Detection of anti-Babesia gibsoni heat shock protein 70 antibody and anti-canine heat shock protein 70 antibody in sera from Babesia gibsoni-infected dogs

Antibodies that recognized either Babesia gibsoni or canine red blood cell (RBC) 70-kilodalton (kDa) protein were detected in serum from acutely and chronically B. gibsoni-infected. In those sera, antibodies that reacted with recombinant B. gibsoni and canine heat shock protein 70 (rBgHsp70 and rcHsp70) were detected; therefore, B. gibsoni and canine RBC 70-kDa proteins seemed to be BgHsp70 and cHsp70, respectively. In infected dogs, the amounts of these antibodies increased after infection. Interestingly, polyclonal antibody raised against rBgHsp70 in two rabbits reacted not only with rBgHsp70 but also with rcHsp70 and native cHsp70 from canine RBCs. Because BgHsp70 showed high homology with cHsp70 (70.8%), anti-rBgHsp70 antibody might cross-react with cHsp70. Additionally, the localizations of both BgHsp70 and cHsp70 were observed by indirect fluorescence assay. As a result, cHsp70 was not found on the membrane surface of erythrocytes, suggesting that erythrocytes would not be targets of anti-cHsp70 antibody. Meanwhile, only exoerythrocytic parasites were stained by anti-rBgHsp70 antibody. This result showed that BgHsp70 would be expressed on the surface of parasites during the exoerythrocytic stage. These results indicated that BgHsp70 was a highly immunogenic protein in canine B. gibsoni infection, and that exoerythrocytic parasites might be targets of anti-BgHsp70 antibody.     

Comparison and phylogenetic analysis of the heat shock protein 70 gene of Babesia parasites from dogs

The heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) genes of Babesia gibsoni, B. canis canis, B. canis vogeli, and B. canis rossi isolated from infected dogs were cloned by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced. In the nucleotide sequence and the predicted amino acid sequence of the gene, the parasites were very similar to each other. The nucleotide sequences of the hsp70 gene had more variety than those of 18S nuclear subunit ribosomal DNA (18S rDNA). A phylogenetic analysis of these sequences and comparisons with sequences from other Babesia and Theileria species revealed that all canine babesial isolates analyzed in the present study were closely related to each other and formed one cluster. Additionally, a phylogenetic analysis of Babesia and Theileria species showed that these parasites could be divided into three groups: group A including canine babesial isolates, B. divergens, B. odocoilei, B. bovis, B. caballi, and B. ovis; group B including Theileria annulata, T. orientalis, and T. cervi; and group C including B. microti and B. rodhaini. These results suggested that a phylogenetic analysis of the hsp70 gene sequence might be helpful in classifying Babesia and Theileria species, and that canine babesial isolates might be closely related to each other, indicating their evolution from the same ancestry.     

cDNA cloning of a Rab5 homologue in Babesia gibsoni

For studying protein trafficking in Babesia-infected erythrocyte, we describe the cloning of a Rab5, one of molecular marker for vesicle trafficking in eukaryotic cells, gene homologue in Babesia gibsoni (BgRab5). The full-length cDNA of BgRab5 is 1,020 bp long with an open reading frame encoding a protein of 220 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence of BgRab5 contained the highly conserved GTP-binding consensus sequence and shares about 40% homology with that of Rab5 from Plasmodium falciparum, Toxoplasma gondii, Dog, Lotus japonicusor, Oryza sativa. Northern blot analysis showed that the BgRab5 probe hybridized with a 1kb band in total RNA from parasitized erythrocytes, that was consistent with the size of the BgRab5 full-length cDNA.     

热休克蛋白70研究新进展

1962年,Ritassa在果蝇的研究中首次发现,短暂的热休克可以诱导唾液腺染色体出现3个膨突,提示这一区带转录加强,他将这一现象称为“热休克反应“(heat shock response,HSR).1974年,Tissieres发现热休克反应中转录合成的为一组特殊蛋白,而且伴随着这类蛋白的合成,细胞的其他蛋白合成却受到抑制,由于这类蛋白的合成与热休克反应有关,故命名为热休克蛋白(heat shock protein,HSP).除了高热之外,多种应激原如重金属、饥饿、缺氧、缺血等都可以诱导HSP的表达,但人们习惯上仍称为HSP或热应激蛋白(heat stress protein,HSP),有时也称为应激蛋白(stress protein,SP).……     

Molecular characterization of a Babesia gibsoni isolate from a Spanish dog

Babesia gibsoni is a morphologically small Babesia species that infects dogs. Molecular techniques have shown that some small Babesia sp. recently described in canids are not related to the original B. gibsoni and they should be assigned to separate taxons. Although the 18s rRNA gene of true B. gibsoni isolates has been studied in the USA, Asia and Australia, no molecular data on the presence and genetic characteristics of B. gibsoni in Europe are available. Blood collected from a Babesia-symptomatic dog from Spain was used for DNA diagnosis by seminested PCR. DNA amplification was positive and the complete 18s rRNA gene of the dog isolate was sequenced, showing 98% homology with B. gibsoni (isolate Asia 1). Evidence from phylogenetic analysis indicated that: The Spanish isolate unambiguously belongs to the B. gibsoni group. The B. gibsoni complex might be diphyletic. In the absence of genetic data from African isolates of B. gibsoni, Asia seems to be the most likely geographical location of origin.     

热休克蛋白70诱导剂及其应用

热休克蛋白70(HSP70)是生物体在应激原刺激下合成的一族进化上高度保守的蛋白质。HSP70家族的功能表现在多方面:作为分子伴侣,HSP70在应激状态下帮助需要折叠的蛋白质正确折叠,加快正常蛋白质合成的恢复;在细胞保护方面,HSP70表达的增加可以增强机体对应激的抵抗力,缓解细胞所受伤害。本文主要综述HSP70的生物学特性及其细胞保护作用,并讨论了HSP70诱导剂在畜牧业中潜在的应用意义。     

热应激蛋白70(HSP_(70))研究进展

热应激蛋白普遍存在于从原核细胞到高等真核细胞的整个生物界。本文通过HSP70 的基因特点与转录调控、HSP70 的mRNA与翻译、HSP70 的作用以及HSP70 在体内的降解等方面 ,对HSP70 进行了较为详细的介绍     

吉氏巴贝斯虫cDNA文库的构建

用离心柱层析法除去以反转录合成的吉氏巴贝斯虫双链ｃＤＮＡ的短片段，加ＥｃｏＲＩ粘性末瑞，再以ＮｏｔＩ酶切，定向克隆到λｇｔ１１Ｓｆｉ－ＮｏｔＩ载体ＤＮＡ的ＬａｃＺ基因内。体外包装后，感染Ｙ１０９０菌，构建成含３．２８×１０５个重组子的表达型吉氏巴贝斯虫ｃＤＮＡ文库。酶切鉴定表明，白斑噬菌体ＤＮＡ均含有大小不等的ｃＤＮＡ片段，免疫学筛选显示文库中表达阳性的重组子数占总重组子数的８．９％。     

犬吉氏巴贝斯虫人工感染试验方法的建立

选用健康本地杂种犬,分为2组,一组手术切除脾脏,另一组未经任何处理,然后2组犬人工静脉接种含犬吉氏巴贝斯虫的病犬血液,接种后观察临床症状、进行实验室检查(血涂片、血常规、病原的PCR检测),检测2组犬人工感染犬吉氏巴贝斯虫后的发病情况。结果显示,人工感染后2组犬均表现出自然感染犬吉氏巴贝斯虫后的临床症状,实验室检查血涂片中检测到犬吉氏巴贝斯虫虫体,血常规表现出严重的贫血,PCR能扩增出犬吉氏巴贝斯虫的基因片段。2组犬比较显示,切脾组的红细胞感染率和贫血程度均高于未切脾犬。本试验成功建立了犬吉氏巴贝斯虫人工感染方法,且脾切除后感染效果优于直接静脉感染。     

Effect of acute heat stress on heat shock protein 70 messenger RNA and on heat shock protein expression in the liver of broilers

1. The synthesis of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) mRNA and the expression of Hsp70 in the liver of broiler chickens submitted to acute heat stress (35°C for 5 h) was investigated.

2. Hsp70 expression was detected by SDS‐PAGE and Western blot analysis using a polyclonal antiserum against Hsp70 of Blastocladiella emersonii. The specific signal of Hsp70 mRNA was analysed by Northern blot using as probe a Hsp70 cDNA of B. emersonii.

3. An increase in the amount of Hsp70 was detected from the first up to the fifth hour of acute heat exposure. This increase in the amount of Hsp70 was accompanied by an increase in Hsp70 mRNA which peaked at 3 h.

4. This study shows that the heat induced increase in Hsp70 mRNA and protein in broiler liver, in vivo, are time dependent, similar to that in mammals.     

Babesia gibsoni rhoptry-associated protein 1 and its potential use as a diagnostic antigen

A cDNA encoding the rhoptry-associated protein 1 (RAP-1) homologue was obtained by immunoscreening an expression library prepared from Babesia gibsoni merozoite mRNA. The complete nucleotide sequence of the gene was 1740bp. Computer analysis suggested that the sequence contains an open reading frame of 1425bp encoding an expected protein with a molecular weight of 52kDa. Based on the sequence similarity, this putative protein was designated as the B. gibsoni RAP-1 (BgRAP-1). The BgRAP-1 gene was expressed in the Escherichia coli BL21 strain, and the recombinant BgRAP-1 was used as the antigen in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results can differentiate between the B. gibsoni-infected dog sera and the Babesia canis infected dog sera or the normal dog sera. Furthermore, the antibody response against the recombinant protein was maintained during the chronic stage of infection, indicating that the recombinant BgRAP-1 protein might be a useful diagnostic antigen for the detection of antibodies to B. gibsoni infection in dogs.     

吉氏巴贝斯虫单克隆抗体制备的研究

应用淋巴细胞杂交瘤技术制备杂交瘤细胞株 ,经间接萤光抗体法筛选和克隆 ,获得了 5株能稳定分泌吉氏巴贝斯虫特异性抗体的杂交瘤细胞株 ,分别命名为C3B5、M8B7、E9C5、G6 D8、H2 A7。经过鉴定 ,这 5株杂交瘤细胞分泌的单克隆抗体亚类及相对分子质量分别为IgG2b,1 8× 1 0 4 ;IgG2a,1 8× 1 0 4 ;IgG1 ,1 8× 1 0 4 ;IgM ,3 2× 1 0 4 ;IgM ,1 8× 1 0 4 。腹水效价为 1∶1 0 4 ～ 1∶1 0 5。其中E9C5杂交瘤细胞株分泌的单克隆抗体是一种保护性抗体 ,经对实验感染吉氏巴贝斯虫小鼠体内虫体的杀虫试验证明具有较强的杀灭作用。     

吉氏巴贝斯虫mRNA的磁性分离及cDNA合成

从感染吉氏巴贝斯虫的摘脾犬的红细胞内提纯虫体,用异硫氰酸胍法提取虫体总RNA,再以Poly(A)~ mRNA磁性分离系统提取mRNA.最后以NotⅠPrimer-Adaptor为引物反转录出cDNA片段.琼脂糖凝胶电泳显示,所合成的cDNA分子量范围由100到6500bP,且绝大部分大于500bP.     

Identification of the heat shock protein 70 (HLHsp70) in Haemaphysalis longicornis

A Haemaphysalis longicornis heat shock protein 70 (HLHsp70) was identified from a cDNA library synthesized from tick eggs. The HLHsp70 cDNA is 2311 bp in length and encodes 661 amino acid residues with the predicted molecular weight of 72.5 kDa and an isoelectronic point (pI) of 5.2. It also contains the highly conserved functional motifs of the Hsp70 family and a specific endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention signal "KDEL" that is common among ER-localized proteins. The HLHsp70 exhibits 90% amino acid identity to the putative Hsp70 of Ixodes scapularis, and 85% to Gallus gallus 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein precursor. Real time RT-PCR analysis showed that the expression levels of the Hsp70 in ovaries and salivary glands were significantly higher than in other tested tissues in partially fed females. Although the expression level of the HLHsp70 was constantly low in unfed ticks, it was significantly induced by blood-feeding. Further, the expression was positively correlated to the temperature (4-37°C, tested). Western blot analysis showed that the rabbit antiserum against the recombinant HLHsp70 protein (rHLHSP70) recognized bands of approximately 100, 72, and 28 kDa from egg lysates, as well as a 72kDa fragment in protein extracts from partially fed larvae. Immunization of rabbits with the rHLHSP70 did not result in a statistically significant reduction of female tick engorgement and oviposition. These results suggest that although HLHSP70 plays a role in the physiological activities of ticks, as a constitutive protein it was not suitable for selection as a candidate vaccine antigen against ticks.     

Identification of heat shock protein 70 in canine reticulocytes and mature erythrocytes

In the present study, we demonstrated that heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) was present in both canine reticulocytes and mature erythrocytes, and that the canine Hsp70 in reticulocytes was decreased along with the maturation of the cells into erythrocytes. These results suggest that the Hsp70 in canine reticulocytes might act as a chaperone to remove unnecessary proteins during reticulocyte maturation. We also demonstrated that Hsp70 was present in exosomes from reticulocytes during their maturation in in vitro culture. Furthermore, the concentration of Hsp70 in reticulocyte membranes was increased in proportion to an increase of the protein in exosomes until 48 hours after the incubation of reticulocytes in vitro. At 96 hours of the incubation, however, only a trace amount of Hsp70 was detected in the membrane, while a large amount of the protein was present in the exosomes. These results suggest that Hsp70 in canine reticulocytes might play an important role for exosome formation in reticulocytes, resulting in the maturation of the cells.     

热休克蛋白70生物学功能及在家禽组织中的表达

热休克蛋白(Heat Shock Protein,HSP)是生物细胞在受到热应激等应激源刺激后所产生一类多肽类蛋白质,其中HSP70是HSP家族中最重要、最保守且表达最广泛的蛋白之一,其普遍存在于各种生物体之中。现对HSP70调节细胞凋亡、增强细胞耐热、细胞抗氧化、机体免疫和分子伴侣等生物学功能进行综述,并对其分子调控机制及在家禽组织中的表达水平作了阐述,为进一步探讨HSP70调控家禽的热应激反应及分子机制奠定理论基础。     

热休克蛋白70的生物学功能及应用的研究进展

热休克蛋白70(HSP 70)是热休克家族中最重要的一员,从细菌到哺乳动物中广泛存在。在正常生理状态下HSP 70表达水平很低,而理化刺激、病理刺激和生理刺激等均能显著诱导其表达。HSP 70具有较强分子伴侣、抗细胞凋亡、抗氧化、免疫调节等功能。本文就HSP 70的结构和分类、主要生物学功能及其在某些疾病治疗方面的应用作一综述。