太平洋牡蛎控温育苗高产技术

介绍了太平洋牡蛎亲贝的选择和促熟，获卵与孵化，幼虫发育和培育技术，以及附苗和单体牡蛎苗种生产方法。     

太平洋牡蛎人工育苗

本文通过几年来的太平洋毛蛎育苗技术总结,论述了太平洋牡蛎人工控温育苗技术以及在品种选择,水质,饵料,生产技术中应该注意的事项,就太平洋牲蛎育苗生产中遇到的一些问题进行了讨论。     

太平洋牡蛎人工育苗的初步试验

1990年6月,利用对虾育苗室,在45立方米水体中培育出太平洋牡蛎苗种1400万个,平均单位水体出苗33万个。卵孵化和幼虫培育所用海水均经次氯酸钠处理后使用。亲贝和幼虫培育均以等鞭金藻,叉鞭金藻,扁藻为饵料。幼虫培养每天换水2次,每次换1/3。每隔3天倒池1次。水温在21～25℃条件下培育14天,当幼虫壳长达280～300微米时出现眼点并开始附着。     

太平洋牡蛎人工育苗之我见

近几年来，水产养殖上新增加太平洋牡蛎的养殖，发展形势看好，方兴未艾，因此，提供健壮，抗病害，生长快的苗种支持养殖业的发展也成当务之急，本文就如何进行太平洋牡蛎的人工育苗，提高人工育苗的苗种质量作了探讨。     

太平洋牡蛎育苗技术

笔者多年来一直从事太平洋牡蛎育苗,现将太平洋牡蛎育苗技术介绍如下:一、全人工育苗(一)亲贝的挑选挑选1～2龄个体肥大的健康成贝,以贝壳完整,双壳合抱自然,闭合有力,壳缘锐利,肥满度好的作为亲贝。(二)人工解剖授精目前多采用人工解剖授精来获得受精卵,雌雄亲贝数量按(50～10     

太平洋牡蛎室内育苗技术

太平洋牡蛎（Crassostrea gigas）具有体型大、生长快、产量高、适应性强等优点,是全球牡蛎养殖中规模最大、产量最高的种类。国外一些学者曾对其生物学及生态学进行过许多研究。国内也先后对其室内人工育苗及相关技术进行过研究与探讨。隋锡林等报道了影响太平洋牡蛎人工苗种培育的主要因子;刘洪军、吕豪等报道了太平洋牡蛎人工育苗技术及亲贝促熟的研究。笔者总结了多年太平洋牡蛎人工育苗生产实践的经验与体会,供参考。     

太平洋牡蛎工厂化育苗技术研究（上）

太平洋牡蛎工厂化育苗技术研究（上）太平洋牡蛎是广盐性、广温性的内湾品种。具有个体大、生长快、产量高、适应性强的特点，现已被世界沿岸国家所普遍养殖，是目前世界上养殖牡蛎优良品种之一。为了改良牡蛎养殖品系，开发利用浅海资源，福建省于１９８２年和１９８３年...     

太平洋牡蛎工厂化育苗技术研究（下）

太平洋牡蛎工厂化育苗技术研究（下）三、幼虫培育（一）孵化与选优１．受精卵孵化：开动循环机或加大冲气量。使多余的精卵形成泡沫，要经常用２６０目筛绢捞除泡沫，直至水质清澈为止。孵化密度控制在８０～１００个／ｍｌ．盐度１８～２５‰，水温２３～２５℃，从受精...     

太平洋牡蛎三倍体育苗技术初步研究

依据牡蛎三倍体的育种原理,采用6-DMAP(6·二甲氨基嘌呤)作诱导剂,筛选最佳的诱导剂质量分数和诱导时间组合,提出较为完善的太平洋牡蛎三倍体育苗操作规程,推动太平洋牡蛎三倍体养殖的产业化发展。结果表明,本方法操作简便,三倍体获得率较高且稳定。     

建鲤当年养成与2年养成试验

对建鲤进行了当年养成和２年养成对比试验，结果：当年养成时间缩短一半以上，苗种成本由２年养成的１４７５．２９元降为７５元，经济效益提高２７％。     

早繁淡水鲳当年养成技术

在１．８亩池塘中进行早繁淡水鲳当年养成技术试验，在无增氧机条件下，进行淡水鲳和罗非鱼混养。经１２８天饲养，平均亩净产５６０．９ｋｇ，其中淡水鲳为２８１．７ｋｇ，养在规格达５４０ｇ／尾，鉴定认为，当年养成这样的规格属省内领先水平。     

建鲤当年养成的研究

采用提早繁殖、池塘强化育种、网箱强化养殖等综合技术，将当年建鲤苗种养成平均尾重６５８．９ｇ。试验网箱２．４亩，平均每亩净产６８４７０．１ｋｇ，成活率９４％，饵料系数１．２６，每亩利税２５．９７万元，投入产出比１：２．１３。专家鉴定认为，本研究成果达国内同类研究的先进水平，其中平均尾重、商品率、饵料系数居国内同类研究的领先水平。     

裙带菜水池常温育苗技术

介绍了裙带菜水池常温育苗的全套技术特别是核心技术，即高温条件下黑暗处理配子体，利用对虾育苗池的大水体减水温波动，幼苗生长后，大大增强光照（７０００Ｌｘ）以上，结果：１９９１年，裙带菜苗最大附着密度１ｃｍ育苗器３００株以上，一般１００株以上。     

Long‐term variation in the abundance of Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) from the Yellow Sea in the western North Pacific and its relation to climate over the past 590 years

A qualitative understanding of the long‐term variation in the population dynamics of Yellow Sea (YS) herring is particularly important for clarifying the evolutionary processes and driving mechanisms of the YS large marine ecosystem. Unfortunately, because of a lack of long‐term, continuous, and simultaneous monitoring data, the specific driving processes and mechanisms of climate effects on the population dynamics of YS herring remain largely unknown. In response to this scientific issue, we preliminarily propose the idea of reconstructing long‐term changes in YS herring abundance over the past 590 years (AD 1417–2004) based on historical documents and attempt to explore the impacts of climate on the population. Our results show that YS herring abundance maintained at a relatively high level from AD 1417 to 1870 (during the Little Ice Age); in contrast, the population declined significantly from AD 1870 to 2004 at different rates. In addition, we also found that there were strong relationships between the population abundance of YS herring and the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) and drought/flood cycles. We suggest that the fluctuations in YS herring abundance may be influenced by ocean–climatic circulation shifts throughout the North Pacific, especially the PDO.     

西北太平洋公海7~9月秋刀鱼渔场分布及其与水温的关系

根据2003~2005年7~9月西北太平洋公海秋刀鱼生产数据和水温遥感数据,对西北太平洋公海秋刀鱼作业渔场分布及其与表温和上层水温结构的关系进行了分析。结果认为,随着时间的推移,7~9月西北太平洋公海秋刀鱼渔场重心有从西南向东北变动的趋势;各月产量重心处水温结构有较大差异,9月混合层深度较7月和8月有所加深,渔场也较后者向北移动;各月高产渔区0~15m温度梯度都在0.25℃/m以下,0~40m温度梯度在0.1℃/m左右,40~60m温度梯度在0.25~0.42℃/m之间。灰色关联度分析表明,渔区月产量受到众多因素的影响,其中捕捞努力量、渔区平均日产量和表温是其主要影响因子,对渔区平均日产量影响较大的有表温、0~15m温度梯度、0~40m温度梯度和月份,其关联度都在0.80以上。     

海洋环境对中西太平洋金枪鱼围网渔场影响的GIS时空分析

根据2008年～2012年中西太平洋金枪鱼（Thynnus）围网的渔获生产数据,并结合利用遥感信息技术手段同期获取的海表温度、次表层和温跃层温度、叶绿素等海洋环境数据,分析了围网主要捕获品种渔获量、资源丰度与渔场重心的时空变化及其与主要环境因子之间的关系。结果显示,目前中西太平洋金枪鱼围网渔获量分布在10°N～10°S、140°E-180°E,中心渔场经度重心集中在150°E～165°E,大体走向是由西向东;纬度重心在1°N～3°S,呈现先南后北的走向。渔场主要适温在28～32℃,最适海表温度为29～31℃,次表层50m,适温为26．84～29．47℃,100m适温为24．71～28．57℃,温跃层上界深度在54．09～121．49m,对应的海水温度为27．10—29．18℃;主要渔获产量集中在叶绿素质量浓度0．02～0．35mg·m-3内,叶绿素质量浓度处于0．04—0．18mg·m-3时渔获产量出现频次最高,为渔场的最适叶绿素质量浓度范围。     

Distribution patterns of Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) in relation to environmental variables along the continental shelf waters of the US West Coast and southern British Columbia

Knowing how Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) distribute in relation to ocean conditions is of primary importance to halibut managers, as they are tasked with estimating stock size and designing effective monitoring programs amidst a changing climate. This research examined near‐bottom environmental data alongside halibut survey catch data for the years 2006–2009 on the continental shelf of Oregon, Washington, and southern British Columbia. The objectives of the research were to: (1) characterize summer environmental conditions and halibut distribution; (2) explore ranges and possible tolerance thresholds for halibut in relation to temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), salinity, and pH; and (3) identify the primary environmental factors affecting distribution of halibut and model the observed relationships. Seasonal hypoxia is an annual feature of the study area and results suggest halibut exhibited an apparent DO minimum threshold of 0.9 mL L^?1. Ordinary least squares multiple regression analysis indicated that depth, temperature, and DO were significant variables in predicting halibut distribution, whereas salinity and bottom type were not. Ambiguity in model results led to the use of two additional analytical methods, geographically weighted regression (GWR) and tree regression, to examine regional variation and the overarching structure of halibut distribution. The three models yielded similar results indicating the importance of DO and temperature as variables describing structure. The GWR model yielded the best fit of the three when using DO as a predictor variable, indicating that regional variation is a factor. These results suggest that low, but above‐threshold, DO may be contributing to catchability differences in the survey.     

Occurrence and density of Pacific saury Cololabis saira larvae and juveniles in relation to environmental factors during the winter spawning season in the Kuroshio Current system

The occurrence and density of Pacific saury Cololabis saira larvae and juveniles were examined in relation to environmental factors during the winter spawning season in the Kuroshio Current system, based on samples from extensive surveys off the Pacific coast of Japan in 2003–2012. Dense distributions of larvae and juveniles were observed in areas around and on the offshore side of the Kuroshio axis except during a large Kuroshio meander year (2005). The relationships of larval and juvenile occurrence and density given the occurrence to sea surface temperature (SST), salinity (SSS), and chlorophyll‐a concentration (CHL) were examined by generalized additive models for 10‐mm size classes up to 40 mm. In general, the optimal SST for larval and juvenile occurrence and density given the occurrence was consistently observed at 19–20°C. The patterns were more complex for SSS, but a peak in occurrence was observed at 34.75–34.80. In contrast, there were negative relationships of occurrence and density given the occurrence to CHL. These patterns tended to be consistent among different size classes, although the patterns differed for the smallest size class depending on environmental factors. Synthetically, the window for spawning and larval and juvenile occurrence and density seems to be largely determined by physical factors, in particular temperature. The environmental conditions which larvae and juveniles encounter would be maintained while they are transported. The survival success under the physically favorable but food‐poor conditions of the Kuroshio Current system could be key to their recruitment success.