50％木屑对香菇品种L808、浙香6号进行栽培,试验结果表明,竹屑培养料中菌丝生长速度比在木屑培养料中快;第一潮、第二潮竹屑栽培的香菇产量低于木屑栽培,第三潮、第四潮竹屑栽培的香菇产量高于木屑栽培,总产量竹屑栽培高于木屑栽培;香菇子实体...     

松杉木屑栽香菇试验

我县是重点林业县,历史上就有用枫、槠、栲、栎等阔叶树生产香菇的传统。但我县阔叶树资源较少,而松、杉树木计有429万米~2,占总蓄积量的84％,松、杉木屑每年全县可达5000余吨。为了进一步发展香菇生产,我们借鉴上海杂木屑栽香菇的经验,于1979年开始进行松、杉木屑栽培香菇研究。经过二年来的多次重复试验,终于获得成功。     

不同果木栽培基质对香菇产量及主要养分转化的影响

为了研究不同栽培基质香菇氮、磷、钾转化规律,筛选适合香菇生产的栽培基质,本试验选择香菇"K5"为试验材料,以杂木、桑木、苹果木和枣木为栽培基质,每种基质设3个氮含量处理水平,研究了不同栽培基质下香菇产量和菌棒中氮、磷、钾的含量变化及其养分利用率。结果表明,香菇菌棒中氮、磷、钾含量均呈现先升高后降低的趋势,且在转色完成时达到最高值;枣木基质和苹果木基质栽培的香菇,其产量和菌棒中的氮、磷、钾含量以及养分利用率均处于相对较高的水平,因此,在香菇代料栽培中可以考虑使用枣木屑和苹果木屑代替传统的阔叶树木屑。     

茶树木屑基质对香菇农艺性状和营养成分的影响

开展茶枝条屑、木屑不同复混配方的试验,研究茶枝屑的添加对香菇产量与子实体形态的影响,进一步对茶树木屑栽培香菇的安全性、营养性进行比较研究.结果表明,与常规木屑培养料相比,茶枝屑取代50％的木屑生产香菇,香菇产量较对照高26.73％,香菇子实体平均厚度减少4.04％,香菇子实体菌柄平均长度增加8.59％.香菇安全性较好,...     

香菇新菌株宁香8号选育初报

采用多孢分离技术产生多个新组合，经驯化筛选获得香菇新菌株宁香8号。宁香8号菌丝生长适温10－25℃，子实体生长适温10－23℃，菌丝生长期58－60d，室内栽培生物学效率达81．60％，室外栽培生物学效率达92．85％，宁香8号不仅适于阔叶木屑栽培，亦适公杉木屑袋栽。     

柳树木屑栽培香菇新技术

香菇的栽培多数以阔叶树木屑为主料。柳树属风景树，不能成材。利用柳树资源，将柳树枝制成木屑，进行袋栽香菇生产。现将该技术简介如下：１材料与方法１．１供试菌株香菇Ｃｒ－０２，引自福建三明市真菌所。１．２培养基配方柳树木屑８０％，麸皮１８％，白糖１％，石膏粉１％。１．３菌棒制作①原种：用７５０ｃｍ菌种瓶制成，于１９９７年６月２４日接种，到７月２８日菌种发满瓶；②栽培种：菌棒用聚丙烯塑料袋，规格１７×５０×０．０５ｃｍ，菌料按配方要求。拌和均匀，含水量６５％左右，然后装袋灭菌，于１９９７年８月２４日接种…     

桑枝屑香菇与杂木屑香菇的品质比较

以桑枝屑和杂木屑为试材,采用标准及实验室常用方法对香菇营养成分进行测定,研究桑枝屑和杂木屑2种培养料对香菇产量和营养成分(蛋白质、氨基酸、脂肪、多糖、纤维、部分矿质元素)含量的影响。结果表明:桑枝屑栽培的单袋香菇产量比杂木屑的低6.4%,但生物转化率比木屑的高1.7%,粗蛋白质含量是杂木屑栽培的1.03倍,但总氨基酸含量和必需氨基酸含量都比杂木屑香菇中的略低一些;脂肪含量是杂木屑栽培的1.82倍,纤维含量是杂木屑栽培的1.01倍,多糖含量是杂木屑栽培的1.34倍;重金属铅含量仅为杂木屑的11.3%,均达到国家绿色食品标准;矿质元素除钾元素外,钙、镁、铁、锌均高于杂木屑栽培的香菇。可见,用桑枝屑栽培的香菇子实体的营养性和药用保健性优于杂木屑栽培的香菇。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.