几种适宜设施栽培果树需冷量的研究

 1996～1999 年, 采用Utah 加权模型, 先后对5 个树种、65 个常见设施栽培果树品种的需冷量及相关特性进行了研究。结果表明: 不同树种、品种的需冷量差异显著, 葡萄、西洋樱桃的需冷量最高, 桃最低, 李、杏居中, 而且年际间有较大差异, 说明作为一种遗传特性, 需冷量亦受环境因素的调节; 同一树种不同品种的需冷量高低与本品种果实的成熟期无明显关系, 果实成熟期早而需冷量较高的情况普遍存在; 同一品种其需冷量基本趋势是花芽高于叶芽; 根系在低温需求进程中起调控作用, 与地上低温同步的根际高温减少了花芽的需冷量, 而根系低温则没有效果。晚秋根外喷布6-BA 降低了油桃和杏的低温需求量, GA₃ 则有增加低温需求量的趋势, 而ABA 无明显效果。     

几个油桃品种需冷量的研究

采用河北顺平露地栽培油桃早红珠、曙光与瑞光5号枝条为试材,比较了不同低温累积量下的萌芽率,并采用7.2℃低温模型和犹他模型对3个品种的需冷量进行估算。结果表明:瑞光5号的需冷量最高,花芽与叶芽分别为7607、00 h;曙光需冷量最低,花芽与叶芽均为640 h;早红珠介于二者之间,花芽与叶芽需冷量分别为7006、40 h;同一品种需冷量年际间差异不大;通过对7.2℃低温模型和犹他模型作比较,发现在该地区7.2℃低温模型更适合。     

浙西南地区李主要品种花芽休眠需冷量研究

在浙西南地区气候条件下,采用0～7.2℃模型、7.2℃模型、犹他模型和0～9.8℃模型4种低温模型对主要李品种花芽休眠需冷量进行估算。试验结果表明:采用犹他模型估算需冷量年际间差异小,本地区李需冷量研究宜采用犹他模型。以犹他模型测定结果显示,试验品种中低温需冷量低的品种为芙蓉李和红心李,约为660～720c.u;其次是贵阳李、黑宝石、红肉李、皇家宝石、佛来索、李王和盖县大李,约为720～800c.u;再次是黑琥珀、凯尔斯和玫瑰皇后,约为800～830c.u;需冷量最高的品种为早美丽、红晶李、大石早生、金滴李,约为900～930c.u。     

103份桃种质在南京地区的需冷量和需热量研究

[目的]用不同模型估算南京资源圃103份桃种质花芽和叶芽的需冷量和需热量,筛选花芽和叶芽需冷量和需热量的最佳估算模型,探讨需冷量、需热量与开花展叶的关系.[方法]连续2 a(年)(2018年11月-2019年4月和2019年11月-2020年4月),采用3种需冷量估算模型和2种需热量估算模型对103份桃种质(南京地区)...     

四川成都早熟梨需冷量研究

2008—2010年连续3年,分别采用0～7.2℃模型、≤7.2℃模型和犹他模型估算四川省成都地区早熟梨品种翠冠和爱甘水的需冷量。结果表明,采用3种模型估算的2个早熟梨品种不同年际间需冷量差异较大;相同模型下,估算爱甘水需冷量数值大于翠冠;在四川省成都地区,适宜选择犹他模型估算2个早熟梨品种需冷量,估算的数值在年际间差异较小,翠冠顶花芽和叶芽需冷量分别为716～952、696～782 C.U,爱甘水顶花芽和叶芽需冷量分别为869～952、831～952 C.U,2个梨品种自然休眠结束期在1月3—17日。建议四川省成都地区翠冠和爱甘水梨设施栽培时,扣棚时间为1月上旬至中旬。     

大棚栽培桃树品种选择的原则

1 选择早熟或极早熟品种 桃树大棚栽培是促使桃果提前上市,所以,必须选择早熟或极早熟品种,果实发育期为60～80天。 2.选择需冷量低的品种 不同品种的需冷量各不相同,品种的需冷量低,通过自然休眠的时间短,扣棚升温的时间可相应提前,果实成熟早。经济效益高。 3.选择复花芽多,花粉量大,自花结实率高,且连年丰产的品种。     

关于PP333在核果类果树上的应用研究

通过文献,综述了核果类(桃、油桃、樱桃、李、杏)施用 PP333后,对抑制营养生长,土施情况下的“呆滞期”,持效期,花芽形成,座果,成熟期,果实品质及抗逆性的影响,以及对不同剂量的反应.     

苏南地区主要落叶果树的需冷量

连续2年对苏南地区主要落叶果树的需冷量进行研究。结果表明:梨的需冷量最低,油桃次之,杏较高,葡萄最高。有些品种(如美人酥梨、华光油桃等)年际间有差异,不同地区间差异更大。用犹他模型统计的落叶果树需冷量年际间差异较小,地区间也较稳定,可作为苏南地区落叶果树需冷量的主要统计方法。     

影响温室桃成熟期的因子研究

通过对 16个桃树品种温室栽培时果实成熟期的研究 ,探讨了温室桃成熟期的因子桃树品种需冷量与需热量之间呈极显著正相关关系 ;温室桃成熟期与桃品种需冷量呈显著正相关关系、与升温至盛花期需热量呈不显著正相关关系、与温室内果实发育天数呈极显著正相关关系     

梨种质需冷量与需热量研究

【目的】对梨种质需冷量与需热量关系进行探究以及种间对比、筛选优异资源。【方法】于2020年11月至2021年5月以国家梨种质资源圃保存的12个种的290份梨种质为试验试材,采用≤7.2℃模型、0～7.2℃模型和犹他模型3种需冷量估算模型以及需热量估算模型中的生长度时数模型,估算梨种质的需冷量、需热量。利用SPSS软件对结果进行聚类分析、相关性分析,Excel软件统计分类。【结果】犹他模型所估算的梨花芽需冷量范围为292～486.5 C·U,叶芽需冷量范围为347.5～519 C·U;0～7.2℃模型估算的梨花芽需冷量范围为86～324 h,叶芽需冷量范围为176～361 h;≤7.2℃模型估算的梨花芽需冷量范围为94～1052 h,叶芽需冷量范围为321～1120 h。生长度时数模型估算的梨花芽需热量范围为6108～9728 GDH℃。散点图比较结果显示梨叶芽的需冷量普遍大于花芽;相关性分析结果显示,梨需冷量与需热量之间无显著相关性;花芽需冷量平均值整体呈现为西洋梨>新疆梨>白梨>砂梨>秋子梨,需热量平均值整体呈现为砂梨>西洋梨>新疆梨>白梨&...     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.