饲用酸化剂中甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、乳酸、柠檬酸的同步测定

实验建立利用高效液相色谱同时测定饲用酸化剂中甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、乳酸、柠檬酸含量的方法。采用Grom-Sil org acid柱(250 mm×2.1 mm,5μm)进行分析。流动相为pH值2.5磷酸水溶液;流速为1.0 ml/min;检测波长为210 nm;柱温为30℃。在此色谱条件下,5种有机酸分离良好。平均回收率均大于85%,RSD小于10.0%。对实际样品的检测结果表明:该方法操作简便易行,准确可靠。     

核酸免疫与核酸疫苗

核酸疫苗是最近几年从基因治疗研究领域发展起来的一种全新免疫防治剂。核酸疫苗是指将含有编码某种抗原蛋白基因序列的质粒载体作为疫苗 ,直接导入动物细胞内 ,通过宿主细胞的转录系统合成抗原蛋白 ,诱导宿主产生对该抗原蛋白的免疫应答 ,从而使被接种动物获得相应的免疫保护。免疫应答包括细胞激活、细胞因子分泌、细胞毒淋巴细胞 (CTL)产生以及特异性抗体形成等。因此 ,核酸疫苗又称基因疫苗或裸DNA疫苗。这种免疫称为核酸免疫、基因免疫、遗传免疫或DNA介导免疫等。核酸疫苗与传统疫苗相比有许多潜在的优势 ,从而被誉为第三次疫苗革…     

叶酸

叶酸也称为蝶酰谷氨酸,由三个基本部分构成：一个蝶啶内核,一个对氨基苯甲酸残基,以及一个谷氨酸分子;其生物学活性形式即为叶酸。天然叶酸是一种结合体,存在于每一个活细胞中,并存在于豆类中以及小麦的胚芽中。通常用于商品禽饲料的饲料原料不能提供足够量的叶酸来满足全部的营养需     

乳酸菌的耐酸性机制

<正>乳酸菌是一类能利用可发酵糖产生大量乳酸的细菌的通称。乳酸菌在自然界分布广泛,可栖居于人和动物的肠道以及其它器官内。很久以前人们就利用乳酸菌来发酵动物制品(乳、肉、鱼等)和植物制品(蔬菜、葡萄酒、橄榄等)。随着食品发酵工业的不断发展壮大,开发利用乳酸菌的经济效益也不断在增长。虽然乳酸菌在发酵食品中的含量非常少,但是对食品的感官品质和质量却有决定性作用,因此,发酵剂菌株的质量功能特性和生长特性对于产品的成功发酵是非常必要的。乳酸菌不但包括在食品发酵中使用的一     

脂肪酸的吸收与脂肪酸结合蛋白

脂肪酸在动物体内的消化吸收是一个非常复杂的过程,需要通过小肠上皮细胞的消化、吸收和转运。脂肪酸吸收研究方法主要分为体内法和体外法。脂肪酸的吸收主要发生在小肠的前2/3部分,而小肠上皮细胞内含有脂肪酸结合蛋白对脂肪酸的吸收以及脂肪酸在细胞内的转运具有极其重要的作用。文中主要综述了脂肪酸的吸收及脂肪酸结合蛋白的相关功能,着重概括了小肠内表达的I-FABP、L-FABP两种蛋白。     

高效液相色谱法测定青贮饲料桑中的乳酸、乙酸和丙酸含量条件探讨

本文应用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）对青贮饲料桑中的乳酸、乙酸和丙酸含量测定进行了研究。通过对色谱柱、流动相、流速及样品处理条件进行优化，建立了一种应用HPLC法同时测定青贮饲料桑中乳酸、乙酸和丙酸含量的方法。研究结果表明：乳酸、乙酸和丙酸在一定浓度下具有良好的线性关系，且相关系数R2均大于0.999，加标回收率为98.35% ~ 104.24%，标准品中回收率和精密度试验相对标准偏差（RSD）为0.01%~0.58%，表明该方法准确性较好。3种物质检出限为4.928 ~ 9.489 mg/L，适用于青贮饲料桑中有机酸的定量检测。 [关键词] 高效液相色谱（HPLC）|青贮饲料桑|乳酸|乙酸|丙酸     

家禽烟酸缺乏症

烟酸又名尼克酸,包括烟酸(吡啶-3-羧酸)和烟酰胺(动物体内烟酸的主要存在形式)两种物质,均具有烟酸活性。烟酸易变成烟酸酰胺(小肠粘膜上),在组织中与蛋白质结合,变成辅酶NAD (烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸)和NADP (烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸),是氧化还原反应中的氧化态辅酶。烟酸     

三氯异氰脲酸的研究概况

三氯异氰脲酸作为一种有机氯胺消毒剂,已广泛应用于水产养殖等行业。为了进一步研究其在鱼体内的消除规律与残留状况,建立简便、快速、灵敏的检测方法,对其理化性质、毒性、特点、应用现状和含量检测进行了综述。     

Acetic acid and 3-hydroxybutyric acid levels in cerebrospinal fluid of cattle

To evaluate the importance of acetic acid and 3-hydroxybutyric acid (3-HB) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of cattle, CSF samples were taken from a population of 60 cattle including healthy and sick animals with central nervous disorders. Mean acetic acid and 3-HB levels in blood plasma were 0.30 (SD 0.24) and 0.30 (SD 0.28) mM, and those in CSF were 0.14 (SD 0.06) and 0.08 (SD 0.07) mM, respectively. Significant differences were observed between plasma and CSF samples for both acetic acid and 3-HB levels. Acetic acid levels in CSF showed less relationship with those in blood plasma, whereas plasma 3-HB levels accompanied proportional changes with its CSF levels, which were about 30% of plasma 3-HB. It was revealed that both acetic acid and 3-HB levels in plasma and CSF have less relationship to glucose levels in plasma and CSF; therefore, the decrease of glucose levels in plasma or CSF is not necessarily accompanied by hyperketonemia.     

鲜牦牛肉氨基酸与脂肪酸组成分析评价

为分析评价鲜牦牛肉的氨基酸及脂肪酸组成及营养价值,采用氨基酸分析仪测定了氨基酸并进行氨基酸评分(AAS),脂肪酸甲酯的气相色谱分析法分析了脂肪酸。结果表明:从新鲜牦牛肉中检测出十七种氨基酸和十种脂肪酸。新鲜牦牛肉的氨基酸总量为19.19g/100g,EAA/TAA为38.83%,EAA/NEAA为63.31%;脂肪含量3.99g/100g,脂肪酸含量为51.63%。鲜牦牛肉是一种具有独特风味的优质蛋白质来源,也是具有均衡脂肪酸的高营养价值的鲜肉。     

HPLC法测定复方多聚甲醛粉中水杨酸和苯甲酸

建立了HPLC法测定复方多聚甲醛粉中水杨酸和苯甲酸的方法。采用AgilentZORBAXEclipseXDB-C18色谱柱（4．6mm×250mm,5μm）,以0．05mol／L磷酸二氢钾溶液（pH6．0）-甲醇（90：10）为流动相,流速1．0mL／min,检测波长230nm,柱温40cC,进样量10μL,以外标法定量。水杨酸和苯甲酸在1．0～50μg／mL范围内均线性关系良好,相关系数r均为0．9999,平均回收率分别为99．06％～99．69％（RSD=0．09％～0．63％）和99．12％～99．73％（RSD=0．16％～0．48％）,n=3。本方法简便、准确,可快速测定复方多聚甲醛粉中水杨酸和苯甲酸的含量,为产品质量控制提供了依据。     

Effect of amino acid deficiency on precaecal amino acid digestibility in broiler chickens

In this study, we determined whether deficient dietary amino acid (AA) concentrations influence the precaecal (pc) AA digestibility when determined using the regression approach. We mixed two basal diets. Basal diet 1 was deficient in essential AAs, whereas adequate AA concentrations were ensured in basal diet 2 by adding free AAs. Rapeseed cake and full‐fat soya beans as test ingredients were included in the basal diets at levels of 100 and 200, and 150 and 300 g/kg, respectively, at the expense of maize starch. Each diet was tested with six replicates of 10 broiler chickens each. The feed intake of the chickens that were fed diets based on basal diet 2 was similar, whereas the feed intake of the chickens that were fed diets based on basal diet 1 differed considerably. The numerical differences in pc AA digestibility determined with basal diet 1 or 2 ranged from 2.6 percentage points to 20.8 percentage points in rapeseed cake and from 0.5 percentage points to 15.2 percentage points in soya beans. Across all measured AAs, the average differences were 10.1 percentage points and 5.4 percentage points in rapeseed cake and soya beans, respectively. The differences in the estimated pc AA digestibility between the basal diets were probably caused by different basal endogenous AA losses in the digesta between treatments as a consequence of different feed intake. Adequate AA concentrations and test ingredient levels that are specifically adjusted to avoid a negative effect on feed intake are recommended for future studies.     

动物营养代谢中的酸碱平衡

动物维持正常的酸碱平衡,是发挥机体细胞整体功能效应的必要前提。当某种酶活性对微小ｐＨ值变化敏感时,许多中间代谢产物反应,调控着动物细胞酸碱平衡。酸碱平衡是氢离子浓度的一种功能。当难于测定细胞内液和亚细胞内ｐＨ变化时,一般测定细胞外液中氢离子浓度,大多数哺乳动物细胞外液氢离子浓度维持在低水平状态(40×10-9ｍｏｌ/Ｌ或40ｎＥｑ/Ｌ,ｐＨ74)。细胞内液氢离子浓度比细胞外液高,哺乳动物肌肉细胞胞液ｐＨ值67～71变化,这种差异是维持细胞内代谢产物浓度的重要因子。但在细胞内,亚细胞器与胞液间也存在氢离子浓度差异。线粒体内…     

Amino acid interactions in chick nutrition. 3. Interdependence in amino acid requirements

The quantitative nature of specific interactions between certain indispensable amino acids has been examined in a series of factorial experiments with young chicks.

It was demonstrated that when the dietary concentration of lysine was 1.10 per cent, the arginine requirement of the chick was 0.80 per cent. When the lysine concentration was raised to 1.35, 1.60 or 1.85 per cent of the diet, the arginine requirement was increased to 0.92, 1.04 and 1.15 per cent of the diet respectively. In another experiment, it was found that when due importance had been attached to the interaction between lysine and arginine, the requirements for these amino acids could be lowered to 0.94 per cent and 0.81 per cent respectively. These concentrations are considerably lower than those normally recommended for young chicks.

The interrelationship between leucine and isoleucine has also been defined in quantitative terms. At concentrations of 1.40, 2.15 or 2.90 per cent leucine, the isoleucine requirement was 0.58, 0.62 and 0.65 per cent of the diet respectively.

In a further study, a similar dependence of valine requirements upon the dietary concentration of leucine was observed: at concentrations of 1.40, 2.40 or 3.40 per cent leucine, the valine requirement was shown to be 0.77, 0.89 and 1.01 per cent respectively. The results of the experiment on the threonine‐tryptophan interaction indicated that at concentrations of 0.80, 1.30, 1.80 or 2.30 per cent threonine, the tryptophan requirement was 0.17, 0.18, 0.19 and 0.20 per cent of the diet respectively.

The results of the present study permit the general conclusion that the requirements of amino acids are interdependent.     

独活寄生汤配合治疗雏鸭烟酸和泛酸缺乏症

在肉鸭养殖过程中 ,种雏鸭烟酸和泛酸缺乏所致的瘫症 ,在某些地区发病率很高。我们对河南省的许昌、禹州等县市的 1 97家种鸭户进行调查 ,仅2 0 0 2年 3月到 2 0 0 2年 5月就有 1 9户近 2万只种蛋雏鸭患有此病 ,死亡约 30 0 0余只 ,5 0 0 0余只留有严重的后遗症。平均发病率 1 0 %左右 ,病死率 1 5 %左右 ,留有后遗症的占发病总数的 2 5 %左右。其他也有轻重不同的生产力下降问题。治疗重在相应物质的补充 ,但还是有大批量的病鸭留有后遗症。对此 ,我们使用中药成方独活寄生汤加减进一步治疗 ,收到明显效果。介绍如下1　材料与方法1 .1　试…     

利用苯甲酸控制沙门氏菌

正由于抗生素的使用受到越来越大的压力,寻找抗生素替代品的工作正在紧锣密鼓地进行。对沙门氏菌感染来说,苯甲酸被证明是一种几乎可以达到与抗生素相同效果的替代物。有机酸对食源性致病菌的抗菌效果自古以来已经为人们所熟知,其作用源自其具有可产生一种酸性进而不利于大多数致病菌进行生存和繁殖的环境。这就是有机酸的一种抑菌效果,因为细菌没有被直接杀死,但     

脂肪酸与基因表达

综述了脂肪酸对基因表达的调控，对脂肪酸合成酶基因表达的影响，多不饱和脂肪酸对基因表达调控作用以及植物脂肪酸对基因工程的调控，具有广泛而重要的生物学功能，并对其进行了研究讨论。