氟苯尼考可溶性粉对鸡大肠杆菌病的疗效试验

以试管2倍稀释法测定20％氟苯尼考可溶性粉和10％氟苯尼考预混剂对鸡大肠杆菌078的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)，然后对实验性鸡大肠杆菌病病鸡进行治疗试验，内服5天、每天2次。结果表明，20％氟苯尼考可溶性粉和10％氟苯尼考预混剂MIC均为16mg／L，以氟苯尼考可溶性粉1．0g／L、0．5g／L、0．25g／L给鸡饮水后，对大肠杆菌病的治愈率分别为93．3％、83．3％和70．0％，药物对照组治愈率为80．0％。感染对照组的死亡率高达60．0％。     

复方盐酸恩诺沙星可溶性粉对实验性鸡大肠杆菌病的疗效试验

采用10%复方盐酸恩诺沙星可溶性粉对人工诱发的鸡大肠杆菌病进行疗效试验。结果表明：10%复方盐酸恩诺沙星可溶性粉其剂量分别为0.6 g/L、0.4 g/L0、.2 g/L时能有效控制鸡大肠杆菌感染,缓解症状,降低对人工诱发的鸡大肠杆菌病的发病率,效果优于单方的恩诺沙星。临床应用10%复方盐酸恩诺沙星可溶性粉按每1 L水0.4 g混饮,连用4 d,对鸡大肠杆菌病有良好的治疗效果。     

复方盐酸恩诺沙星可溶性粉对实验性鸡大肠杆菌病的疗效试验

采用10%复方盐酸恩诺沙星可溶性粉对人工诱发的鸡大肠杆菌病进行疗效试验。结果表明：10%复方盐酸恩诺沙星可溶性粉其剂量分别为0.6 g/L、0.4 g/L0、.2 g/L时能有效控制鸡大肠杆菌感染,缓解症状,降低对人工诱发的鸡大肠杆菌病的发病率,效果优于单方的恩诺沙星。临床应用10%复方盐酸恩诺沙星可溶性粉按每1 L水0.4 g混饮,连用4 d,对鸡大肠杆菌病有良好的治疗效果。     

氟苯尼考长效制剂对鸡大肠杆菌病的疗效试验

用试管二倍稀释法测定了氟苯尼考与丁胺卡那霉素对大肠杆菌质控菌株ATCC25922,菌株K88、HD1047和临床分离的36株大肠杆菌的体外抗菌活性,进行了鸡大肠杆菌病的临床疗效试验.结果质控菌株和K88、HD1047株对氟苯尼考均敏感,36株临床分离菌株对氟苯尼考的敏感率为96.2%.在临床疗效试验中,氟苯尼考长效口服液和注射剂组的死亡率低于感染对照组和丁胺卡那霉素对照组(P《0.01),治愈率及有效率高于感染对照组和丁胺卡那霉素对照组(P《0.01),表明氟苯尼考长效制剂对鸡大肠杆菌病的治疗有很好的疗效并有较好的应用前景.     

氟苯尼考可溶性粉对鸡大肠杆菌病的疗效试验

用大肠杆菌O1、O2、078的混合菌液人工感染10日龄海兰白公雏,发病后用氟苯尼考可溶性粉进行饮水治疗.结果发现,氟苯尼考可溶性粉高(6g/L)、中(3g/L)、低(1.5g/L)剂量和对照药物甲砜霉素(150mg/L)对鸡大肠杆菌病均有较高的疗效,用药后症状明显减轻且渐恢复,体重也明显增加.其中,氟苯尼考可溶性粉中、低剂量的保护率、有效率均达100%,治愈率分别为90%和80%,其疗效比甲砜霉素高,可在临床上推广使用.     

复方制剂对鸡大肠杆菌病的临床疗效观察

复方制剂 (氟苯尼考—硫酸黏菌素可溶性粉)是一种西药复方制剂。本试验挑选大小均匀一致的鸡420只,随机分成14组,每组30只,分为复方制剂药物组（高、中、低3个剂量）、氟苯尼考对照组、硫酸黏菌素对照组、感染对照组、健康对照组共14个组,其中7组做预防保护试验,7组做治疗试验。试验结果表明,复方制剂对鸡大肠杆菌病具有明显的保护作用,可以用于鸡大肠杆菌病的防治。     

氟苯尼考联合多西环素治疗鸡大肠杆菌病

目的:探讨氟苯尼考联合多西环素治疗鸡大肠杆菌病的临床效果。方法:选取某兽医院2014年02月到2015年02月收治的80例大肠杆菌病鸡,随机分为观察组和对照组,对照组单纯给予氟苯尼考治疗,观察组给予氟苯尼考联合多西环素治疗,对比观察两组治疗方法的效果。结果:对照组临床治疗有效率为70%(27/40),死亡率为32.5%(13/40),观察组临床治疗有效率为92.5%(37/40),死亡率为7.5%(3/40),观察组在临床疗效上明显高于对照组,死亡率低于对照组,组间差异具均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:氟苯尼考联合多西环素治疗鸡大肠杆菌病效果显著,值得广泛推广。     

复方白头翁散对鸡大肠杆菌病的疗效观察

5组 2 0日龄雏鸡人工感染鸡大肠杆菌病 ,攻毒后 36h出现临床症状。此时分别按 0 3% ,0 2 %和 0 1 %的浓度给鸡连续饮水投服自拟白头翁散治疗 ,连用 5d。同时选用诺氟沙星作药物治疗对照。结果 :从攻毒开始至 1 4d后试验结束 ,治疗组的死亡率分别为 3 3 % ,6 6%和 1 3 3 % ;药物治疗对照组为 1 0 % ;人工发病未治疗组临床症状、病理变化都较典型 ,死亡率为 40 % ;健康对照组无死亡。复方白头翁散 3个剂量组、诺氟沙星对鸡大肠杆菌病的治愈率分别为 93 3 % ,86 7% ,73 3和 80 %。     

苦参苍术口服液对鸡耐药大肠杆置的疗效试验

为考察苦参苍术口服液对鸡耐药大肠杆菌的临床应用效果,对其进行了临床疗效试验。试验结果表明：1L饮水中添加苦参苍术口服液1mL-2mL,连用5天,能明显降低鸡人工感染耐药大肠杆菌病引起的死亡率,且对人工感染大肠杆菌引起的鸡只生长发育受阻有一定程度的改善作用。苦参苍术口服液与乳酸诺氟沙星联合使用时,疗效明显增强,与乳酸诺氟沙星阳性对照组相比,发病率明显降低（p〈0．01）,有效率明显升高（p〈0．01）。     

复方庆大霉素注射液治疗鸡的大肠杆菌病疗效试验

目的:探究复方庆大霉素注射液治疗鸡的大肠杆菌病的临床疗效。方法:选取日龄为20日已经感染大肠杆菌的鸡作为试验对象,共120只,将其均分为2组,每组60只。分别为治疗组的感染鸡实施复方庆大霉素注射液治疗,对照组的感染鸡实施硫酸庆大霉素注射液治疗,观察两组大肠杆菌病鸡的临床疗效。结果:治疗组感染鸡的临床治疗有效率为93.3%,对照组感染鸡的临床治疗有效率为68.3%,两组感染大肠杆菌病鸡的临床治疗效果差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:复方庆大霉素注射液能够有效治疗被大肠杆菌感染的病鸡,减少病鸡的死亡率,是一项值得推广的应用。     

Preliminary clinical pharmacological investigations of tylosin and tiamulin in chickens

Summary The minimal inhibitory concentrations (M1C) of tiamulin and tylosin for mycoplasma. Gram-positive, and Gram-negative micro-organisms isolated from chickens were determinated by the agar dilution method. Median M1C values for tiamulin against Mycoplasma gallisepticum (0.05 μg/ml) and Mycoplasma synoviae (0.10 μg/ml) were 2 to 4 times lower than the corresponding values for tylosin. Tiamulin was also slightly more effective in vitro in inhibiting Escherichia coli, Pasteurella multocida, and beta-haemolytic streptococci than was tylosin. Groups of chicken were offered tiamulin medicated drinking water at rates of 125 and 250 mg/litre for 48 hours. Average serum tiamulin concentrations were 0.38 and 0.78 μg/ml, respectively. When tylosin tartrate was added to the drinking water at 500 and 700 mg/litre, average serum drug levels were 0.12 and 0.17 μg/ml, respectively. Tiamulin was 45% bound in chicken serum, as against 30% serum protein binding or tylosin. Correlations were made between free (non protein bound) serum drug levels and the MIC values of the two drugs. Such comparisons suggest that when tiamulin is given in the drinking water at rates of 125 to 250 mg/litre, better antimycoplasmal activity is to be expected in vivo than by giving tylosin tartrate in the drinking water at 500 to 700 mg/litre. Based on these data, no clinical efficacy of these dose rates can be expected in flocks infected by gram-negative microorganisms such as E. coli or P. multocida. The tylosin tartrate rate of 500 to 700 mg/litre, may be clinical ineffective the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infections.     

不同剂型氟苯尼考对实验性鸡大肠杆菌病的疗效

以人工诱发鸡大肠杆菌病为模型,研究了不同剂型氟苯尼考的疗效。15日龄AA鸡随机分组,除健康对照组外,各组动物均肌肉注射大肠杆菌(O78)肉汤培养物诱发大肠杆菌病。氟苯尼考预混剂(100 mg/kg拌料)、可溶性粉(100 mg/L饮水)和注射剂(20mg/kg肌注)分别于攻毒前24 h、攻毒同时及攻毒后4 h给药。主要以各组动物存活数为标准评价疗效。结果表明,氟苯尼考预混剂、可溶性粉和注射剂对鸡大肠杆菌病的有效率分别为70%、90%和93.3%,而感染对照组的死亡率为73.3%,试验各组之间鸡的增重差异不显著。试验结果提示氟苯尼考饮水剂和注射剂可有效控制重症大肠杆菌病,预混剂可作为预防用药或用于治疗早期轻度感染。     

Preliminary clinical pharmacological investigations of tylosin and tiamulin in chickens

Summary

The minimal inhibitory concentrations (M1C) of tiamulin and tylosin for mycoplasma. Gram‐positive, and Gram‐negative micro‐organisms isolated from chickens were determinated by the agar dilution method. Median M1C values for tiamulin against Mycoplasma gallisepticum (0.05 μg/ml) and Mycoplasma synoviae (0.10 μg/ml) were 2 to 4 times lower than the corresponding values for tylosin. Tiamulin was also slightly more effective in vitro in inhibiting Escherichia coli, Pasteurella multocida, and beta‐haemolytic streptococci than was tylosin. Groups of chicken were offered tiamulin medicated drinking water at rates of 125 and 250 mg/litre for 48 hours. Average serum tiamulin concentrations were 0.38 and 0.78 μg/ml, respectively. When tylosin tartrate was added to the drinking water at 500 and 700 mg/litre, average serum drug levels were 0.12 and 0.17 μg/ml, respectively.

Tiamulin was 45% bound in chicken serum, as against 30% serum protein binding or tylosin. Correlations were made between free (non protein bound) serum drug levels and the MIC values of the two drugs. Such comparisons suggest that when tiamulin is given in the drinking water at rates of 125 to 250 mg/litre, better antimycoplasmal activity is to be expected in vivo than by giving tylosin tartrate in the drinking water at 500 to 700 mg/litre. Based on these data, no clinical efficacy of these dose rates can be expected in flocks infected by gram‐negative microorganisms such as E. coli or P. multocida. The tylosin tartrate rate of 500 to 700 mg/litre, may be clinical ineffective the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infections.     

鸡源大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的分离鉴定及耐药分析

为探究甘肃省民勤县某饲养场肉仔鸡腹泻的病原及复方中草药制剂和抗生素分别对分离病原的抑菌效果,对7日龄病死肉鸡进行解剖，通过采集死亡肉仔鸡肝脏、脾脏、心脏进行病原菌分离培养、形态观察、16S rDNA分子鉴定，最终鉴定该病死肉仔鸡为大肠杆菌与沙门氏菌混合感染。抑菌结果显示，复方中草药对分离得到的大肠杆菌、鸡白痢沙门氏菌、鸡副伤寒沙门氏菌均有良好的抑菌效果。10种抗生素药敏试验结果显示，此三株菌同时对氨苄西林、环丙沙星、四环素、恩诺沙星四种药物耐药；鸡大肠杆菌对庆大霉素、阿米卡星敏感，鸡白痢沙门氏菌对链霉素、氟苯尼考、头孢噻肟敏感，鸡副伤寒沙门氏菌对头孢曲松、链霉素、头孢噻肟敏感。上述研究结果为肉仔鸡大肠杆菌与沙门氏菌混合感染的分离鉴定以及科学指导用药提供参考。     

干酪乳杆菌与氟苯尼考对肉雏鸡生长性能及免疫力影响的比较研究

为比较肉雏鸡在饮水中添加干酪乳杆菌与氟苯尼考对肉雏鸡生长性能与免疫力的影响,本试验选取1日龄肉鸡120只,随机分为3个处理组,分别为对照组、干酪乳杆菌组、氟苯尼考组,每个处理组4个重复,每个重复10只,试验期为21 d,检测不同阶段各处理组的平均日增重、料重比、免疫器官指数、外周血IgG含量、盲肠sIgA含量、淋巴细胞增殖能力。结果显示,饮水中添加干酪乳杆菌对肉雏鸡体重、平均日增重、平均日采食量影响不显著,添加氟苯尼考显著抑制了肉雏鸡的生长性能(P0.05),二者对肉雏鸡料重比的影响均差异不显著。添加干酪乳杆菌对肉雏鸡免疫器官指数影响不显著,但显著提高了肉雏鸡外周血IgG含量、盲肠sIgA含量以及外周血淋巴细胞增殖能力(P0.05),添加氟苯尼考显著抑制了肉雏鸡的免疫水平(P0.05)。结果表明新进肉雏鸡在饮水中添加氟苯尼考对雏鸡的生长性能及免疫力有显著的抑制作用,应减少使用,而添加干酪乳杆菌对提高雏鸡免疫力是有益的。     

喉支康对实验性鸡败血霉形体和大肠杆菌混合感染的疗效

以人工诱发鸡败血霉形体和大肠杆菌混合感染模型，评价复方制剂－喉支康水溶性粉的疗效。按每升水加入20，40，80mg喉支康的用量给病鸡饮水给药，连续5d，对混合感染鸡的治愈率分别是70．0％，93．3％，96．7％，而感染对照组的死亡率为63．3％；上述用药组的增重效果极显著高于感染对照组（P＜0．01）。     

氟甲砜霉素(florfenicol)对禽败血支原体病的药效学

以试管两倍稀释法测得体外氟甲砜霉素 (florfenicol)及对照药物恩诺沙星对禽败血支原体 (MG)的最小抑菌质量浓度分别为 1.2 5、0 .0 195 mg/ L。体内药效试验表明 ,氟甲砜霉素以 30 0、40 0、5 0 0 mg/ kg饲料混饲给药 ,连用 5 d,对实验性感染 MG的鸡具有显著的保护作用 ,与感染对照组的死亡率 (2 5 %)差异显著 (P<0 .0 1)。氟甲砜霉素及对照药物的增重效果显著高于感染对照组 (P<0 .0 1) ,中、高剂量组还能显著减少气囊损伤率 (P<0 .0 1) ,但氟甲砜霉素各用药组都不能减少抗体反应的阳性率。     

Plasma concentrations resulting from florfenicol preparations given to pigs in their drinking water

Florfenicol administered through the drinking water has been recommended as a metaphylactic antibacterial drug to control outbreaks of respiratory diseases in pigs caused by strains of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and Pasteurella multocida, yet it is difficult to pinpoint in practice when the drug is given metaphylactically or therapeutically. Further, pigs are likely to reject florfenicol-medicated water, and plasma concentrations of the drug are likely to be marginal for diseases caused by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus. The reported minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for these organisms show a breakpoint of 2 to 3 μg/mL. An experiment was conducted during September and October 2009. One hundred twenty healthy crossbred pigs (Landrace-Yorkshire), weighing 23 ± 6.2 kg, were used in this trial. They were randomly assigned to 5 groups, with 3 replicates of 8 animals/group. Two commercial preparations of florfenicol were administered through the drinking water at 2 concentrations (0.01 and 0.015%). Water intake was measured before and after medication, and plasma concentrations of florfenicol were determined by HPLC. Considerable rejection of florfenicol-medicated water was observed. However, plasma florfenicol concentrations were of a range sufficient for a methaphylaxis approach to preventing disease by bacteria, with MIC breakpoints of ≤ 0.25 μg/mL. Decreased efficacy as a metaphylactic medication should be expected for bacteria with MIC >0.25 μg/mL, considering the reported existence of bacteria resistant to florfenicol and the natural resistance of Streptococcus suis or E. coli to this drug.     

兽用陈皮口服液对肉仔鸡生长抑制治疗效果的评价

试验旨在建立鸡生长抑制模型并评价兽用陈皮口服液对鸡生长抑制的治疗效果。选用磺胺间甲氧嘧啶钠、硫酸阿托品和地塞米松磷酸钠3种药物建立鸡生长抑制模型，从中选择一种效果较好的药物进行后续试验。结果显示，在生长抑制模型建立试验中，地塞米松组平均日增重（ADG）最低，显著低于对照组（P<0.05），料重比（F/G）最高，且显著高于对照组（P<0.05），且十二指肠和空肠绒毛高度均显著低于对照组（P<0.05），表明地塞米松组生长抑制效果最好，本试验选用地塞米松磷酸钠给药建立鸡生长抑制模型进行后续试验。在兽用陈皮口服液对鸡生长抑制治疗效果评价试验中，将50只AA肉鸡随机分为5组，每组10只。第1~4组分别胸肌注射地塞米松磷酸钠0.25 mg/kg体重，连续给药8 d，人工造病形成生长抑制模型；第9天开始，第1~3组连续7 d分别灌服0.1、0.2和0.3 mL/kg体重的陈皮口服液；第4组为阳性对照组，第9~16天不使用陈皮口服液，灌服等量灭菌生理盐水；第5组为阴性对照组，用等量灭菌生理盐水代替地塞米松磷酸钠，连续注射8 d，第9~16天灌服等量灭菌生理盐水。治疗结束时，第2、3组平均日增重高于第4组（阳性对照组），与空白对照组差异不显著（P>0.05），料重比低于第4组，且与空白对照组差异不显著（P>0.05）；陈皮口服液治疗组脏器系数及血液生化指标（除谷草转氨酶（AST）外）与空白对照组基本接近（P>0.05），说明陈皮口服液能明显缓解地塞米松对肉仔鸡的生长抑制，修复地塞米松生长抑制肉仔鸡的脏器损伤，且高剂量组（0.3 mL/kg体重）缓解作用更好。     

The pathogenicity of Campylobacter jejuni as a monoinfection and as a mixed infection with Escherichia coli 078:K80 in broilers

Two week old broilers (n = 61) with a monoinfection with Campylobacter jejuni (0.5 ml of suspension containing 10(5) CFU/ml per os) showed reduced increase in weight during week 3 after infection compared to the control group. An other group of chickens (n = 31) was additionally infected with a suspension of Escherichia (E.) coli O78:K80 via drinking water from day 4 to 6 after the primary infection. This mixed infection provoked clinical signs of a disease and reduced increase in weight during the first two weeks of the experiment. Seven broilers of this group showed a fibrinous pericarditis and/or perihepatitis. Four of these chickens died. It can be concluded from the experiment that an infection with Campylobacter causes reduced weight gain and supports a systemic infection with E. coli.