玉米大面积高产综合配套技术研究开发与示范

“九五”国家重中之重科技攻关课题“玉米大面积高产综合配套技术研究开发与示范”,在吉林省政府主持下,在省科委和省农业厅等部门的组织协调下,经过省内外１９个课题承担单位、协作单位、招标单位和１１个示范县（市）的７００多名科研、推广和管理人员的共同努力,取得了重大的阶段性成果和显著的增产效益。在部分县（市）遭受到特大洪涝灾害的情况下,仍获得了增产１５６亿ｋｇ的好成绩,全面超额完成了１９９８年度任务指标。１　课题的总体进展情况概述遵照国家科委“地方政府搭台,科技机构唱戏”的改革精神和省协调领导小组提出…     

简讯与小资料

“八五”国家科技攻关“花生新品种选育技术研究”课题计划会在郑州召开 1992年11月26—28日在郑洲召开了“八五”国家攻关“花生新品种选育技术研究”课题计划会。承担任务的12个单位都出席了会议。这次会议主要是传达国家科委召开的“八五”国家农业科技攻关农作物新品种选育项目工作研讨会的精神,总结交流课题进展情况,研究和部署1993年课题阶段性验收评估的各项准备工作,并就“如何加速花生新品种转化为生产力”进行了专题研讨,同时参观学习了河南省农科院及经作所的改革开放经验。     

甜菜育种材料和方法研究专题通过验收

根据农业部、科技部、财政部等国家部门关于“九五”国家重点科技攻关计划项目验收工作的通知精神,农业部科技发展中心于2000年11月9日～10日在北京召开“九五”国家科技攻关项目96－002－02“主要农作物育种材料和育种方法研究”课题所属专题验收会。“九五”国家科技攻关甜菜育种材料和方法专题是由中国农业科学院甜菜研究所主持,由国内多家甜菜优势科研、教学单位共同承担的。经5年科技攻关,在专题主持单位的组织协调和参加攻关科技人员的努力下,筛选出48份达到或超过攻关合同考核指标的甜菜育种材料,其中抗病材料24份、丰产高糖材…     

“粮食丰产科技工程”河南课题 超额完成目标任务顺利通过国家验收

国家“十五”科技攻关重大项目“粮食丰产科技工程”河南课题，在国家小麦工程技术研究中心的主持下，河南省科技厅组织河南省农科院、河南农业大学、河南省农业厅和23个县市等单位的300多名科技人员，通过三年来的协作攻关，在7项关键技术上获得突破，在全省三大生态区形成了适合不同产量水平的小麦、夏玉米两熟丰产高效集成技术体系，     

“大豆大面积高产综合配套技术研究开发与示范”课题1997年年度进展情况报告

“九五”国家重中之重科技攻关项目“大豆大面积高产综合配套技术研究开发与示范”课题，自１９９５年启动，１９９６年开始全面实施，由于黑龙江省委、省政府的重视，由于承担课题任务的各个科研单位、生产单位以及市、县、场各级政府和有关部门的共同努力，协同动作，１...     

杂交水稻高产、优质、多抗新组合选育

“八五”国家科技攻关重点专题之一“杂交水稻高产、优质、多抗新组合选育”．在全国19个单位140多位科技人员的共同努力下,1991～1993年已育成通过省级以上审定的新组合19个,省级认定组合1个,省级鉴定的新不育系4个。     

“八五”棉花新品种选育技术研究成绩显著

“八五”棉花新品种选育技术研究成绩显著刘建功，谢方灵，杨晓东中国农科院棉花所安阳４５５１１２“八五”国家科技攻关棉花新品种选育技术研究（８５－００３－０１）课题，由中国农业科学院棉花研究所主持，３９个单位３８９人事加攻关研究。通过５年的攻关，共育成棉...     

巴彦县“大豆大面积高产综合配套技术研究开发与示范”课题实施方案

此课题是“九五”国家科技攻关计划项目。 4项内容已在 ( 1995 -2 0 0 0年 )总体实施方案中阐明 ,现将 2 0 0 0年课题实施方案制定如下 :1　课题总体目标和计划进度1 1　总体目标课题计划面积 78 2万亩 ,其中辐射田 70万亩 ,示范田 6万亩 ,试验田 2万亩 ,样板田 0 2万亩。在巴彦县政府推动下 ,以 70万亩大面积高产为目标 ,通过综合高产配套技术的试验、开发与示范 ,按照组装 -显示 -研究 -提高的路线 ,经过四年的实践 ,计划平均亩产达到 15 5公斤 ,比实施前四年平均亩增产大豆 3 5公斤 ,超过项目最终达标值。同时研究形成一套标准化、规范…     

“油菜等重要经济作物促生／生防细菌、制剂和应用”通过成果鉴定

2005年元月20日，由中国农业科学院油料作物研究所主持承担的国家科技攻关重点课题和武汉市科技攻关项目“油菜等重要经济作物促生／生防细菌、制剂和应用”项目通过了武汉市科技局组织的成果鉴定。     

“八五”国家攻关马铃薯课题（85—004—03）1994年工作会议纪要

“八五”国家攻关马铃薯课题（８５—００４—０３）１９９４年工作会议纪要国家“八五”科技攻关马铃薯新品种选育及育种技术研究课题工作会议，在农业部科技司和中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所的领导和关怀下，在山西省农业科学院高寒作物所的大力支持下，由黑龙江省农业...     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。     

Advances in Variable Rate Technology Application in Potato in The Netherlands

Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed.     

我国高粱育种研究进展

对我国高粱育种的主要途径和研究方向进行了概述,针对目前高粱产量徘徊现象,提出了高粱超高产育种设想,并对其技术路线进行了探讨。     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.