人参皂苷及其衍生物体内抗鸡马立克氏病毒的病理组织学观察

为探讨人参皂苷及其衍生物体内抗马立克氏病毒的作用机理,试验用马立克氏病毒人工感染雏鸡模型,口服人参皂苷及其衍生物,动态观察雏鸡的组织病理学变化,并比较治疗组和病毒对照组的病变差异.结果人参皂苷和衍生物治疗组的组织结构病变程度均低于病毒对照组.说明人参皂苷及其衍生物可以降低病毒对组织的损害程度,增强雏鸡对病毒的抵抗力.     

人参皂苷及其衍生物体内抗马立克氏病毒的间接免疫荧光观察与PCR检测

为了探讨人参皂苷及其衍生物体内抗马立克氏病毒的作用机理.用马立克氏病毒人工感染雏鸡模型,采取人参皂苷及其衍生物口服,通过间接免疫荧光试验动态观察人参皂苷及其衍生物能否减少MDV抗原在组织中的分布;通过PCR检测看人参皂苷及其衍生物能否减少MDV的出现.结果显示:人参皂苷组、衍生物组被检组织的阳性细胞数量明显比盐酸吗啉胍阳性对照组被检组织的阳性细胞数量少;MDV病毒核酸的PCR检测显示,药物没有阻止病毒对组织的感染.结果表明,人参皂苷及其衍生物抗马立克氏病毒效果要优于盐酸吗啉胍.     

细胞病变观察法检测人参皂苷及其衍生物抗马立克氏病病毒的作用

为探讨人参皂苷及其衍生物体外抗马立克氏病病毒的作用机理,采用体外细胞培养法,在药物安全浓度范围内,测定人参皂苷及其衍生物对马立克氏病病毒(MDV)感染鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)的保护效果。结果显示,修饰前的人参皂苷和修饰后的衍生物7具有较好的抗病毒效果。表明人参皂苷和衍生物7可以减轻病毒对CEF细胞的损伤程度。     

人参皂苷及其衍生物抗马立克氏病毒的作用

为探讨人参皂苷及其衍生物体外抗马立克氏病毒(MDV)的作用机理,采用空斑试验测定人参皂苷及其衍生物对马立克氏病毒感染鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)的保护效果,结果发现人参皂苷及其衍生物均具有较好的抗病毒效果,特别是人参皂苷衍生物组增殖抑制的抗MDV空斑减少率达到盐酸吗啉胍的77%(55.62/72.52)。表明人参皂苷及其衍生物可以减轻病毒对CEF细胞的损伤程度。     

人参皂苷及其衍生物抗马立克氏病毒的作用

用马立克氏病毒(Marek′s disease virus,MDV)人工感染雏鸡为疾病模型,采取人参皂苷及其衍生物口服,通过间接免疫荧光试验动态观察人参皂苷及其衍生物能否减少MDV抗原在组织中的分布。结果人参皂苷组、衍生物组被检组织的阳性细胞数量明显比盐酸吗啉胍阳性对照组被检组织的阳性细胞数量少。表明人参皂苷及其衍生物抗MDV效果要优于盐酸吗啉胍。     

人参总皂苷及其衍生物抗Ⅰ型马立克氏病毒作用的电镜观察

应用透射电镜负染技术，观察人参总皂苷及其衍生物对Ⅰ型马立克氏病毒（MDVI）作用后病毒颗粒结构改变情况，旨在深入探讨人参总皂苷及其衍生物抗MDV的作用机理。结果显示，病毒颗粒变形，大小不均匀．核心缺损或均质化，包膜裸露或破损以及病毒颗粒凝集融合成块，结构模糊不清。在相同条件下衍生物比人参总皂苷对MDV的破坏作用强。提示人参总皂苷及其衍生物在体外对MDVⅠ（MDV—Ⅰ）病毒颗粒的形态结构、表面成分和分散均有破坏作用，而衍生物作用更加显著。     

马立克氏病毒感染鸡胚成纤维细胞模型的建立

用雏鸡将马立克氏病毒（MDV）血毒复壮,分离发病鸡淋巴细胞并接种于鸡胚成纤维细胞,观察其病变。获得适应鸡胚成纤维细胞（CEF）的MD强毒,通过电镜观察、琼脂扩散实验进一步鉴定病毒,并建立了MDV感染CEF细胞模型,为研究人参皂苷及其衍生物的体外抗病毒作用及其机制奠定基础。     

分子修饰前后人参皂苷体外抗马立克氏病毒鸡胚成纤维细胞模型的建立

用雏鸡将马立克氏病毒(MDV)血毒复壮,分离发病鸡淋巴细胞并接种于鸡胚成纤维细胞,观察其病变。获得适应鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)的MD强毒,通过电镜观察、琼脂扩散实验进一步鉴定病毒,并建立了MDV感染CEF细胞模型,为研究人参皂苷及其衍生物的体外抗病毒作用及其机制奠定基础。     

白术多糖对南海麻黄鸡马立克氏病疫苗免疫的影响

为了研究白术多糖对南海麻黄鸡免疫马立克氏病疫苗后的影响,试验将160只健康、体重相近的1日龄南海麻黄鸡随机分成4组,分别为对照组、马立克氏病疫苗组、白术多糖组和马立克氏病疫苗白术多糖组,每组4个重复,每个重复10只。预试1周后对照组和马立克氏病疫苗组只饲喂基础日粮,白术多糖组和马立克氏病疫苗白术多糖组在基础日粮中按体重添加200 mg/kg的白术多糖;马立克氏病疫苗组与马立克氏病疫苗白术多糖组均在8日龄和15日龄肌肉注射鸡马立克氏病活疫苗,对照组与白术多糖组未进行免疫。于试验开始前和开始后的第7,14,21,28天试验鸡以重复为单位称重,计算日增重,同时于试验开始后的第7,14,21,28天采集脾脏、胸腺、法氏囊、新鲜血液,分析脾脏指数、胸腺指数和法氏囊指数,制作切片观察第14,21,28天时的免疫器官组织形态变化,检测细胞因子肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、γ干扰素(IFN-γ)水平。结果表明：试验第28天时,白术多糖组脾脏指数显著高于对照组(P<0.05),马立克氏病疫苗白术多糖组的法氏囊指数也高于马立克氏病疫苗组;...     

鸡淋巴细胞性白血病与鸡马立克病的病理组织学诊断

为了对鸡淋巴细胞性白血病、鸡马立克病的病变器官和组织学变化进行鉴别诊断,采用病理组织学诊断方法对患淋巴细胞性白血病和马立克病的病鸡病变器官进行病理组织学观察。通过试验结果可见,鸡淋巴细胞性白血病和马立克病均可在心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肾脏和法氏囊上产生肿瘤性和出血性病理变化,但肿瘤形态和组织成分有明显不同,因此可以通过病理组织学诊断方法对鸡淋巴细胞性白血病和鸡马立克病进行鉴别诊断。     

抗马立克氏病新品系选育第四代雏鸡MDV攻毒试验结果

F4雏鸡MDV攻毒试验结果显示,亲本父母代鸡均携带No614血型基因的选育试验组,60日龄死亡率显著低于不经血型基因选育的对照组(P＜0.05);其内脏器官组织肿瘤病变率也低于该对照组,但差异不显著(P＞0.05);选育试验组鸡的肝脏的肿瘤病变率仍显著低于血型基因选育对照组和非选育对照组鸡(P＜0.05).提示No614血型基因具有一定程度的马立克氏病(MD)抗性.     

Efficacy of a bivalent vaccine against Marek's disease

A bivalent vaccine was prepared by combining inactivated Marek's disease virus and turkey herpesvirus. The efficacy of this vaccine, compared to turkey herpesvirus and inactivated Marek's disease virus separately, was studied in unsexed White Leghorn chicks which were vaccinated at one day old and then challenged at 21 days old with fowl blood infected with virulent Marek's disease virus. The bivalent vaccine appreciably delayed mortality resulting from Marek's disease and elicited the highest protective efficacy as judged on the basis of Marek's disease-specific mortality and percentage occurrence of lesions. The occurrence, extent and severity of gross lymphomas and microscopic lymphoproliferative lesions in various organs of the bivalent vaccinated birds were less than in the other challenged groups. In addition, the level of viraemia remained consistently and significantly lower in the bivalent vaccinated birds.     

实验性鸡马立克氏病羽髓病变研究

通过光镜1电镜等方法对鸡马立克氏病羽髓组织进行了形态学研究。结果显示，羽髓远端坏死，羽髓中有多量肿瘤细胞浸润，肿瘤细胞呈弥漫性或局部性浸润，电镜观察，肿瘤细胞核异型性明显，核膜凹陷，核内出现假核内包含物，在一些羽髓中，巨噬细胞吞噬肿瘤细胞较多见，而且观察到一些肿瘤细胞发生调亡，结果表明，鸡马立克氏病羽髓病变十分明显，羽髓的形态学变化可用于鸡马立克氏病的诊断。     

Effect of aflatoxin B1 on the efficacy of turkey herpesvirus vaccine against Marek's disease

The effect of feeding aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) (0.5 ppm) was studied in young chicks. The frequency and the severity of gross and microscopic lesions of Marek's disease were significantly higher in those birds which had been vaccinated with turkey herpesvirus (HVI) and birds challenged with Marek's disease virus which had been given AFB1 in the feed than in those given normal feed. The protective efficacy of HVT vaccine, as judged on the basis of gross and histopathological lesions, was 86.1 and 77.3 per cent in normally fed birds in comparison to 37.6 and 8 per cent in AFB1 fed birds.     

通过雏鸡MDV攻毒试验选择抗马立克氏病亲本

对F0、F1、F2亲本经继代No.614血型基因选择后繁殖的F2、F3雏鸡,10日龄以马立克氏病强毒（MDV）攻击至60日龄的死亡率,其父母亲对No.614抗血清呈阳性反应的试验组显著低于其父母亲对此抗血清呈阴性反应的对照组。试验组25个家系中,有14个家系的F2雏鸡死亡率显著低于对照组;F3雏鸡有21个家系的死亡率低于对照组,其中8个家系具有统计意义。肿瘤发生率,以肾脏和腺胃最高,肺脏和神经组织最低。综合血型抗原检测和MDV攻毒结果,从试验组25个家系中选留强MDV抗性家系留种繁殖,继代选育。     

Delayed replication of Marek's disease virus following in ovo inoculation during late stages of embryonal development

Several oncogenic and non-oncogenic isolates of Marek's disease virus (MDV) were inoculated into embryonated eggs on embryonation day (ED) 16 to 18, and embryos or chicks hatching from inoculated eggs were examined for infectious virus and viral internal antigen (VIA) in lymphoid organs. There was no evidence of extensive replication of MDV in any of the embryonic tissues examined. Levels of VIA peaked 4-5 days after chicks hatched. This indicated that MDV remained inactive during embryonation and did not initiate pathogenic events until chicks hatched. Because HVT replicated rapidly in the embryo but MDV did not, in ovo inoculation of HVT simultaneously with oncogenic MDV or several days after MDV resulted in significant protection (P less than 0.025) of hatched chicks against Marek's disease (MD). Little protection was obtained if HVT was given simultaneously with MDV or after MDV to chicks already hatched. The relative susceptibility of the embryo to extensive replication of the vaccine virus but not the challenge virus apparently accounted for protection against MD in chicks hatching from dually infected eggs.     

A comparison of the efficacy against Marek's disease of cell-free and cell-associated turkey herpesvirus vaccine.

One-day-old White Leghorn and broiler chicks with maternal antibody to turkey herpesvirus (HVT) were vaccinated with 300 or 1,000 plaque-forming units (PFU) of cell-free or cell-associated HVT vaccine and challenged with virulent Marek's disease virus (MDV) by contact exposure. Broiler chicks receiving 300 PFU of cell-associated HVT had a 3.3% incidence of MD lesions, whereas only 2.0% of those receiving 1,000 PFU had macroscopic lesions. Broiler chicks vaccinated with 300 PFU of cell-free vaccine had 6.8% gross lesions, and 0.67% of the birds receiving 1,000 PFU had MD lesions. Unvaccinated broiler chickens had a 28.3% incidence of MD lesions. Unvaccinated White Leghorn chickens had a 48.9% incidence of macroscopic lesions, whereas 5.4% of the birds receiving 300 PFU of cell-associated HVT had gross lesions, and 8.3% of the birds vaccinated with 1,000 PFU had lesions. In contrast, 6.7% of the chicks vaccinated with 300 PFU of cell-free HVT had MD lesions, and only 4.0% of those receiving 1,000 PFU of cell-free HVT had macroscopic lesions.