矮化密植苹果园土壤养分对果实品质的影响

以"金世纪"苹果为试材,对昆明市西山区团结街道办事处4个矮化密植苹果园的土壤养分状况、果实品质进行了调查、测定和分析。结果表明:4个矮化密植苹果园的土壤pH值平均为5.99;土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量偏低,且果园之间各肥料的施用水平存在较大差异。土壤有机质与土壤各养分间均呈正相关,pH值与土壤各养分间呈负相关;不同土壤养分与果实品质也存在着相关性,其中单果质量与土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全硼、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾均呈正相关,与土壤pH值呈极显著负相关,可溶性固形物与pH值、有机质、全氮、速效钾呈正相关。     

山西临猗苹果园土壤肥力现状评价及相关性分析

果园土壤肥力是苹果生产的基础,是提高果品质量和生产优质果品的基本条件和保障。该研究以临猗县苹果园土壤为研究对象,分析比较了13个乡镇40个苹果园土壤肥力状况。结果表明:1)在对苹果园土壤肥力评价中,有效磷含量、速效钾含量属Ⅰ级标准,碱解氮含量、全氮含量及有机质含量均属较低的Ⅳ级标准。有效磷含量的变异程度最大,土壤pH的变异程度最小。除了土壤pH以外,其他各成分的变异系数均大于15%,说明全县土壤肥力水平变化很大。2)角杯乡的36号和嵋阳镇的的27号苹果园是土壤肥力最好的果园,其他果园均可借鉴。3)相关性分析结果表明,pH与其他含量均成负相关,其中与有效磷含量负相关性最大。碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、全氮、有机质之间均成正相关,其中全氮含量与碱解氮、有效磷、有机质正相关性均较高,且全氮含量与碱解氮含量正相关性最大。     

广西南丰蜜桔园土壤养分状况及其对果实品质的影响

2011年对广西南丰蜜桔园土壤样品、叶片样品和果实样品进行检测分析。结果表明,所检测的南丰蜜桔园土壤普遍偏酸,土壤有机质、有效磷、有效锌、交换性钙含量较高,碱解氮和速效钾含量中等,交换性镁、有效硼含量较低。柑桔叶片氮含量大部分低于适量范围,而磷、钾含量大部分处于适量范围,少量处于高量水平。柑桔园土壤pH值与土壤交换性钙和交换性镁分别呈显著和极显著正相关,土壤有机质与碱解氮呈显著正相关。土壤有效锌和速效钾含量与果实可溶性固形物含量呈极显著正相关,交换性钙含量与可溶性固形物呈显著正相关,而土壤pH值和有机质与可溶性固形物呈显著负相关。叶片中钾素、磷素与果实维生素C呈显著正相关。     

赫章核桃与半夏间作土壤养分分析

以赫章县当地特色铁核桃树和黔产半夏为试材,通过间作比较了2行核桃树中间(中测点)、核桃树冠下(冠下点)、核桃树冠外(冠外点)以及净作(CK)半夏土壤的pH值、有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾,分析赫章核桃与半夏间作土壤养分状况。结果表明:土壤pH值关系为净作(CK)冠外点中测点冠下点。土壤全氮、碱解氮的含量均达到Ⅱ级以上水平,为半夏与核桃2种喜氮植物的生长提供了充足的氮素保障。冠下点土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷、速效钾的含量最高,中测点碱解氮含量最高,对照组各养分含量最低。土壤pH值与有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷呈负相关,与速效钾呈正相关但均不显著;有机质与其它养分之间均为正相关,尤其与全氮含量为极显著的正相关关系(P=0.871**);碱解氮与有效磷为负相关,相关性不显著,与速效钾为显著的负相关关系(P=-0.733*)。     

韶关市菜地土壤理化性质分析与评价

为掌握韶关市油菜、芥菜等十字花科菜地土壤肥力水平及Cd污染情况,分析与评价了韶关市28个菜地土壤物理性黏粒含量(<0.01mm)、有机质含量、全氮含量、碱解氮含量、速效磷含量、速效钾含量、镉含量及p H值。结果显示：供试土壤平均p H值呈中性(6.73,3级),平均有机质含量、全氮含量、速效钾含量分别为25.72g/kg、1.21g/kg、142.10mg/kg,均为3级,平均碱解氮含量、速效磷含量分别为164.83、44.73mg/kg,均为1级,镉的平均含量0.18mg/kg,未超标;土壤pH值、有机质含量、全氮含量、碱解氮含量、速效磷含量、速效钾含量1～3级占比依次为：50.00%、71.41%、53.58%、82.13%、92.86%、71.43%,碱解氮含量、速效磷含量以中等偏上水平的点位居多,Cd超标点位属轻度污染(1≤P_i<2)。土壤物理性黏粒含量同全氮含量极显著正相关,土壤pH值与土壤碱解氮含量极显著负相关,土壤有机质含量同碱解氮含量显著正相关,速效磷含量同速效钾含量极显著正相关。供试土壤质地适宜种植蔬菜;p H值平均水平呈中性(3级)...     

甜樱桃设施和露地栽培土壤肥力差异研究——以山东省临朐县为例

以山东省临朐县16个甜樱桃园为研究对象,比较分析设施栽培(塑料大棚)和露地栽培(塑料大棚外)甜樱桃园不同土层(0~20、20~40cm)土壤有机质和养分的差异。结果表明:所调查甜樱桃园不同土层土壤有机质含量,设施土壤和露地土壤差异均不显著;设施土壤有效磷和速效钾含量极显著(P0.01)高于露地土壤,0~20cm土层碱解氮含量低于露地土壤;设施与露地土壤pH值接近。按照山东省果园土壤肥力等级划分的评价标准,研究地点的设施甜樱桃园土壤酸碱性适中,其他指标均总体处于高水平;露地甜樱桃园土壤容重、有机质含量、碱解氮含量总体偏高,酸碱性适中,有效磷、速效钾含量总体为中等水平。线性分析结果表明,不同土层设施与露地栽培甜樱桃园土壤有机质含量与碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量线性相关性并不大(R~2很小)。综上所述,临胸县设施与露地栽培甜樱桃园土壤有效磷、速效钾含量对果实品质影响较大,且各土壤指标均处于适宜或中等水平时果实品质好,临朐县设施、露地栽培甜樱桃果实品质差异与设施、露地土壤肥力有关。     

凌源市耕地、果园土壤肥力状况

凌源市采集土壤样品238个,对有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、有效镁、有效硅、有效钙、有效硼、有效铁、有效锰、有效铜、有效锌等12项土壤养分指标进行了测试分析。结果表明,凌源市土壤有机质含量稍缺,碱解氮和有效磷含量中等,速效钾含量很丰富,中微量元素含量都不缺。旱田土壤的速效钾含量最低,菜田土壤的碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量都是最高的,果园土壤的碱解氮和有效磷含量最低。     

土壤因子与宁夏枸杞中牛磺酸含量的变化关系

以宁夏主栽枸杞品种“宁杞1号”为试材,利用高效液相色谱法对宁夏枸杞主栽地中宁、同心、惠农、银川园林场枸杞中牛磺酸的含量与产地土壤理化因子的变化关系进行了比较研究.结果表明:宁夏4个主要产地的宁夏枸杞中牛磺酸含量差异显著,其中银川园林场牛磺酸含量最高,同心牛磺酸含量最低;4个产地宁夏枸杞中牛磺酸含量与肥力因子中的速效氮和速效钾有显著正相关,与速效磷无显著相关性;宁夏枸杞中牛磺酸含量与土壤总盐分含量无相关性,Cl与牛磺酸正相关性显著.     

苹果园土壤养分状况对“红富士”苹果果实品质的影响

以“红富士”苹果为试材,对宁夏新华桥果园、河东陶林园艺场、青铜峡广武、中卫彩达村及中宁鸣沙5个苹果产地的土壤养分状况、果实品质进行了调查分析.结果表明:5个苹果产地的土壤有机质、速效氮缺乏,速效钾含量丰富,速效磷含量中等;果实品质因子中以果实硬度、有机酸、可溶性固形物、单果重与土壤营养因子速效钾的相关性最明显,其中可溶性固形物与速效钾呈极显著负相关,单果重与速效钾呈显著负相关.     

不同种植年限蔬菜大棚土壤速效养分含量差异

以开封市郊区露地菜田和蔬菜大棚为研究对象,分析了不同种植年限下,露地菜田和蔬菜大棚之间的耕层土壤酸碱度以及速效养分的差异。结果表明:5年种植年限大棚土壤pH值比2年限大棚土壤降低了0.4个单位;5年种植年限大棚土壤碱解氮含量比露地种植高42.4%;2年限大棚土壤有效磷含量比露地土壤高4.6倍;土壤速效钾含量都达到国家一级标准,无明显差异;5年限大棚土壤有机质比露地土壤高13.6%。有机质含量与土壤碱解氮含量呈极显著正相关关系,与pH值呈显著负相关关系。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

The effect of exposure on landscape scale soil surface temperatures and species distribution models

Species distribution models (SDMs) often use elevation as a surrogate for temperature or utilise elevation sensitive interpolations from weather stations. These methods may be unsuitable at the landscape scale, especially where there are sparse weather stations, dramatic variations in exposure or low elevational ranges. The goal of this study was to determine whether radiation, moisture or a novel estimate of exposure could improve temperature estimates and SDMs for vegetation on the Illawarra Escarpment, near Sydney, Australia. Forty temperature sensors were placed on the soil surface of an approximately 12,000 ha study site between November 2004 and August 2006. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship with environmental factors. Elevation was correlated more with moderate temperatures (winter maximums, summer minimums, spring and autumn averages) than extreme temperatures (summer maximums, winter minimums). The correlation (r ²) between temperature and environmental factors was improved by up to 0.38 by incorporating exposure, moisture and radiation in the regressions. Summer maximums and winter minimums were predominately determined by exposure to the NW and coastal influences respectively, while exposure to the NE and SW was important during other seasons. These directions correspond with the winds that are most influential in the study area. The improved temperature estimates were used in Generalised Additive Models for 37 plant species. The deviance explained by most models was increased relative to elevation, especially for moist rainforest species. It was concluded that improving the accuracy of seasonal temperature estimates could improve our ability to explain the patchy distribution of many species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.