Discussion on Status and Functions of China’s Forestry

In recent years, the quantity and quality of global forest resources are declining continually. Contrarily, the both in China are increasing, which is deeply related to the sustainable forest management and eco-system management in China. With the trend that world community knows more about the important role of forest, more and more functions of forest are recognized. The impact and functions of China’s forestry deserve more concern. Based on some experiences in the field of forestry research, the authors introduced and analyzed the key role of China’s forestry for the sustainable development, and explained the functions of China’s forestry, such as ensuring ecological safety, addressing climate change, improving economic development, promoting social harmony and prospering ecological culture.     

Impact Assessment of Climate Change on Forestry Development in China

Forestry and forest ecosystem are highly sensitive to climate change.At present,studies about the responses of forests to climate change in China are more focused on physical influences of climate change.This paper firstly divided the key impact factors of climate change on forest and forestry developing into direct factors and indirect factors,and then made an assessment on climate change affecting future forestry development from the aspect of forest products and ecological services.On this basis,the adap...     

关于中国吉林省林业建设的思考

This paper reviews various forestry practices in Jilin Province, China. The authors emphasize the rich natural diversity of Jilin and the need to focus research efforts on understanding the potential of native species to meet the needs of land-management agencies involved in forest resource exploitation and ecological restoration. The native species of China hold great potential, and deserve more research attention, for meeting these needs. The introduction and testing of exotic species should be dbne only under rigorous scientific testing and after comparison with native species prior to operational introduction into forestry in order to avoid unwanted ecological consequences, including potential problems with alien invasives and pest introductions. The authors also emphasize the need to maintain viable （e.g., genetically diverse and reproductively fit） natural populations of native species in order to protect China＇s valuable natural diversity and maintain the potential of native species to function as future seed sources for local forest and ecological restoration activities.     

Networking Forests and Water areas：Urban Forest Development in China

With rapid urbanization inChina, cities/towns continueto expand in size, ecological and environmentalproblems emerging during the process of urbanizationare becoming increasinglyevident.Urbanization movesforward rapidly, and any mistake in the design ofurban development would cause irreversible loss tothe country because of large investment in urbanenvironment development. According to the currentstatus of urban environment development in China,the available technical resources are far from me…     

Study on Balance between Supply and Demand for Timber and Timber Products in China

INTRODUCTION Because China is deficient in forest resources, and the forest has the characteristics of low quality, uneven distribution, slow growth and severe situation of ecological environment, the ecology construction has become the first requirement in society and with the implementation of the “Natural Forest Conservation Program”, Chinese forestry is in the historic transition from timber production to ecological construction. Therefore, the timber production in China increases…     

Land-use changes in the small watershed of the Loess Plateau,hilly-gully region,China

As more and more farmland is converted to forestry, the need for effective decision support regarding the use of land in the fragile ecological environment of the Loess Plateau hilly-gully area. The Luoyugou watershed was chosen as the study area to calculate the single dynamic degree, integrated dynamic degree, and change indexes of land use, as well as the land-use type transition matrix. This was done by interpreting the TM and SPOT images of the Luoyugou watershed in 1986, 1995, and2004 and making statistical analysis. The results of ou statistical analysis show that the conversion of slope farm land to terrace and forest land plays a dominant role in land-use changes in the Luoyugou watershed from 1986 to2004. The land-use changes are mainly driven by popula tion growth, socio-economic development, consume spending, and investment in forest ecology.     

FORESTAR：A decision—support system for multi—objective forest management in Northeast China

Past monoculture forestry in China has contributed to countrywide ecological disasters and economic difficulties in forestry regions. China‘s new forestry programs, Natural Forest Conservation Program and Returning Farmlands to Forests Program, provide opportunities for ecosystem management of mountain forests in China. A decision support system, FORE-STAR, has been developed for better managing and protecting natural forests in Changbai Mountain area. It uses GIS-based forest inventory data at a scale of forestry bureau. The first version contains two sub-modules: forest operation and forest res-toration. Under each sub-module, users can compare several decision options and make optimal choices. It can help field for-esters, forest managers, and policy makers make multi-objective and consistent decisions in planning forest management at hierarchical administrative scales.     

Current Status and Development Prospect of Carbon Sequestration Forestry in China

Carbon sequestration forestry plays an important role in climate change and global warming mitigation, and thus gains more and more attention around the world. The paper introduced the concept, the significance and the status of carbon sequestration forestry in China, discussed existing issues and put forward countermeasures and suggestions to address these issues. Finally, development prospect of carbon sequestration forestry was analyzed.     

Effects of management regimes on carbon sequestration under the Natural Forest Protection Program in northeast China

Carbon sinks constitute an important element within the complex phenomenon of global climate change,and forest ecosystems are important global carbon sinks.The Natural Forest Protection Program(NFPP) is an ecological program in China that was established after catastrophic flooding in the country in 1998.The goals of the NFPP are to curb the deterioration of the ecological environment,strengthen the protection and restoration of habitat to increase biodiversity,and rehabilitate natural forests to support sustainable development in forest regions.This study looked at changes in carbon sequestration in a forested area of northeast China after the inception of the NFPP.The program divides China's natural forests into three classes—commercial and two types of noneconomic forests—that are subject to management regimes prescribing varying levels of timber harvest,afforestation,and reforestation.During the 18-year period from 1998 to 2015,the total amount of carbon sequestration increased at an average annual rate of 0.04 MT C.This trend reflects a transformation of forest management practices after implementation of the NFPP that resulted in prohibited and/or restricted logging and tighter regulation of allowable harvest levels for specific areas.In documenting this trend,guidelines for more effective implementation of forestry programs such as the NFPP in other countries in the future are also suggested.     

Community Forestry and Sustainable Development in Rural Area

After analysis on the current situation of international forestry, this paper proposes that integration, coordination and sustainable development will be the general developing trend of forest in China, and commercial forest, ecological forest and community forest should be organically combined with integrative development and sustainable development in rural areas. This paper focuses especially on clarifying the importance of community forest to the social development or rural areas, and emphasizes that the key point of forestry should be turned from biological and technical aspects to humane and social aspects.     

The role of extension in agroforestry development: evidence from western Kenya

The extension strategy used by the CARE International in Kenya Agroforestry Extension Project (AEP) is described. This strategy is evaluated in terms of documented changes in farmer's agroforestry practices and the importance of AEP relative to other changes in economic incentives, institutional support, and land use and tenure rules for agroforestry. The project served mainly to increase awareness of the multipurpose potential of agroforestry, expand available technical options, and strengthen local institutions. Its community-based extension approach was more suitable for local conditions than commodity-based, training-and-visit, farming systems, or media-based extension. Projects are encouraged to tailor extension design to local circumstances, use community participation to guide extension priorities, and use extensionists as catalysts and information brokers.Research undertaken while the author was a Principal Scientist at the International Council for Research in Agroforestry, Nairobi, Kenya.     

杭州市林业科技推广工作现状与发展对策

介绍了杭州市林业科技推广工作现状,分析其存在体制不顺、机制不活,投入不足、储备偏低,研产脱节、推广不力等问题,提出了理顺管理体制,设立激励政策,加强科技成果储备,产研一体化的发展对策。     

湖南省油茶科技成果推广成效与经验

概述了湖南省2009年以来与油茶相关的中央财政林业科技推广项目的实施成效,总结项目实施所取得的成功经验,探讨存在的问题,并提出相应的解决措施,为进一步实施好中央财政林业科技推广项目,充分利用项目促进油茶产业发展提供参考。     

Farmer costs and benefits from agroforestry and farm forestry projects in Central America and the Caribbean: implications for policy

This paper presents results of an evaluation of the benefits provided by agroforestry and farm forestry projects in Central America and the Caribbean, and the policy implications. Tree planting provided financial benefits to farmers, as well as social, economic and environmental benefits. These justify policy interventions to explicitly recognize the potential of on-farm tree-planting efforts and provide a policy environment favorable to such efforts. New or revised policies are needed, particularly in a period of declining public budgets, to limit external incentives to in-kind inputs, rather than financial subsidies; promote market development for tree products; adopt low-cost, community-based extension strategies; focus research support; and reduce regulatory disincentives.     

Farmer perspectives on agroforestry opportunities and constraints in cape verde

In the água de Gato Watershed on the island of Santiago, Cape Verde Islands, 51 farmers were surveyed regarding their attitudes and knowledge of agroforestry. The farmers identified eight constraints to agroforestry implementation, with virtually all indicating that a source of loan funds was the major concern. Space or land constraints and availability of tree seedlings were identified as constraints by 94% and 88%, respectively. Despite these concerns, 92% of the farmers expressed a willingness to adopt or improve agroforestry practices in the watershed, with 73% expressing a willingness to establish fruit trees, 53% willing to establish trees or shrubs for fuelwood, and 16% willing to plant trees for shade.     

贵桐1号等良种推广及试验示范研究

对200．7hm~2油桐林进行了推广和试验示范,将油桐科技成果进行组装配套,针对产区油桐林地水土流失严重的问题进行了不同配置模式的试验设计,经过5年的项目实施,试验结果为:在管理较好的林地上5年生油桐每公顷产鲜果2095 kg,示范林的平均土壤侵蚀模数与对照(未采取任何措施的油桐林)相比下降30%以上．这一试验结果为大面积的油桐生产提供了参考和依据．     

泡桐修枝促接干技术及其效应的研究

对2～5年生未接干泡桐修枝的研究结果表明,修除顶部分杈枝和部分下层枝是促进接干形成和生长的有效方法,最适宜修枝促接干的时期为造林后第3年的春季,适宜的修枝强度为50%～70%,保留下层2～3轮侧枝;按此法修枝,接干成功率达97.5%,接干高,径,接干形率在修枝当年可分别达5.7m,10.4cm,0.59,且具有不显著影响下部径生长和材积生长,而较显著促进上部径生长和显著促进主干总材积生长,降低原主干削度的效应;在对照采用高苗干,修枝处理采用矮苗干的情况下,修枝接干后的主干高仍要高于对照71.1%;5～6年生时接干与原主干已形成通直主干,接干材积已占总材积的27.1%～32.3%,与对照相比,原主干下部径生长及其材积无显著变化,而其上部径生长和主干总材积分别高7.2%～8.5%,42.2%～45.6%,且原主干的削度显著降低,形数极显著提高。     

美洲黑杨优良无性系NL-80351推广初报

通过选择,引进了杨树NL-80351优良无性系,分别在应城市、大悟县、孝南区等地育苗试验和造林试验,以原有本地主栽品种I-69无性系作对照,经过连续6a的生长表现测定和统计分析表明NL-803514a生林分年平均高生长4.0m以上,年平均径生长4cm以上,而作对照的I-694a生林分年平均高生长2.6m,年平均径生长3cm左右。NL-80351干形园满通直、尖削度小、分枝角度小、冠幅窄、抗性强,未发现发生病虫危害,一般经营措施下林木生长旺盛,已成为孝感市主栽品种。     

机制创新,使畲乡竹产业充满活力

针对遂昌县三仁乡竹产业的实际,重点开展了竹林高效经营关键技术的试验。实施推广机制和社会化服务机制创新,通过技术参与式设计和技术推广新体系建设,构建自下而上的技术推广新机制;强化政府服务功能和社会化服务体系建设。通过对小忠冬笋高效经营技术的示范与推广,使当地竹农产生了显著的经济效益。     

云南省造林项目科技推广模式研究

在云南省进行集体林权制度改革的背景下,以造林项目科技推广为对象,结合中国国情和云南省情,借鉴国内外相关的研究成果,以构建云南省造林项目科技推广模式为核心展开了全面系统的研究。通过采用理论和实践相结合、定性和定量分析相结合、比较和实证分析相结合的研究方法,在引建市场机制的前提下,构建了以造林项目科技推广主体为中心,风险控制体系、实施体系和指标评价体系全方位结合的云南省造林项目科技推广模式;提出在社会主义市场经济环境下,造林项目科技推广是市场行为,必须在生态经济、资源经济与市场经济相结合的理论指导下实施,将林业科技推广人员的行为与项目受益者的利益取向进行趋同化引导,形成科研与生产相结合、项目管理与科技推广相结合、推广者与受益人相结合的协调发展局面。