抗旱增产的治本之策——保护性耕作

1阜新市保护性耕作发展情况1.1保护性耕作试验示范情况阜新市2001年开展保护性耕作试验工作,并始终走在全省前列。目前,全市共建立42个试验示范点,累计实施面积达9.13万hm2。彰武县、阜蒙县分别在2004年和2005年通过了农业部组织的验收,并分     

小麦 玉米保护性耕作试验研究

论述了小麦、玉米保护性耕作试验研究方法,通过分析研究成果和讨论有关问题,提出了山西省发展保护性耕作的意见。     

保护性耕作增产机理浅析

通过对保护性耕作技术的试验研究,论述了保护性耕作技术增加土壤水分,提高土壤肥力,实现增产的机理。     

保护性耕作增产机理分析

保护性耕作与传统耕作相对照，使农作物增产主要有两方面的有利因素，即土壤水分的增加和土壤肥力的提高。对于旱区农业，这是影响产量的重要因素。     

保护性耕作小麦大幅增产原因浅析

今年我省保护性耕作小麦喜获丰收,根据各地测产表明,普遍增产幅度较大,全省保护性耕作面积2．8万Km^2,约计增产小麦1．6万吨。一、小麦测产情况按照省农机办的要求。昌邑、章丘、莱州、临朐、高青、阳谷6个农业部保护性耕作项目县。麦收前分别邀请农业专家进行了测产。根据测产报告统计,     

保护性耕作小麦大幅增产原因浅析

今年山东省保护性耕作小麦喜获丰收,普遍增产幅度较大,全省保护性耕作面积41.9万亩,预计增产小麦1.6万吨。一、小麦测产情况按照山东省农机办的要求,昌邑、章丘、莱州、临朐、高青、阳谷6个农业部保护性耕作项目县,麦收前分别邀请农业专家进行了测产。根据测产报告统计,示     

保护性耕作小麦抗旱优势明显

自去年9月份以来，山东省遭遇了30年一遇的干旱，全省平均降水较常年偏少近四成。特别是入冬以来，全省基本上没有有效降雨，大部分地区甚至是零降雨。同时，还在去年底和今年初遭遇了两次强寒潮袭击，全省气温下降10℃—12℃，部分地区最低气温达到-17℃，造成小麦出现点片死苗现象。     

保护性耕作抗旱保墒机理探析

针对保护性耕作技术在干旱年份所表现出的突出效果,分别对免耕播种、秸秆覆盖和深松的抗旱保墒机理进行了分析和探讨。得出了保护性耕作技术是西北干旱半干旱地区提高抵御自然灾害能力,确保粮食丰产的关键技术的论断。     

保护性耕作加大小麦免耕播种机行距的试验研究

通过对提高免耕播种机通过性措施的分析,提出了适当加大行距是提高免耕播种机通过性的有效途径,并对增大行距后免耕播种机的通过性与产量进行了试验研究。     

保护性耕作技术试验研究初探

本介绍了项目区农业生态环境恶化的现状，研究了分析了机械化保护性耕作技术的试验结果，指出推广保护性耕作技术的良好发展前景。     

Effects of conservation tillage practices on winter wheat water-use efficiency and crop yield on the Loess Plateau,China

In the semi-humid to arid loess plateau areas of North China, water is the limiting factor for rain-fed crop yields. Conservation tillage has been proposed to improve soil and water conservation in these areas. From 1999 to 2005, we conducted a field experiment on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to investigate the effects of conservation tillage on soil water conservation, crop yield, and water-use efficiency. The field experiment was conducted using reduced tillage (RT), no tillage with mulching (NT), subsoil tillage with mulching (ST), and conventional tillage (CT). NT and ST improved water conversation, with the average soil water storage in 0–200 cm soil depth over the six years increased 25.24 mm at the end of summer fallow periods, whereas RT soil water storage decreased 12 mm, compared to CT. At wheat planting times, the available soil water on NT and ST plots was significantly higher than those using CT and RT. The winter wheat yields were also significantly affected by the tillage methods. The average winter wheat yields over 6 years on NT or ST plots were significantly higher than that in CT or RT plots. CT and RT yields did not vary significantly between them. In each study year, NT and ST water-use efficiency (WUE) was higher than that of CT and RT. In the dry growing seasons of 1999–2000, 2004–2005 and the low-rainfall fallow season of 2002, the WUE of NT and ST was significantly higher than that of CT and RT, but did not vary significantly in the other years. For all years, CT and RT showed no WUE advantage. In relation to CT, the economic benefit of RT, NT, and ST increased 62, 1754, and 1467 yuan ha⁻¹, respectively, and the output/input ratio of conservation tillage was higher than that of CT. The overall results showed that NT and ST are the optimum tillage systems for increasing water storage and wheat yields, enhancing WUE and saving energy on the Loess Plateau.     

桶栽条件下冬小麦产量的连旱效应

为了研究连续干旱对冬小麦产量的影响,以冬小麦品种“矮抗58”为试验材料,通过桶栽试验,在冬小麦的拔节期、抽穗期和灌浆期分别设置轻度干旱、中度干旱、重度干旱,分别对应土壤含水率控制在田间持水率的60%~70%,50%~60%,40%~50%.试验设置了单阶段受旱9个、两阶段连旱6个,三阶段连旱4个,试验对照1个,共计20个试验处理.研究结果表明,单旱条件下,拔节期减产最明显,抽穗期其次;拔节期轻旱、中旱和重旱分别减产4.08%,21.71%和36.73%.两阶段连旱条件下,拔节期和抽穗期连续中旱对产量影响最大,减产率达28.42%;抽穗期和灌浆期连续中旱对产量影响相对较小.三阶段连旱条件下,连续轻旱减产不明显,连续中旱和重旱分别减产24.96%,53.99%.总体上,拔节期是冬小麦的需水关键期,中旱及以上水平就会引起显著减产;相反,水资源紧缺条件下,抽穗期和灌浆期可以适当中旱,甚至重旱,对产量影响较小.     

保护性耕作技术的现状及推广

保护性耕作技术是用大量的秸秆残茬覆盖地表,将耕作减少到只要能保证种子发芽即可,并主要用农药来控制杂草和病虫害。为此,分析了保护性耕作实施的必要性,论述了保护性耕作的现状以及其工艺体系和推广的措施。     

Irrigation and tillage effects on root development,water use and yield of wheat on coarse textured soils

Summary Rapid drying of surface layers of coarse-textured soils early in the growth season increases soil strength and restricts root growth. This constraint on root growth may be countered by deep tillage and/or early irrigation. We investigated tillage and irrigation effects on root growth, water use, dry matter and grain yield of wheat on loamy sand and sandy loam soils for three years. Treatments included all combinations of two tillage systems i) conventional tillage (CT) — stirring the soil to 10 cm depth, ii) deep tillage (DT) — subsoiling with a single-tine chisel down to 35–40 cm, 40 cm apart followed by CT; and four irrigation regimes, i) I₀ — no post-seeding irrigation, ii) I₁ — 50 mm irrigation 30 days after seeding (DAS), iii) I₂ — 50 mm irrigation 30 DAS and subsequent irrigations of 75 mm each when net evaporation from USWB class A open pan (PAN-E) since previous irrigation accumulated to 82 mm, and iv) I₃ — same as in I² but irrigation applied when PAN-E accumulated to 62 mm. The crop of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. HD 2329) was fertilized with 20kg P, 10kg K and 5kg Zn ha^–1 at seeding. The rate of nitrogen fertilization was 60 kg ha^–1 in the unirrigated and 120 kg ha^–1 in the irrigated treatments. Tillage decreased soil strength and so did the early post-seeding irrigation. Both deep tillage and early irrigation shortened the time needed for the root system to reach a specified depth. Subsequent wetting through rain/irrigation reduced the rate of root penetration down the profile and also negated deep tillage effects on rooting depth. However, tillage/irrigation increased root length density in the rooted profile even in a wet year. Better rooting resulted in greater profile water depletion, more favourable plant water status and higher dry matter and grain yields. In a dry year, the wheat in the DT plots used 46 mm more water, remained 3.3 °C cooler at grain-fill and yielded 68% more grain than in CT when unirrigated and grown in the loamy sand. Early irrigation also increased profile water depletion, more so in CT than DT. Averaged over three years, grain yield in DT was 12 and 9% higher than in CT on loamy sand and sandy loam, respectively. Benefits of DT decreased with increase in rainfall and irrigation. Irrigation significantly increased grain yield on both soils, but the response was greatly influenced by soil type, tillage system and year. The study shows that soil related constraints on root growth may be alleviated through deep tillage and/or early irrigation.     

小麦玉米一年两熟机械化保护性耕作技术的实践与探讨

运城市位于山西南部,光热资源丰富,是典型的小麦玉米一年两熟区,年种植小麦33万hm2,复播玉米18万hm2.1996年以来,在省农机局大力支持下,该市实施了机械化保护性耕作示范推广工程,目前实施面积已达12万hm2.     

玉米保护性耕作新技术探讨

保护性耕作是用作物秸秆覆盖地表,对农田实行免耕或少耕,改善土壤,培肥地力,提高抗旱能力,节本增效,保护环境,实现农业可持续发展的一项先进农业.主要内容包括秸秆还田覆盖、免少耕播种、药物除草等技术措施.对于现实运用中的重要意义.     

农机深松保墒小麦抗旱增产应用技术与推广的研究

为了验证深松小麦抗旱效果,沧州市2011年2月在东光、黄骅、献县进行了深松小麦抗旱试验.试验结果:实施深松的小麦凸显出抗旱优势,土壤含水量高,苗齐苗壮.为了验证深松小麦增产效果,沧州市2011年6月在东光、献县、黄骅、孟村进行了深松小麦测产试验.试验结果:实施深松的小麦增产显著.试验结论:深松可打破犁底层,增强土壤蓄水保墒能力,利于小麦生长发育,有效提高小麦产量.     

辽阳机械化保护性耕作的发展与对策

机械化保护性耕作是辽阳农业今后的发展方向,是坚持科学、协调、持续发展农业的一项重大举措,要强化培训,扩大宣传,示范带动,精心组织,推动机械化保护性耕作的发展。     

辽阳机械化保护性耕作的发展与对策

机械化保护性耕作是辽阳农业今后的发展方向,是坚持科学、协调、持续发展农业的一项重大举措,要强化培训,扩大宣传,示范带动,精心组织,推动机械化保护性耕作的发展.     

旱田保护性耕作技术的应用与发展

保护性耕作是节水抗旱、保护环境、节本增效的一项农业可持续发展技术,文章主要阐述了保护性耕作的现状与应用,并提出了相应的推广对策,从而为保证保护性农业的可持续发展做出相应的贡献.