共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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张威廖锡良喻德跃阚贵珍 《土壤与作物》2018,7(3):284-292
大豆是重要的粮食和经济作物。盐害作为主要非生物胁迫之一,对大豆的生长、结瘤、农艺性状、种子品质和籽粒数造成负面影响,最终会降低大豆的产量。了解盐害对大豆生产造成的具体影响,能够帮助育种工作者在耐盐育种时进行针对性精确耐盐表型选择。分子标记辅助选择育种是一种高效的育种方法,可促进大豆耐盐品种育种进程;而从基因组水平上了解大豆耐盐相关机制,则为 相似文献
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利用SSR标记分析藜麦品种的遗传多样性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了解藜麦种质资源的多样性,本研究利用SSR引物对所搜集的41个藜麦种质的多态性及其亲缘关系进行了分析。结果表明,从54对SSR引物中筛选出了16对能明显扩增出稳定的多态性条带的引物,共检测出139个等位基因条带,每一对引物的等位基因个数为3~13,平均为8.7;16对引物的多态信息含量(PIC)变幅为0.208~0.432,平均为0.366。UPGMA聚类分析显示,41份材料的遗传相似系数(GS)在0.374~0.906之间,平均相似系数为0.626。在阀值(GS)约为0.665时,41份材料可分为4大类。其中614929与B.B.Quinoa浙Ⅰ间的遗传相似系数最小,为0.374,表明来源于不同地区的遗传距离较远,遗传基础较广泛。藜麦品种资源间的亲缘关系的揭示为藜麦资源保存和新品种选育提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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Summary The response of two-week-old seedlings of 35 cultivars of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) to increasing NaCl concentrations was assessed in solution culture under growth room conditions. Shoot length, used as the criterion for assessing salt tolerance, was found to decrease significantly with increasing NaCl concentration for all cultivars, but there was considerable variation in response between, and within cultivars. It is concluded that selection between and within cultivars should lead to increased salt tolerance in this species. 相似文献
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Muhammad Usman Aslam Muhammad Farrukh Saleem Muhammad Waqas Rashid Iqbal Salman Ahmad 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2020,51(7):853-868
ABSTRACTClimate change is imposing high temperature resulting in prolonged drought episodes and shrinking of fresh water resources across the globe. In this scenario, even drought tolerant crops like quinoa are also losing significant yield. However, this study was planned to investigate the impact of drought on quinoa at critical growth stages and bacterial inoculation to improve drought tolerance. Drought was imposed by maintaining 25% pot water holding capacity (PWC) at multiple leaf, flowering, and seed filling stage (DSFS), while 80% PWC was considered as control. Three strains of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) named as: Bacillus licheniformis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Azospirillum brasilense were inoculated with quinoa seeds before sowing with respect to drought treatments. PGPR inoculation mitigated the drastic effects of drought by improving crop growth, net assimilation rate, water use efficiency, leaf chlorophyll, and phenolic contents, all of these ultimately contributed to improvement in grain yield and its contributing attributes. Moreover, PGPR markedly improves the grain quality attributes including protein, phosphorus, and potassium contents. Principal component analysis linked the different scales of study and demonstrated the potential of physio-biochemical traits to explain the quinoa yield variations under drought condition with response to PGPR inoculation. Among different PGPR, A. brasilense was found most effective both under normal and drought conditions. Overall, DSFS has more detrimental effects among critical growth stages of quinoa and A. brasilense can be used as a shotgun tactic to ameliorate drought stress in quinoa. 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(18):2294-2308
ABSTRACTAn experiment was conducted in a randomized factorial design with three replicates to elucidate the comparative tolerance of tomato genotypes and hybrids against salinity (NaCl) and nickel (Ni) toxicity. Six tomato genotypes and two hybrids were exposed to different levels of NaCl (0, 75 and 150 mM) and Ni (0, 15 and 20 mg L?1) in hydroponics for 4 weeks. Increasing levels of NaCl and Ni significantly decreased the growth of all the genotypes. Cluster analysis for relative tolerance of the genotypes and hybrids showed that the genotype “Naqeeb” is the most tolerant whereas the genotype “Nadir” proved to be the most sensitive against both the NaCl and Ni-toxicity. Leaf tissues Na+ and Ni concentration significantly increased by increasing NaCl and Ni levels in the growth medium with tolerant genotype “Naqeeb” showing the lowest and sensitive genotype “Nadir” with the highest concentration. Antagonistic relation between uptake of Na+ and Ni was observed in all the genotypes and hybrids. Results revealed that tomato genotypes and hybrids shared the same defense mechanism against salinity and Ni-toxicity tolerance. The genotypes tolerant against one stress can be regarded as tolerant against other stress as well. 相似文献
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花椰菜种质资源萌发期耐盐性综合评价 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以98份花椰菜自交系资源为试材,测定了盐胁迫下种子的发芽率(GP)、发芽势(GR)、发芽指数(GI)、活力指数(VI)、苗高(SH)和根长(RL)等指标的耐盐系数,采用隶属函数法进行了耐盐性的综合评价。结果表明:花椰菜种质材料萌发期的耐盐性强弱评价结果受多个指标的影响。运用模糊数学隶属函数法,并赋予测定指标以相应的权重,计算出种质材料耐盐性强弱的综合评价D值,对98份种质材料耐盐性的强弱进行了综合评价和排序。综合评价D值与GP、GR、GI、VI、SH、RL的耐盐系数隶属函数值的相关性均达极显著水平(r=0.910**、0.921**、0.955**、0.972**、0.585**、0.686**),综合评价D值可以全面反映供试种质材料的耐盐性。分别对综合评价D值、GP、GR、GI、VI、SH、RL的隶属函数值进行聚类分析比较,发现GR、GI、VI、RL可以作为花椰菜种质材料萌发期耐盐性筛选的指标,而GP、SH不宜直接作为花椰菜种质材料萌发期耐盐性筛选的指标。基于综合评价D值聚类分析,可以将98份种质材料的耐盐性分为强、中、弱、差四大群类,其中有7份材料属于强耐盐性群类的种质,可供花椰菜耐盐性品种选育改良利用及耐盐性机制、耐盐遗传机理等方面研究。 相似文献
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为探明不同藜麦品种在东乡地区的适应性与丰产性表现,以期筛选出适合东乡地区种植推广的藜麦品种,对引进和自育的14个藜麦品种在东乡不同生态区进行了适应性试验,结果表明,在老庄村试点,品种陇藜1号(CK)表现出良好的抗倒伏性与丰产性,陇藜5号表现出良好的抗倒伏性与较好的丰产性;在米家村试点和南阳洼村试点,陇藜5号均表现出良好的抗倒伏性与丰产性。陇藜5号表现出优异的早熟特性,籽粒品相也优于陇藜1号。综合评价认为,陇藜5号在东乡半干旱地区具有更高的推广价值。 相似文献
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《核农学报》2012,26(2)
以98份花椰菜自交系资源为试材,测定了盐胁迫下种子的发芽率(GP)、发芽势(GR)、发芽指数(GI)、活力指数(VI)、苗高(SH)和根长(RL)等指标的耐盐系数,采用隶属函数法进行了耐盐性的综合评价。结果表明:花椰菜种质材料萌发期的耐盐性强弱评价结果受多个指标的影响。运用模糊数学隶属函数法,并赋予测定指标以相应的权重,计算出种质材料耐盐性强弱的综合评价D值,对98份种质材料耐盐性的强弱进行了综合评价和排序。综合评价D值与GP、GR、GI、VI、SH、RL的耐盐系数隶属函数值的相关性均迭极显著水平(r=0.910^**、0.921^**、0.955^**、0.972^**、0.585^**、0.686^**),综合评价D值可以全面反映供试种质材料的耐盐性。分别对综合评价D值、GP、GR、GI、VI、SH、RL的隶属函数值进行聚类分析比较,发现GR、GI、VI、RL可以作为花椰菜种质材料萌发期耐盐性筛选的指标,而GP、SH不宜直接作为花椰菜种质材料萌发期耐盐性筛选的指标。基于综合评价D值聚类分析,可以将98份种质材料的耐盐性分为强、中、弱、差四大群类,其中有7份材料属于强耐盐性群类的种质,可供花椰菜耐盐性品种选育改良利用及耐盐性机制、耐盐遗传机理等方面研究。 相似文献
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不同苜蓿品种种子发芽对盐胁迫的响应 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
[目的]针对内蒙古西部地区草地土壤盐碱化,选择盐碱土壤的主要成分NaCl和Na_2SO_4配成混合盐溶液进行室内发芽试验,筛选适合当地种植的耐盐苜蓿品种,为内蒙古西部盐碱草场的苜蓿种植提供理论依据。[方法]将NaCl和Na_2SO_4按摩尔浓度1∶1,用蒸馏水配成含盐量0.0%,0.2%,0.4%,0.6%,0.8%,1.0%,1.2%,1.4%,1.6%,1.8%,2.0%共11个梯度盐溶液,对25个苜蓿品种进行发芽试验,测定种子发芽率、相对发芽指数、种子相对简易活力指数,进行耐盐类型的划分。[结果]轻度盐分胁迫(0.2%和0.4%盐浓度)促进了苜蓿种子发芽,提高了种子的发芽率、相对发芽指数、种子相对简易活力指数;不同苜蓿品种间种子发芽的适宜盐浓度、半致死浓度、极限浓度差异较大。多数苜蓿品种的种子发芽适宜盐浓度是0.0%~0.6%,半致死盐浓度为0.8%,中草3号高达1.4%;极限盐浓度在1.0%~2.0%。[结论]综合聚类分析和种子发芽指标的表现得出,中草3号、新苜2号品种表现出较强的耐盐性,属于耐盐品种,magnumV-wet、赤草1号耐盐性较差,属盐敏感品种 相似文献
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花生耐盐碱性鉴定指标的研究及应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为确定花生品种耐盐碱性指标体系,综合评价花生品种的耐盐碱性,在花生育种田和盐碱地中分别种植了47份花生品种(系),收获期测定主茎高、侧枝长、分枝数、饱果数等9个与耐盐碱性有关的指标,利用主成分分析法对各个指标进行分析研究。结果表明,除分枝数外,8个指标被分为4个主成因子。根据各主成因子权重进行聚类分析,将47份花生品种及育种材料分为5类。其中P31、P48 2个材料为高度耐盐碱型,P45、P86、P109等6个材料为耐盐碱型,P92、花育28号、G37等18个材料为中等耐盐碱型,P24、G52、P29等16个材料为盐敏感型,花选10号、P125、P18等5个材料为盐碱高度敏感型。两端类型数量少,中间类型数量多,总体呈正态分布,为花生耐盐碱品种的筛选、培育奠定了基础。 相似文献
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滑动平均-马尔可夫模型在降水预测中的应用 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:5
中长期降水量的预测是气象科学的一个难点问题,也是水文学中的一个重要问题.根据降水过程存在大量不确定性的特点,通过聚类分析建立降水序列的分级标准,采用规范化的各阶自相关系数为权重,用滑动平均的马尔可夫链模型,通过状态转移概率矩阵预测未来时段的降水状态,并根据模糊集理论中的级别特征值计算具体的降水量,最后以隆德县水文站54年的降水资料为实例,对该方法进行了具体的应用,预测精度较高,为提高中长期降水量预报的精度提供了一条值得探索的途径. 相似文献
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Thirty eight accessions of brown mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. and Coss.) were screened after two weeks growth in solution culture containing 120 mol m‐3 NaCl. Considerable variation for salt tolerance was observed in this set of germplasm, since some accessions showed relatively vigorous growth in saline medium. In order to determine the consistency of degree of salt tolerance at different growth stages of crop life cycle two salt tolerant accessions, P‐15 and KS‐51 and two salt sensitive 85362 and 85605 were tested at the adult stage in 0(control), 100 and 200 mol m‐3 NaCl. Both the tolerant accessions produced significantly greater fresh and dry biomass and had considerably higher seed yield than those of the salt sensitive accessions. Analysis of different ions in the leaves showed that salt tolerant accessions contained greater amounts of Na+, K+ and Ca2+ than the salt sensitive accessions, although they did not differ significantly for leaf Cl‐. Only one salt tolerant accession P‐15 had greater leaf K/Na ratio and K+ versus Na+ selectivity compared with the tolerant KS‐51 and the two salt sensitive accessions. From this study it was established that there is a considerable variation for salt tolerance in B.juncea which can be exploited by selection and breeding for improvement of its salt tolerance. Since the degree of salt tolerance in B.juncea does not change at different growth stages of the crop life cycle, selection for salt tolerance at the initial growth stages could provide individuals that would be tolerant at all other growth stages. Accumulation of Na+, K+ and Ca2+ in the leaves are important components of salt tolerance in B.juncea. 相似文献
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该文以鉴别葡萄酒原产地为目的,利用快速无损的近红外光谱分析技术,对47份来自昌黎、沙城和法国波尔多(Bordeaux)的红葡萄酒样品进行逐步回归分析选取光谱区域,再进行主成分分析和聚类识别,建立了判别葡萄酒原产地的预测模型。试验结果表明:昌黎、沙城和波尔多产地的葡萄酒产地鉴别的光谱区域为1 400~1 550 nm 和2 000~ 2 300 nm;3个产地的葡萄酒在主成分特征空间中基本为独立分布,其中波尔多酒样和国内酒样间距离最远,国内昌黎和沙城酒样间有小部分交叉;利用9个独立预测集样本对由38个训练集样品所建立的预测模型进行验证,产地的正确识别率达到了88.9%。因此,应用近红外光谱分析技术可准确、快速地辨别葡萄酒的产地。 相似文献
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Narayana R. Bhat Habibah Al-Manaie Majda K. Suleiman Laila Al-Mulla Franco Famiani Gladson D'Cruz 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(1):39-50
In the harsh environmental conditions of Kuwait, plants are frequently exposed to high temperatures, low relative humidity and drought. Because water resources available for agriculture are limited, an efficient irrigation strategy is vital for sustainable olive production. In view of these facts, a study to determine the behavior and water requirement of young olive plants under Kuwait's environmental conditions was carried out. The investigation included five cultivars (cvs. Arbequina, Barnea, Coratina, Koroneiki and UC13A6) and three levels of irrigation (50, 75 and 100% of ETc) with brackish water (ECe 5.0 dS m?1). One-year-old grafted plants were used in this study. With the exception of UC13A6, the cultivars showed good adaptation to the harsh weather conditions in Kuwait and to brackish water irrigation during the first 18 months after the beginning of the irrigation treatments. Indeed, they showed good height and shoot growth, with cultivars Barnea, Arbequina and Coratina showing the highest values. Cultivar Barnea was the most vigorous variety under Kuwait's environmental conditions. Vegetative growth in these varieties was not significantly reduced in the 50% ETc treatment. This indicates huge opportunities to improve the water-use-efficiency through further investigations aimed at optimizing the amount of water supplied with irrigation. 相似文献
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为了充分利用浅层地下咸水,通过5 a的咸水畦灌播前造墒大田试验,分析了不同程度盐分胁迫(1(对照)、2、4、6、8、10 g/L)与棉花生长指标和籽棉产量的响应关系,得出不同矿化度咸水播前造墒条件下棉花的耐盐性鉴定指标及耐盐特征值。结果显示,相对出苗率、相对株高、相对叶面积、相对地上部干物质质量、相对果枝数、相对成铃数和相对蕾花铃最大值均可以作为棉花的耐盐性鉴定指标,其中相对株高易于观测,盐害指示效果好,因此作为推荐使用耐盐性鉴定指标。同时,灌溉水矿化度控制在5.48 g/L以下时,咸水造墒连续灌溉5 a后,在产量与对照相比不减产。 相似文献
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Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) yield and nutrient contents may be affected under salinity condition. Thus, this experiment was conducted to determine the effect of three salinity levels (60, 120, and 180 mM NaCl) on shoot and root dry weights, and mineral contents of three alfalfa cultivars. With the increasing salinity levels sodium (Na) and magnesium (Mg) contents increased; but potassium (K), nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), calcium (Ca), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) contents and root and leaf weights decreased; however, changes in these traits depended on cultivar and salinity level. However, Rehnani, a tolerant cultivar, had the lowest Na and Mg contents and the highest K, N, P, Ca, Zn, and Cu contents and dry weights under all of the salinity levels. Moreover, leaf dry weight and leaf P content had the highest correlation with salt tolerance suggesting that these traits may be used as a marker for selecting salts that are tolerant among genotypes in alfalfa. 相似文献
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盐胁迫对柳树新无性系苗木生长和土壤酶活性的影响 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
通过盐分胁迫下柳树2个无性系的盆栽试验,发现盐分对苗木的成活和生长都有一定的抑制作用。随着盐分浓度的提高,苗高、地上与地下部分生物量都呈下降趋势;盐分的存在同样影响到叶片叶绿素含量和脯氨酸含量的变化。通过回归分析发现,盐分浓度与叶片叶绿素含量之间存在着线性负相关关系,与脯氨酸含量之间存在着抛物线形相关关系。土壤中盐分的增加不仅影响到植物的生长发育,而且对土壤自身的物理、化学性状也产生不良效应。,同时还测定了盆栽土壤中土壤葡糖苷酶和土壤天冬酰胺酶活性的变化。结果表明这两种酶的活性都随土壤中盐分浓度的提高而下降,说明盐分对土壤的理化性状和肥力状况都产生了抑制作用。参试的2个柳树无性系中,W1的耐盐能力强于W2。 相似文献