茶叶中氟含量及泡茶方式对其浸出的影响

应用氟离子选择性电极法对茶叶中氟含量进行了测定。同时，对影响茶叶中氟浸出的相关因素作了初步探讨。结果表明，茶树是富氟能力较强的植物，影响茶叶中氟浸出的主要因素是茶叶的富氟量及泡茶方式。     

土壤和固体废物中氟的测定方法研究

对土壤和固体废物中氟的测定方法进行了研究,总结了土壤和固体废物中氟的实验室分析方法,采用离子选择电极法进行一系列实验研究,并对最新发布的测定标准方法进行了性能测试,结果表明:标准曲线、检出限、精密度、正确度都能满足标准要求,质量控制结果也符合规定.     

土壤中有效磷和有效硫含量的同时测定方法研究

采用碳酸氢钠浸提土壤样品中有效磷和有效硫,用等离子光谱法(ICP-AES法)同时测定浸提液中磷和硫。试验结果表明了此方法测定土壤样品中有效磷和有效硫与用国家标准方法测定结果基本一致。该方法具有简便、快速、结果准确可靠的优点,适合批量样品的分析。     

等离子光谱法测定硅肥中有效硅含量

采用0．5mol／L稀盐酸浸提硅肥中有效硅，用等离子光谱法（ICP－AES法）测定了有效硅的含量，指出了该方法具有样品处理简单，分析速度快等优点，可以满足硅肥中有效硅测定需要。实验结果表明该法测定硅肥中有效硅与用传统方法测定结果基本一致。     

中压柱层析法分离白藜芦醇的研究

对虎杖(Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb．et Zucc．)中的白藜芦醇进行了提取分离和含量测定。考察了浸提温度、浸提液浓度、浸提时间和次数、料液比等5个因素对白藜芦醇提取的影响，确立了白藜芦醇最佳提取条件为：浸提液体积分数为95％，浸提温度60℃，料液比11:1，回流提取3次，每次60min。采用中压硅胶柱层析法分离白藜芦醇，产物经重结晶后用高效液相色谱测定含量达99．28％。结果表明所建立的制备及分离纯化工艺可用于白藜芦醇的生产。     

冬青卫矛种子色素的提取及性质研究

研究了冬青卫矛种子色素的提取条件和理化性质。结果表明,丙酮是冬青卫矛种子色素较好的浸提剂;其最佳提取条件为:料液比1∶10(g∶mL),浸提温度35℃,浸提时间40min,提取率为6.8%。对色素理化性质研究表明:该色素是脂溶性的,对热、添加物、金属离子、还原剂稳定,对酸碱均有较好的稳定性,但耐阳光性、耐氧化性较差;它为类胡萝卜素的天然色素。     

木麻黄针叶中矿质元素的快速测定

用原子吸收分光光度计对１．５ｍｏｌ．Ｌ－１盐酸浸提木麻黄针叶中钠、钙、镁等矿质元素进行测定，具有快速简单、容易操作、减少污染等特点。实验结果表明：用该方法测定木麻黄针叶中钠、钙、镁等矿质元素，变异系数小、回收率高，具有较高的精密度和较好的重现性。与国家标准法：硫酸—高氯酸湿灰化法比较，测定结果无显著差异，适合于大批量样品的分析     

用甲亚胺H酸法测定植物组织中硼含量

叙述了用甲亚胺——H试剂的比色方法在植物组织的灰分酸浸提液中作硼的测定。这个方法一贯地显示可靠的结果,在NBS果园叶子标准样品1571号的测定结果为含硼33±3ppm,其变异系数为3.2％。样品是干灰化的,其灰分用10m10.36NH_2SO_4在室温下浸提一小时。用几种酸浸提剂和浸提条件作比较,都得到了可靠的结果,但须包括加热,以及调整最后体积。     

密闭微波消解液中除去氟离子的方法探讨

利用微波消解的预处理技术对土壤样品进行消解后,样液中由于氢氟酸的存在,对后续测试工作中使用的各种玻璃器皿和原子吸收光谱仪会造成损害,并且由于HF对玻璃材料的侵蚀也会造成样品的污染,为了更好的除去试液中的氟离子经过反复试验,发现采用两次少量加入高氯酸蒸发至冒烟除去过多氟离子的方法,能取得较满意的测定结果。     

水中氟化物、亚硝酸根离子色谱法探究

采用离子色谱法对水中氟化物、亚硝酸根的测定进行了分析。探究了用离子色谱仪中电导检测器的高灵敏度对水中氟离子、亚硝酸根进行测定的一种方法。通过色谱条件的改善、水溶液前处理的制备及标准曲线、精密度、准确度,检出限等检测数据的表征,更加有力地证明了离子色谱分离度高、分析时间短,自动化程度高及数据处理简单等优点,能够满足生活饮用水、地表水、地下废水等样品的分析。     

龙脑型阴香叶片精油得率影响因素研究

结合企业生产实际,以提高精油得率为目标,采用水蒸气蒸馏法,研究叶片采摘季节、叶 片鲜度、叶片浸泡时间和破碎处理以及不同的蒸馏方法对龙脑型阴香 (Cinnamomum burmannii chvar. borneol ) 精油得率的影响,结果表明在 10-12 月至次年 1 月采叶,以新鲜叶片,叶片不需浸泡和简单破碎 处理,采用隔水蒸馏法可以获得较高的精油得率。     

常绿白蜡扦插繁殖技术

以当年生和2年生枝条为扦插材料,用不同处理方法对常绿白蜡进行扦插育苗试验,考察影响常绿白蜡扦插生根的主要因子,结果发现激素种类为影响常绿白蜡嫩枝扦插生根主要因素,其次是插穗类型和浸泡时间,激素浓度影响较小。试验分析表明当年生枝条扦插生根效果比2年生枝条扦插生根效果更好。常绿白蜡嫩枝扦插试验最佳处理为取当年生枝条中部用浓度为500mg／kg的ABT生根粉1号溶液快浸10s,扦插后60天生根率达60％。     

中度盐碱地草麻黄栽培技术的研究

在中度盐碱地上采用覆沙压碱、灌水洗碱、深栽避碱、激素处理等措施进行草麻黄人工栽培试验,结果表明:深栽避碱和覆沙压碱对草麻黄株高生长量具有显著促进作用;而各项栽培技术措施在中度盐碱地上对草麻黄地上生物量产量的增加均有显著促进作用。综合2项生长指标考虑,以深栽避碱和覆沙压碱技术措施对草麻黄在中度盐碱地上栽培具有更显著的增产作用。     

Improvement in growth and salt resistance of lemon (Citrus limon) trees by an interstock-induced mechanism

Interstocks can reduce toxic ion accumulations in leaves of budded citrus trees, but the mechanism is not understood. We grew sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.; SO) seedlings, budded trees of 'Salustiano' orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck; SAO) on SO, 'Verna' lemon (Citrus limon L. Burm. f; VL/SO) and interstock trees (VL/SAO/SO) in pots of sand watered with nutrient solution containing 5 (control) or 50 mM NaCl (saline treatment) for 12 weeks. Plants were harvested in six successive harvests and time trends in relative growth rate (RGR) and its components were estimated by fitting a Richards function regression to the harvest data. The VL/SAO/SO trees in saline conditions had higher mean RGR than VL/SO trees in control conditions. Increases in both net assimilation rate on a leaf mass basis (NARw) and leaf mass fraction (LMF) contributed equally to a twofold increase in RGR of VL/SAO/SO trees in saline conditions. In control conditions, the increase in RGR caused by the interstock had growth response coefficients of GRC(NARw) = 0.20 and GRC(LMF) = 0.80. Structural modifications-specific leaf area, leaf area ratio and LMF-had a slight influence on the salt-induced changes in RGR, whereas NARw had a large influence. Salinity decreased root mass fraction (RMF) and increased stem mass fraction (SMF). In contrast, the interstock decreased SMF and increased LMF and RMF. The VL/SAO/SO trees had the highest RMF and proportionally higher Cl- and Na+ allocations in roots than the other plant types. In saline conditions, reductions in leaf ion transport rate and dilution of imported ions by foliar growth nearly halved ion accumulations in leaves of VL/SAO/SO trees.     

Petiole length and biomass investment in support modify light interception efficiency in dense poplar plantations

Leaf architecture, stand leaf area index and canopy light interception were studied in 13 poplar clones growing in a second rotation of a coppice plantation, to determine the role of leaf architectural attributes on canopy light-harvesting efficiency and to assess biomass investment in leaf support tissue. Stand leaf area index (L) varied from 2.89 to 6.99, but L was only weakly associated with canopy transmittance (TC). The weak relationship between TC and L was a result of a higher degree of foliage aggregation at larger values of L, leading to lower light-interception efficiency in stands with greater total leaf area. We observed a strong increase in leaf aggregation and a decrease in light-harvesting efficiency with decreasing mean leaf petiole length (PL) but not with leaf size, possibly because, in cordate or deltoid poplar leaves, most of the leaf area is located close to the petiole attachment to the lamina. Although PL was the key leaf characteristic of light-harvesting efficiency, clones with longer petioles had larger biomass investments in petioles, and there was a negative relationship between PL and L, demonstrating that enhanced light harvesting may lead to an overall decline in photosynthesizing leaf surface. Upper-canopy leaves were generally larger and had greater dry mass (MA) and nitrogen per unit area (NA) than lower-canopy leaves. Canopy plasticity in MA and NA was higher in clones with higher foliar biomass investment in midrib, and lower in clones with relatively longer petioles. These relationships suggest that there is a trade-off between photosynthetic plasticity and biomass investment in support, and also that high light-harvesting efficiency may be associated with lower photosynthetic plasticity. Our results demonstrate important clonal differences in leaf aggregation that are linked to leaf structure and biomass allocation patterns within the leaf.     

钟花樱扦插繁育研究

比较不同基质、不同生根促进剂及其质量体积浓度、不同季节、不同修剪方式、不同插穗类 型对钟花樱（Cerasus campanulata）扦插生根的影响,结果表明：扦插基质类型、生根激素种类及其质量 体积浓度、扦插季节、插穗留叶面积以及插穗类型均对钟花樱扦插成活率和生根率产生显著或极显著影 响,扦插基质采用黄心土最有利于生根;生根激素种类及其各浓度处理效果均显著高于清水对照,其中 采用IBA 以质量体积浓度2 500 mg · L-1 速蘸10 s 处理效果最佳;于春季扦插最好;插穗留1 片或半片叶 片成活率及生根率远高于不留叶插穗;采用嫩枝扦插和带踵扦插优于硬枝扦插。因此钟花樱扦插宜在春 季,采用修剪成1 片或半片叶片带踵或嫩枝的插穗,经质量体积浓度2 500 mg · L-1 的 IBA 药液蘸10 s 后 扦插在黄心土上,生根效果最好。     

边缘阴影和晕圈对基于图像叶面积测量的影响及修正

叶片边缘阴影和晕圈对基于图像树叶面积测量精度有较大的影响。分析了边缘阴影和晕圈产生的原因,并提出了修正方法。首先将图像由RGB模式转换为Lab模式,基于a,b分量用自适应动态区域生长方法提取粗略的叶片图像。然后用膨胀和腐蚀形态学方法对区域生长结果进行处理,分割出确切的叶片的区域,背景区域和未知区域。最后用改进的马尔可夫随机场方法对未知区域像素进行判断并归类到叶片区域或背景区域。该方法可极大提高叶面积测量的精度。     

Citrus response to salinity: growth and nutrient uptake

To determine the effects of salinity on relative growth rate (RGR), net assimilation rate on a leaf weight basis (NAR(w)), leaf weight ratio (LWR), and nutrient uptake and utilization of citrus, we grew four citrus rootstocks (sour orange, Cleopatra mandarin, Carrizo citrange and Citrus macrophylla) in nutrient solutions containing 0, 10, 20, 40 or 80 mM NaCl for 20, 40 or 60 days. For each element analyzed, specific absorption rate (SAR) and specific utilization rate on a leaf basis (SUR(L)) were calculated for the period between Days 40 and 60. Relative growth rate decreased with time for all treatments and rootstocks. Salt treatment significantly reduced both RGR and NAR(w), whereas LWR showed no definite trend. In all rootstocks, NAR(w), but not LWR, was significantly correlated with RGR, indicating that NAR(w) was an important factor underlying the salinity-induced differences in RGR among the citrus rootstocks. At Day 60, salinity had a significant effect on leaf concentrations of Cl, Na, K, Ca, Mg, P, Fe, Mn and Zn and on the SAR and SUR(L) of most elements. In general, RGR was correlated with SAR and SUR(L). Therefore, in addition to osmotic effects and the inhibitory effects of high concentrations of Cl(-) and Na(+), an imbalance of essential nutrients may also contribute to the reduction in plant growth under saline conditions.     

皂荚实生苗培育及嫁接关键技术研究

用浓硫酸处理皂荚种子,分析其对种子膨胀率和发芽率的影响。以同种源、长势一致的2年生皂荚实生砧木苗为研究对象,研究不同嫁接方法和不同嫁接时间对成活率的影响。结果表明,随着浓硫酸浸泡时间的延长,膨胀率增加,浸泡45 min的皂荚种子发芽率最高;皂荚的成活率在不同嫁接方法和嫁接时间之间均存在显著差异,春季带木质部芽接的皂荚成活率最高。