清肺颗粒的急性毒性和亚慢性毒性试验

通过小鼠急性毒性试验和大鼠亚慢性毒性试验对清肺颗粒进行安全性评价,为临床安全用药提供理论依据.给82只昆明小鼠灌胃给药进行半数致死量试验和最大给药量试验;将40只大鼠分为高、中、低剂量中药组和对照组进行灌胃给药,每天给药1次,连续给药35 d,灌胃结束后测定大鼠的一般情况、血液指标、生化指标、脏器系数和病理组织学变化....     

通肾颗粒的亚慢性毒性试验

采用大鼠亚慢性毒性试验评价通肾颗粒的毒性.将SD大鼠随机分为4组,3个试验组分别以12、6、3 g/kg对大鼠进行灌胃,对照组给予等体积生理盐水,连续6周,观察记录大鼠的反应.结果显示,SD大鼠的健康状况指标如血常规和生化等无不良变化,内脏器官也没有不良变化,但会对大鼠的生长发育产生一定的抑制作用.     

清瘟败毒颗粒的急性和亚慢性毒性试验研究

在急性毒性试验中,给予试验组小鼠不同浓度的清瘟败毒颗粒水溶液,测定清瘟败毒颗粒的半数致死量和最大耐受量;在亚慢性毒性试验中,试验组大鼠以88,44,22g／（kg·d）的剂量连续经口给药42d,并另设灌服生理盐水对照组,在给药后观察大鼠的生长发育、血液学和血液生化、脏器病理学变化。结果显示,急性毒性试验没能测出清瘟败毒颗粒的半数致死量;小鼠经口灌服受试药物的最大耐受量高于132g／（kg·d）;在亚慢性毒性试验期间,各给药组大鼠体重、血液学指标、血液生化指标与对照组比较均无显著性差异。急性毒性试验表明清瘟败毒颗粒无急性毒性;亚慢性毒性试验表明连续口服给药较安全。     

蟾酥注射液的急性和亚慢性毒性研究

通过对Wistar大鼠进行腹腔注射蟾酥注射液,对其急性毒性和亚慢性毒性进行评价.急性毒性试验表明,用药后5 min各组大鼠开始出现死亡,死亡时间多集中在用药后5 min～4 h之间,LD50为102.65 mg/kg.亚慢性毒性试验表明,长期连续给药4周后,高、中剂量组大鼠体重显著低于对照组;高、中剂量组白细胞(WBC)显著高于对照组,高剂量组大鼠血小板(PLT)与对照组比较差异显著;高、中、低剂量组白蛋白(ALB)显著高于对照组.高、中剂量组大鼠的肝脏系数显著高于低剂量组和对照组,高、中剂量组大鼠肾脏系数显著低于对照组.在恢复期,高剂量组的脏器系数和生化指标恢复不佳,而中、低剂量组则恢复良好.病理学检查发现,高、中剂量组大鼠肝、脾、肾、雌性大鼠子宫有淤血和轻微炎症.结果表明,蟾酥注射液的急性毒性较大,大剂量长期使用可导致肝、肾损伤,故临床应用要注意剂量和疗程.     

清营颗粒对大鼠的亚慢性毒性评价

本试验旨在研究较长期摄入清营颗粒对大鼠的亚慢性毒性作用。选用80只SPF级SD大鼠,随机分为4组,每组20只（雌雄各半）。4组染毒剂量分别为0、5、10、20 g/kg体重的清营颗粒,连续给药30d。结果显示,10、20g/kg体重的清营颗粒对大鼠采食量、个别血液学指标及脏体比有一定影响,但未引起组织病理学变化。此外,5g/kg体重的清营颗粒对大鼠未表现明显的毒性作用。综上所述,清营颗粒对大鼠的无毒作用剂量（NOEL）为5 g/kg体重。     

疏花蔷薇果提取物的急性及亚慢性毒性研究

试验旨在研究新疆疏花蔷薇果提取物（FRLE）对小鼠急性毒性及大鼠亚慢性毒性的作用,评价FRLE的安全性。在小鼠急性毒性试验中,选取不同水平FRLE给小鼠灌胃给药,测试半数致死量（LD50）和最大耐受剂量（MTD）;在大鼠亚慢性毒性试验中,低、中、高FRLE组SD大鼠分别灌胃1.5、3.0、6.0 g/kg FRLE,空白组SD大鼠灌胃等体积生理盐水,连续灌胃30 d,观察大鼠的生理状态。结果显示,FRLE对小鼠的LD50大于66.7 g/kg,MTD为60 g/kg;在亚慢性毒性试验期间,大鼠无明显异常反应,与空白组相比,给药组大鼠的体重、脏器系数均差异不显著（P>0.05）,血常规和血清生化指标均在正常参考值范围,各脏器组织未发现病理学异常。研究表明,FRLE属无毒级,大鼠长期服用未发生毒性反应,药用安全性较高。     

桉薄溶液急性毒性与亚慢性毒性的试验研究

目的:通过小鼠和大鼠的毒理试验,考察桉薄溶液的安全性。方法:(1)小鼠急性毒性试验,分别以0、3 932、4 915、6 144、7 680、9600、12000μL/kg剂量,单次给药后,连续观察两周;(2)大鼠亚慢性毒性试验,分别以0、2000、2800、3600μL/kg的剂量,连续给药28d。结果:(1)高剂量的桉薄溶液影响大鼠的生长水平;(2)小鼠的LD_(50)为7823.6μL/kg;(3)各组大鼠的血液学指标均无异常,但高剂量组大鼠的ALT和BUN以及肾脏指数与空白对照组的差异显著(P<0.05);各组大鼠的病理组织无显著差异。     

氟砜霉素的急性毒性和亚慢性毒性试验

氟砜霉素对大鼠的急性毒性试验结果表明 ,氟砜霉素对大鼠的经口 LD5 0 大于每千克体重 50 0 0 mg。亚慢性毒性试验的结果表明 ,按每千克体重 1 0 0 mg的剂量应用氟砜霉素 3 0 d以上 ,会减少大鼠的增重 ,降低骨髓的造血机能 ,损伤肝脏 ,严重损伤肾脏及睾丸 ,但对脾脏、肺脏、雌性生殖器官、大脑无损伤。氟砜霉素 50mg/ kg的剂量对肾脏有轻度的损伤 ,在 3 0 d时可减少大鼠的增重 ,但对其他组织器官以及骨髓造血机能均无影响。氟砜霉素 3 0 mg/ kg的剂量应用 60 d,对大鼠的增重、骨髓造血机能及各组织器官均无影响     

饲用黄丝藻粉的急性毒性和亚慢性毒性试验

试验旨在通过研究黄丝藻粉对大鼠的急性毒性和亚慢性毒性试验,初步评价其饲用安全性。5 000 mg/kg体重黄丝藻粉灌胃给予Wistar大鼠进行急性毒性试验;黄丝藻粉按0、1 250、2 500、5 000 mg/kg 添加于饲料中饲喂大鼠,进行90 d亚慢性毒性试验。每周称量大鼠体重与饲料消耗,分别于喂养 45、90 d 时剖检,进行血常规和血液生化指标检测,计算脏器系数,并对主要脏器进行组织病理学检查。结果表明,5 000 mg/kg体重黄丝藻粉给予大鼠均未出现死亡,LD₅₀>5 000 mg/kg体重,根据WHO对化学物质的毒性评级,黄丝藻粉属于实际无毒物质。亚慢性毒性试验中,高、中、低剂量黄丝藻粉饲喂大鼠90 d后平均饲料消耗、体增重、脏器系数与对照组相比均无显著差异（P>0.05）。各处理组血常规指标、低剂量组血液生化指标与正常对照组相比均无显著差异（P>0.05）;高、中剂量组除血液总胆固醇（CHO）、甘油三酯（TG）显著低于对照组（P<0.05）外,其他血液生化指标均无显著差异（P>0.05）;高、中剂量组总胆固醇和甘油三酯均在大鼠正常生化指标范围内;解剖及主要脏器HE染色检查均未发现明显变化。试验结果表明,黄丝藻粉属于实际无毒物质;5 000 mg/kg添加剂量喂养大鼠90 d,未观察到明显的有害作用,有望在动物饲料中添加应用。     

931饲用生物添加剂对大鼠急性和亚慢性毒性试验

用大鼠进行９３１饲用生物添加剂的急性和亚慢性毒试验，结果，其ＬＤ５０大于１２．０ｇ／ｋｇ体重，无任何毒性反应。经９０天饲喂，大鼠的行为、饮食无异常变化，６０天内的平均增重和饮料利用率均高于对照组。     

乌锦颗粒剂的急性毒性与亚慢性毒性试验研究

本研究旨在评价乌锦颗粒剂的毒性,为临床安全用药提供理论依据。试验分别以昆明小鼠和Wistar大鼠为研究对象,进行急性毒性试验和亚慢性毒性试验研究。急性毒性试验结果显示,乌锦颗粒剂的半数致死量(LD₅₀)>40 g/kg体重,最大给药量为160 g/kg体重,相当于临床用药量的80倍;在亚慢性毒性试验中,动物一般情况正常,试验组Wistar大鼠增重和饲料消耗量与对照组相比无显著差异(P>0.05);与对照组相比,高剂量组中雌鼠血清胆红素(T-BIL)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、尿素氮(BUN)和肌酐(CREA)及雄鼠CREA和肝脏指数均有显著差异(P<0.05),而其他指标与对照组相比差异均不显著(P>0.05);低剂量组和中剂量组Wistar大鼠血常规、血液生化指标和脏器指数与对照组相比差异均不显著(P>0.05);病理学检查发现高剂量组Wistar大鼠肝脏出现轻微颗粒变性,其他组Wistar大鼠组织结构清晰正常。结果表明,高剂量的乌锦颗粒剂能抑制肝脏对游离胆红素的摄入及蛋白质的合成;低剂量和中剂量乌锦颗粒剂此作用不明显。综合分析,乌锦颗粒剂临床用药是安全的。     

Study on Acute and Sub-chronic Toxicity of Wu Jin Granules

In order to evaluate the toxicity of Wu Jin granules for the guidance of clinical treatment, the acute and sub-chronic toxicity were assessed in KM mice and Wistar rats, respectively.The results of acute toxicity test suggested that the LD₅₀ of Wu Jin granules was >40 g/(kg·BW), maximal tolerance dose was 160 g/(kg·BW), equivalent to 80 times of clinical dosage.In sub-chronic toxicity test, the growth and general behavior of the animals appeared normal.Compared with the control group, weight gain and feed consumption of Wistar rats in the treatment groups had no significant difference (P>0.05).In high dose group, serum bilirubin (T-BIL), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (CREA) of female Wistar rats, whereas CREA levels and liver index of male Wistar rats were significant difference (P<0.05), and the differences in other indexes were not significant (P>0.05); Hematological indexes, biochemical indexes of blood and organ index of Wistar rats in low dose group and medium dose group were not significantly different compared to the control group (P>0.05).Pathological examination results showed that mild granular degeneration existed in liver of Wistar rats in high dose group, whereas appeared clear and normal organizational structure of liver in Wistar rats in other groups.Wu Jin granules could inhibit intake of free bilirubin and hepatic synthesis protein in high dosage, whereas this results were not observed in other groups.Thus, the Wu Jin granules were safe in clinical treatment.     

蟾酥微丸的急性与亚慢性毒性研究

试验旨在观察蟾酥微丸对小鼠急性毒性和大鼠长期毒性作用,评价其安全性,为临床用药提供理论依据。急性毒性试验选取昆明小鼠,2次灌服蟾酥微丸,测定蟾酥微丸的急性毒性。亚慢性毒性试验选取120只SD大鼠,平均分为低、中、高蟾酥微丸药物组和空白组（给予等体积的蒸馏水）,灌胃给药,分别在连续给药28 d后和停药2周后称重,随机选取每组20只大鼠（停药后余下10只）心脏采血处死,检测血液学、血液生化指标并做病理组织学检查。急性毒性试验用药死亡时间集中在1~4 h,经计算LD₅₀为13.21 g/kg。亚慢性毒性试验中,连续给药28 d后,高、中剂量组雄性大鼠的体重与空白组差异极显著（P＜0.01）;高剂量组的谷草转氨酶与碱性磷酸酶与空白组相比差异极显著（P＜0.01）;高、中剂量组的肾脏系数与空白组相比差异极显著（P＜0.01）。经过2周停药恢复,高剂量组的生化指标恢复不佳,而中、低剂量组则恢复良好。病理学检查结果表明,高、中剂量组大鼠的肝脏、肾脏出现肿胀淤血,高剂量大鼠的肝脏表面有水泡样病灶。结果表明,蟾酥微丸的急性毒性较小,安全性较高;大剂量长期使用可导致肝脏、肾脏损伤,故临床应用要注意剂量和疗程。     

Acute and Sub-chronic Toxicity Study of Chansu Pellets

The aim of the experiment was to observe the acute toxicity and the long-term toxicity of Chansu pellets in mice, and to evaluate its safety and provide the theoretical basis for clinical use. Kunming mice were selected for acute toxicity test. The acute toxicity of Chansu pellets was determined by oral administration to mice twice. In the sub-chronic toxicity test, 120 SD rats were divided into low, middle and high dose groups and the control group (the same volume of distilled water) intragastric administration. Respectively, after 28 d of continuous administration and 2 weeks after drug withdrawal, the rats were weighed, and 20 rats (10 mice remaining after cessation of administration) in each group were sacrificed at random. The hematological and biochemical parameters were measured and the histopathological examination was performed. In the acute toxicity, time of death concentrated in 1 to 4 h. LD₅₀ was 13.21 g/kg. In the sub-chronic, after 28 d of continuous dosing, the body weights of male rats of high dose group and the control group were extremely significantly different (P <0.01). Aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase of high dose group were extremely significantly different (P <0.01) compared with control group. Kidneys coefficients of high and middle dose groups compared with control group were extremely significantly different (P <0.01). After two weeks the withdrawal recovery, biochemical indicators of high dose group's recovery was not good. Middle and low dose groups had good recovery. Pathological examination showed that high and middle dose groups' rat liver and kidney swelling congestion. High dose rat liver surface were blister-like lesions. The results showed that Chansu pellets were less acute toxicity. Long-term use of large doses could cause liver and kidney damage. Therefore, we should pay attention to dose and duration of treatment in clinical application.     

Study on Acute Toxicity and Sub-chronic Toxicity of the Extract of Rehmannia glutinosa

The purpose of this experiment was to study the acute toxicity and long-term sub-chronic toxicity of the extract of Rehmannia glutinosa in mice, evaluate the clinical safety of medication and provide theoretical basis for clinical application. Mice were chosen to measure the median lethal dose (LD₅₀) and maximal tolerance dose (MTD). In the sub-chronic toxicity test, 80 SD rats were divided into four groups:Low dose, middle dose, high dose test groups with the extract of Rehmannia glutinosa and control group with normal saline for 30 d. On the 31th day, the rats were killed and the blood routine index, biochemistry index and the organ coefficient were measured. The MTD was 61.54 g/kg, according to the judgmental standard of the acute toxicity, the extract of Rehmannia glutinosa was safe. The sub-chronic toxicity test results showed that there were no significant difference in body weight and blood chemistry indexes and organ coefficient among the four groups (P>0.05) and there were no pathological change because of the medication. The result indicated that the extract of Rehmannia glutinosa was no acute toxicity under the condition of this test according to acute toxicity classification standard of exogenous by WTO, and it was no sub-chronic toxicity too, which suggested the extract had a good clinical safety.     

地黄提取物的急性毒性和亚慢性毒性试验研究

试验通过考察地黄提取物的急性毒性和亚慢性毒性,评价其安全性,为临床用药提供理论依据。急性毒性试验采用昆明种小鼠进行半数致死量（LD₅₀）和最大给药量（MTD）的测定。亚慢性毒性选取80只SD大鼠,分为低、中、高地黄提取物组和对照组,连续灌胃30 d,试验结束后进行血液常规和血液生化指标检测,处死后测定脏器系数,并做病理组织学观察。急性毒性试验结果显示,在试验期内未发现小鼠死亡,未测得LD₅₀,小鼠最大给药量为61.54 g/kg。亚慢性毒性结果显示,各给药组大鼠的体重、血液生化指标、脏器系数及内脏组织病理学观察与对照组均无显著差异（P>0.05）,未见与药物作用有关的病理变化。结果表明,在本试验条件下,根据世界卫生组织（WTO）有关外源性化学物急性毒性分级标准,地黄提取物属实际无毒物质,结合急性毒性和亚慢性毒性试验结果,说明按临床剂量使用地黄提取物是安全无毒的。     

仔泻康口服液的急性毒性和亚慢性毒性试验研究

试验旨在通过小鼠急性毒性试验和大鼠亚慢性毒性试验对仔泻康口服液进行安全性评价,为临床安全用药提供理论依据。在急性毒性试验中,采用最大给药剂量对36只昆明小鼠进行灌胃给药。在亚慢性毒性试验中,将80只大鼠,随机均分成高、中、低剂量组和对照组,高、中、低剂量组分别按24、12和6 g/kg体重灌胃给药,对照组给予等体积生理盐水,连续给药30 d,停药后称量大鼠体重、检测血常规指标、血液生化指标、计算脏器指数并观察组织病理变化等。结果显示,在急性毒性试验中,各剂量组均无小鼠死亡,无法计算LD₅₀,最大耐受量试验也无死亡情况;在亚慢性毒性试验中,该口服液对大鼠生长发育没有影响;经剖检,仅高剂量组可见中央静脉远端的肝细胞有不同程度的肿大,但未见坏死和炎性反应,其他各剂量组的实质器官均未发现异常变化;各剂量组血液学指标、血液生化指标和脏器指数均在正常范围内,与对照组相比均无显著差异（P>0.05）。结果表明,根据外源化学物急性毒性分级（WHO）标准,该制剂属于无毒物质,安全性较高,在合理剂量下,临床使用仔泻康口服液是安全的。     

Acute and Sub-chronic Toxicity Test on Rats of a New Kind of Antidiarrheal Chinese Herbal Medicine Compound Preparation for Livestock

In order to understand the security of a new kind of antidiarrheal Chinese herbal medicine compound preparation for livestock,acute and sub-chronic toxicity test were conducted.Acute toxicity test used the largest drug dose method,20 Wistar rats were orally treated with the Chinese medicine compound preparation.In the sub-chronic toxicity test,80 rats were randomly divided into 4 groups with 20 rats in each group and orally given a dose of 3 000,1 500,750 and 0 mg/(kg·BW）of Chinese medicine compound preparation once a day for 30 days.The general clinical status was observed,rats weight were measured and the dose was adjusted every week during the test,after the test measured blood routine index,biochemistry index,and preceded the gross anatomy observation,weighing each major organs and calculated the viscera coefficient,and proceded main viscera histopathological observation between the high dose group and the control group.The acute toxicity results showed that every rat would be alive gavaged with the lethal dose（LD₅₀）of compound preparation larger 5 g/(kg·BW).The sub-chronic toxicity autopsy showed that except heart,lung,and testicles in individual rats appeared mild bleeding in the high dose group,the other dose group organs found no abnormal change.The haematological index showed except mononuclear cell rate（P<0.05),and hematocrit declined significantly（P<0.05）in the high dose group,all the indexes of the other groups were in the normal range,there was no significant difference from the control group.The test suggested the Chinese medicine compound preparation was no toxicity under the condition of this test according to acute toxicity classification standard of exogenous chemicals by WTO,there was no effect on the growth and development of rats in the sub-chronic toxicity test,and there was no chronic toxicity at least 1 500 mg/kg feeding conditions in short-term repeated application.     

人参叶口服液对大鼠的亚慢性毒性试验

将Wistar大鼠随机分为4组,3个剂量组(以人参皂苷计)分别按40、80、160 mg/kg体重给大鼠灌胃,对照组给予同体积生理盐水,1次/d,连续28 d,记录大鼠毒副反应.停药后继续观察14 d,测试大鼠体重、血液学指标、血液生化学指标、脏器指数.结果表明,各剂量组大鼠与对照组比较,给药期与恢复期的体重增长,血液...