Effect of Chemical Composition on Formation Performance of 7050 Alloy Billets

The casting technology of 7050 alloy bilits is researched. that are used to produce slabs for air materials.Because the composition of 7050 alloy is very complex,the Cu and Zn elements contents are higher and Fe and Si impurity elements contents are controlled lower, at the same time ,the specification and the width-thickness ratio are large ,all of above result the tremendous crack trend when casting and bad casting formation performance . The formation performance of 7050 alloy has been improved and qualified billits are obtained by optimizing the composition of 7050 alloy, including raising Fe/Si ratio and Zn/Mg ratio ,reducing Cu content and adopting the joint refinement with block and silk shaped Al-5Ti-1B.     

钙增效剂对稻米中钙等矿质元素积累及稻米品质的影响

利用粳稻品种探讨了钙增效剂对稻米中钙及铜、锰、镁、铁、锌积累和品质的影响。试验结果表明,五种钙增效剂对稻米的钙含量都有增加效果,其中活性钙-S钙增效剂的处理稻米中Ca的含量最高,比对照增加54.5%,而且360mg/kg施用浓度效果最好;稻米中的微量元素含量测定表明,不同种类钙增效剂的叶面喷施对稻米中微量元素积累的效果不尽相同,五种钙增剂叶面喷施对稻米中Fe、Mg和 Zn含量有明显增加,而稻米中Mn和Cu的含量反而降低的趋势;经多元回归分析表明,Ca积累与Fe和Mn积累最为密切,呈正相关;Ca含量与稻米中直链淀粉（AC）呈显著正相关、与CPV、SBV、CVS、PAT呈显著负相,其他微量元素与部分品质性状的参数有着密切相关。     

Viscosity Calculating Model of Iron-bath Smelting Reduction Slag

It is thought that the smelting reduction is one of the advanced technology for metallrugical industry. The constitutes and characters change continuously because the charging is loaded periodically. The influence of slag viscosity is important for smelting process. The foundation of viscosity calculating model is propitious to rapidly forcast the slag viscosity. The viscosity calculating model of melting slag is founded according to the ion theory and the characters of iron-bath smelting reduction slag, the calculating program is finished. The result indicates that the calculating value and the measuring value is approaching. This model can be applied to calculate or forecast the iron-bath smelting reduction slag viscosity.     

日光温室不同生育期嫁接番茄对根际环境及生长特性的影响

实验以不同砧木嫁接番茄在不同时期根系环境对生长发育的影响研究。结果表明,随着嫁接番茄的生长发育,根际环境也变化。一般情况下,在结果期,放线菌数量较多。植株根系活力大、土壤K、Ca、Mg、Zn含量多、拉秧期细菌数量较大的嫁接番茄,生长势强。     

不同灌溉条件下燕麦籽粒植酸、总磷、蛋白质及矿质元素含量变化特征研究

采用防雨池栽方法研究了不同灌溉条件下两种栽培类型燕麦白燕7号皮燕麦（Avena sativa L.）和内农大莜一号裸燕麦（Avena nuda L.）籽粒植酸、总磷、蛋白质、钙、镁、钾、锌、铁、铜、锰含量变化特征。随灌水次数和灌水量的增加,内农大莜一号裸燕麦籽粒总磷和铜含量呈线性变化,籽粒产量、植酸、钙、镁、钾、锌、锰含量变化呈二次函数;白燕7号皮燕麦籽粒（去壳）锌和铁含量呈线性变化,植酸、总磷、粗蛋白、钙、镁含量呈二次函数变化。     

熵AHP法对鸢尾宿根花卉的综合评价

为了能够让引种工作者在引种材料较多时定量的比较宿根花卉观赏性状及景观应用价值,从形质性状、开花性状、生长性状等方面确定了鸢尾宿根花卉评价的3级指标,采用层次分析法(AHP法)测算指标权重,并采用熵技术对权系数进行修正,从而得到鸢尾宿根花卉的综合评价模型。利用该模型对沈阳市植物园近几年引种栽培的鸢尾宿根花卉的50个种和品种进行了综合评价并分级,其中Ⅰ级的有10种、Ⅱ级的有18种、Ⅲ级的有15种、Ⅳ级的有7种。研究为鸢尾宿根花卉在园林绿化中的应用提供了一定的理论参考。     

Game Analysis on the Efficiency of Chinese Security Market

According to earnings information of annuals and grade regulation,50 low_grade and 50 high_grade Chinese listed corporation are chosen,through building model and calculating the excess yield.This article educes demonstration result,which is analyzed by game theory.     

矿质元素配比对红富士苹果树光合特性的影响

为明确矿质元素肥料配比对红富士苹果(Malus domestica cv. Fuji)树叶片的光合特性的影响,为其在生产中的合理使用提供理论依据,以成年的红富士苹果树为试验品种,针对铁、锌、硼、镁、钙这五种元素对其叶片的叶绿素含量、净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度开展了田间试验。结果表明：成年盛果期红富士苹果树每株施用铁肥30g可以显著提高叶绿素含量;每株施锌80g+镁50g+钙150g可以提高净光合速率和蒸腾速率;每株施锌40 g+镁50 g+钙150 g可以显著提高叶片气孔导度,硼对红富士苹果光合特性不明显。分析得出提高苹果果树叶片光合特性的最佳组合是铁（0g/株）+锌（40g/株）+镁（50g/株）+钙（150g/株）。     

施氮量对豫北冬小麦产量及子粒主要矿质元素含量的影响

以兰考矮早8、豫麦49-198和平安8号为材料,设置5个氮素水平（0、120、180、240、360kg/hm ²）,研究不同施氮量对豫北冬小麦子粒产量及其N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、B等矿质元素含量的影响。结果表明：子粒中N与B（r=0.879）、N与Mg（r=0.858）、Mg与Zn（r=0.871）、Mg与B（r=0.877）含量间相关系数较高。施氮显著提高了子粒N、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、B含量,K、Mg含量受施氮量影响较小,但P和Mn含量明显下降。兰考矮早8子粒中各种矿质元素（除B外）含量明显高于平安8号,豫麦49-198介于二者之间。施氮在提高小麦子粒产量的同时降低了P/Ca、P/Mg、P/Fe和P/Zn的值,增强了Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn的生物有效性。此外,研究发现施氮量达到180kg/hm ²后,继续增施氮肥小麦产量难以提升。可见,合理的氮肥管理可以提高豫北地区冬小麦产量及子粒中微量元素的含量;过量施氮不仅难以提高子粒产量,还会降低子粒P和Mn的含量。     

Dynamic change of mineral nutrient content in different plant organs during the grain filling stage in maize grown under contrasting nitrogen supply

The introduction of new hybrids and integrated crop-soil management has been causing maize grain yield to increase. However, less attention has been paid on the nutrient concentration of the grain; this aspect is of great importance to supplying calories and nutrients in the diets of both humans and animals worldwide. Increasing the retranslocation of nutrients from vegetative organs to grain can effectively increase the nutrient concentration of grain and general nutrient use efficiency. The present study involved monitoring the dynamic change of macro- and micronutrients in different organs of maize during the grain filling stage. In addition, the mobility of different elements and their contribution to grain nutrient content were evaluated in a 2-year experiment under low (LN, no N supplied) and high N (HN, 180 kg N ha⁻¹) supply. Under HN supply, the net remobilization efficiency (RE) of the vegetative organs as a whole (calculated as nutrient remobilization amount divided by nutrient content at silking) of N, P, K, Mn, and Zn were 44%, 60%, 13%, 15%, and 25%, respectively. The other nutrients (Mg, Ca, Fe, Cu, and B) showed a net accumulation in the vegetative organs as a whole during the grain filling stage. Among the different organs, N, P, and Zn were remobilized more from the leaves (RE of 44%, 51% and 43%, respectively) and the stalks (including leaf sheaths and tassels) (RE of 48%, 71% and 43%, respectively). K was mainly remobilized from the leaves with RE of 51%. Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn, and Cu were mostly remobilized from the stalks with the RE of 23%, 9%, 10%, 42%, and 28%, respectively. However, most of the remobilized Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn were translocated to the husk and cob, which seemingly served as the buffer sink for these nutrients. The REs of all the nutrients except for P, K, and Zn were vulnerable to variations in conditions annually and were reduced when the grain yield and harvest index were lower in 2014 compared with 2013. Under LN stress, the RE was reduced in P and Zn in 2013, increased in Cu and unchanged in other nutrients. The concentration of these nutrients in the grain was either unchanged (P, K, Ca, Zn, and B) or decreased (N, Mg, Fe, Mn, and Cu). It is concluded that grain N, P, K, Mn, and Zn, but not Mg, Ca, Fe, Cu, and B concentration, can be improved by increasing their remobilization from vegetative organs. However, enhancing the senescence of maize plant via LN stress seems unable to increase grain mineral nutrient concentration. Genetic improvement aiming to increase nutrient remobilization should take into account the organ-specific remobilization pattern of the target nutrient.     

Study on Contact of Loaded Hourglass Worm Gearing

With the Contact Finite Element Method, the distribution and contact zone of the hourglass worm gearing are calculated. Under the different loads, load among the teeth pairs and variation of contact zone are investigated. The photo elastic experiment has been proceeded for verifying the pressure distribution and load sharing. The result by photo elastic experiment is corresponding to the calculating result with contact FEM.     

南疆地区小白杏叶片营养和土壤养分现状及相关性研究

为探明南疆地区不同土壤质地小白杏果园土壤养分与叶片营养水平的分布特征,分别以壤土和沙土质地盛果期小白杏果园为研究对象,测定0~20 cm和20~60 cm深度土壤和叶片中的有机质及矿物质元素含量(N、P、K、Ca、B、Mg、Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn),研究盛果期小白杏果园土壤营养和叶片矿质元素特性。结果表明：（1）不同土壤质地小白杏叶片中全氮含量适中、钙/镁比例偏高,壤土叶片中全氮含量高于沙土叶片,9月叶片中全氮含量低于5月,磷元素含量高于5月,变化规律与氮含量相反。（2）不同质地果园土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷、速效钾、锰、铁和铜元素含量规律性明显,但是规律不一致;其余矿质元素(Ca、B、Mg、Zn)具有一定的差异,但是没有明显的规律。（3）不同土壤质地矿质元素与小白杏叶片的相关性分析结果差异较大,规律性较小。（4）壤土果园管理过程中,应注意增加有机肥的施肥深度;沙土果园管理过程中,应根据小白杏营养需求规律针对性地进行追施、补施。     

‘木瓜杏’叶片中矿质元素含量的动态变化研究

为了给‘木瓜杏’科学施肥、营养诊断等提供理论依据,以‘木瓜杏’品种为试材,采用电感耦合方法测定了‘木瓜杏’叶片生长发育期间Ca、P、K、Mg、Fe、Zn、Cu、Mn、Al元素的含量变化。结果表明,‘木瓜杏’叶片中Ca与Mg元素,Cu、Zn与P元素,Fe与Al元素的含量呈现出相似的变化规律,K、Mn元素含量的变化趋势各异。‘木瓜杏’叶片中的各种矿质元素之间存在着协同和拮抗的动态平衡作用过程。7月中旬是适合叶分析营养诊断的适宜时期。     

‘纸皮’扁桃果实中矿质元素浓度动态变化

[目的]为探明扁桃果实发育过程中矿质元素的变化规律,[方法]以新疆主栽品种扁桃‘纸皮’为试材, 对果实生长发育期成熟过程中10种矿质元素(N、P、K、Ca、Mg、B、Fe、Zn、Mn、Cu)的浓度进行检测分析,[结果]结果表明：扁桃果实中的N、P、B、Mg、Zn、Fe、Cu元素浓度随果实生长呈下降趋势,而Ca、K元素浓度则随时间推移不断升高;4月5日—6月1日幼果发育期间矿物质元素浓度变化剧烈,6月1日—7月1日果实硬核期各元素浓度相对较为稳定,7月1日—8月1日果实成熟期,各元素浓度有小幅度波动;经过相关性分析表明元素间存在拮抗或促进的相互关系,N与Zn、Mg与P、B、Ca间呈极显著正相关关系,Ca与K呈显著正相关关系,N与Ca、Mn与Cu则呈显著负相关关系,[结论]在扁桃发育前期的4—5月是补充营养合理施肥的关键时期。     

空心莲子草不同部位含水量及无机离子的分布研究

取质地均一土壤上多年生的空心莲子草,测定了它不同部位含水量、硝酸还原酶活性、可溶性糖和多种无机离子如K 、Na 、Ca2 、Mg2 、NO3-、PO43-等含量的变化。结果表明:空心莲子草的叶片、地上茎节、地上茎节间和须根等部位的含水量和肉质化程度较高;NO3-还原的主要部位为叶片和须根;可溶性糖主要贮藏在肉质根、地下茎节、地下茎节间和根颈等部位;不同部位的K 、Na 、Ca2 、Mg2 、NO3-、PO43-的含量各不相同,K 含量显著高于Ca2 、Mg2 、NO3-、Na 、PO43-的含量,因此空心莲子草是一种富钾植物。     

硝酸—高氯酸与王水回流法在AAS测定中的比较

王水迴流法消化污泥和土壤,较常规的王水消化法可多提取10%的重金属.本实验应用1:1的硝酸—高氯酸和铝制消化器对128个土壤样品镉、铬、铜、铅、锰、镍和锌7个元素进行了测定,并与王水迴流法所测数据进行了比较.统计结果表明,两种方法所得结果具有极显著的相关性,然而是截然不同的两组数据.除锌外,用硝酸—高氯酸法所得值明显高于王水迴流法,可在实验室广泛使用.在铬的测定中,钠、钾、镁、钙、锰、铝和铁做为潜在的干扰因素及不同火焰状况对测定的影响被加以探讨.结果表明,使用贫氧化亚氮—乙炔火焰不会产生正、负干扰.     

我国不同年代玉米品种生育全程根系特性演化的研究

对我国20世纪50、70和90年代玉米品种的根系生理特性演化趋势研究表明,我国不同年代的品种根系特性存在显著差异,主要表现在根系的吸收和合成功能上.在生长发育前期,随着品种年代的进展,根系活跃吸收面积、单株根条数以及根系SOD和CAT活性显著增加,且不同年代的品种间差异显著;在生长发育后期,随着品种年代的进展,高层节根数     

北京古树土壤主要矿质元素特征及对古树健康响应分析

为了分析北京地区典型古树群内的侧柏土壤常见矿质元素的特征,以地坛、香山、永陵、庆王坟的侧柏古树为研究对象,采用常规统计方法分析不同区域和不同级别土壤矿质元素（钙、镁、锌、铁）特征以及土壤矿质元素含量特征与古树健康之间的关系。不同区域侧柏土壤钙、锌和铁含量存在极显著差异,而镁含量无显著差异。不同古树级别下土壤锌的含量存在显著差异,其余3种矿质元素无显著差异。古树健康等级与矿质元素相关性分析表明,钙、铁对古树健康程度的响应趋势为随古树健康等级的上升,钙含量先增加后减小;镁含量与古树健康等级呈负相关性,镁含量越小,古树健康等级越高;锌含量与古树等级呈正相关。北京地区侧柏古树土壤钙、镁、锌、铁含量较高,均为中等变异;镁含量与古树健康等级呈负相关关系,锌含量为正相关关系,其余2种元素为先正后负的关系。明确土壤矿质元素含量与古树健康等级的关系对古树的维护具有指导意义。     

A comprehensive evaluation method of fuzzy matter element for CNC equipment quality

A comprehensive evaluation method based on fuzzy matter element analysis is proposed to solve problems of multiple performance and quality evaluation for computer numerical control (CNC) equipment. The fuzzy matter element theory is utilized to analyze multi-scale quality characteristics and attributes. Then, the comprehensive quality evaluation model for CNC equipment is founded by using fuzzy matter element analysis method. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and information entropy are applied to obtain the objective index weights. Furthermore, the combinational weight is calculated with the optimal mathematics model based on the least square method. Finally, the fuzzy matter element method is used to determine the assessment result. The case study indicates that the method has a certain rationality and feasibility.     

‘沙糖桔’结果树的营养需求特点研究

选择具有代表性的水田和山坡2个类型土壤种植的已结果的‘沙糖桔’果园,采集叶片、树体和果实样品,测定其不同生育期的元素含量,分析2种种植类型的‘沙糖桔’营养元素含量季节性动态变化和各元素需求比例,提出适合当地‘沙糖桔’生长所需的营养元素施肥配方。结果表明：（1）P在开花期需求最高,K在开花期至幼果期需求最高;Ca和Cu在开花期最低,之后逐渐升高,成熟期达到最高;而Mg、Zn、Fe、Mn、B需求量均为开花期稍低,但是各生育期需求较为稳定。（2）水田种植的沙糖桔树体中大量元素N、P、K和中量元素Ca、Mg含量普遍高于山坡种植的;前者微量元素Cu、Zn、B含量低于后者,而微量元素Fe、Mn含量有相反的趋势。（3）根据多个果园的数据分析,生产1 t的‘沙糖桔’果,需N 1.242 kg、P 0.138 kg、K 1.366 kg、Ca 0.476 kg、Mg 0.126 kg、Fe 0.72 g、Mn 0.97 g、Cu 2.47 g、Zn 1.58 g、B 1.34 g;根据肥料利用率和柑桔类果树的氮磷钾施肥比例,推算生产1 t‘沙糖桔’时全年应施N 12.95~15.11 kg,P2O5 7.77~9.1 kg,K2O 12.95~15.11 kg。