多环芳烃污染土壤的微生物与植物联合修复研究进展

本文综述了多环芳烃(PAHs)污染土壤中微生物降解途径、机理及生物反应器的应用,并从植物修复角度,进一步阐述了与微生物联合作用促进污染土壤中PAHs降解的途径、机理及其应用。提出了利用微生物共代谢降解及其与植物联合修复PAHs污染土壤环境的生物修复技术未来研究课题。     

土壤环境中多环芳烃的微生物降解及联合生物修复

研究土壤环境中持久性有机污染物的生物降解及其生物修复技术是当今国际环境修复科学技术前沿领域的重要课题。本文重点论述了土壤环境中持久性有机污染物多环芳烃的微生物降解机理及其在生物修复中的应用等,并结合当前研究进展,展望了基于多种修复措施相结合的多环芳烃污染土壤联合生物修复工程技术的开发与应用前景。     

植物对污染土壤修复作用的研究进展

利用植物修复污染土壤是一种被人们认为安全可靠的方法.植物修复技术不仅能修复被石油污染的土壤,而且对更多品种污染的土壤修复有效,植物降解高分子有毒化合物的基础是根际环境及根际微生物,与无植物土壤不同.对根际区微生物降解和转化有机化合物的研究,更多的集中于植物对杀虫剂和除草剂的降解.事实证明,生物修复污染土壤是一项实用性和有效性很强的技术.     

电子垃圾影响区多氯联苯污染农田土壤的生物修复机制与技术发展

电子垃圾中含有大量多氯联苯等有毒有害物质,对电子垃圾的不当拆解可造成土壤、水体和大气的污染,进而对生态环境和人体健康构成潜在的威胁。生物修复是利用生物对环境污染物的吸收、代谢、降解等功能,加速去除环境中污染物质的过程。根据修复所用的主体,生物修复又可分为植物修复、微生物修复、动物修复及其联合修复等。本文结合笔者的研究工作,综述了我国东南沿海某典型电子垃圾拆解区土壤多氯联苯的污染特征,并介绍了当前国内外对多氯联苯污染土壤的微生物修复、植物修复和植物-微生物联合修复技术及其机理研究的现状,并提出未来研究趋势,旨在为促进污染区土壤环境生物修复的深入研究、保障污染区的农产品质量安全和人体健康提供理论参考。     

农药污染土壤的生物强化修复技术研究进展

生物强化作为一种新型、高效的生物修复技术在污染环境治理中具有独特优势。针对目前土壤农药污染现状,本文介绍了土壤微生物修复方法中的生物强化技术的概念及内涵,探讨了在污染土壤环境中影响生物强化修复效率的生物及非生物因素,重点阐述了生物强化技术在4大类农药(有机氯类、有机磷类、拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂和三嗪类除草剂)污染土壤修复中的研究进展及应用实例,并提出生物强化技术面临的问题和未来研究方向。     

植物修复多环芳烃污染土壤的根际效应机制研究进展

多环芳烃类有机污染物在土壤中可长期存在,进而通过食物链对人类健康产生重大潜在风险。对多环芳烃污染土壤进行植物修复是一种环境友好且经济有效的污染补救策略。进行植物根际效应机制研究对于开发可持续性多环芳烃污染土壤的植物修复技术具有重要指导意义。对近年来的相关研究工作进行了总结,结果表明:多种禾本科植物具有较强的多环芳烃污染耐受性和较好的修复效能,利用多植物混植的联合修复方式表现出优于单一植物的修复优势。低分子量有机酸类根系分泌物通过与土壤中多环芳烃污染物形成反馈回路决定植物修复体系中多环芳烃的命运。修复植物根系分泌物可塑造特定的根际微生物区系,根际微生物可通过多种机制来降解土壤环境中的多环芳烃。针对在植物修复多环芳烃污染土壤研究过程中尚存在一些问题,提出了未来植物修复根际效应机理研究中应该关注的重点和方向,旨在为优化多环芳烃污染土壤植物修复技术提供科学依据与理论参考。     

蚯蚓在土壤重金属污染及其修复中的应用研究进展

蚯蚓作为主要的大型土壤动物类群,对土壤环境改善起到了重要的作用,本文在系统分析、归纳总结国内外相关领域研究成果的基础上,综述了蚯蚓在土壤重金属污染及其修复中的应用研究进展,主要包括:蚯蚓作为土壤重金属污染的指示生物,蚯蚓对重金属的富集与释放,重金属对蚯蚓生理生态的影响研究,蚯蚓在土壤重金属污染修复中的作用机制,蚯蚓与植物、微生物的协同作用,以及蚯蚓粪作为重金属污染修复剂的潜力分析等.在此基础上,概括提出了蚯蚓在重金属污染土壤修复领域面临的主要问题.     

天然多孔矿物材料在土壤改良和土壤环境修复中的应用及研究进展

天然多孔矿物在孔隙结构、吸附特性、离子交换特性、催化特性、微溶效应等多方面呈现明显特殊性和优异性,能够有效地改善土壤微环境和修复污染的土壤。文中对天然多孔矿物及其改性材料在土壤改良和土壤环境修复中的应用及研究进展进行了综合阐述,其中包括天然多孔矿物材料的环境属性、结构化学特性、在土壤改良中应用、在重金属污染土壤修复中应用、在有机物污染土壤修复中应用和在病毒污染土壤修复中应用等多个方面的内容,为天然多孔矿物在土壤环境科学研究中使用提供必要的技术依据。天然多孔矿物的资源特性和环境属性非常适合于我国土壤环境的改良和修复的应用条件,具有重要的研究和经济意义。     

土壤PAHs污染的微生物修复

PAHs广泛分布于土壤中,是一种非环境友好型物质。综合介绍了土壤中PAHs的来源、分布与危害,论述了PAHs的致癌毒性的结构特点、土壤PAHs污染的微生物修复原理及近年来可降解PAHs的微生物筛选情况,同时列举了新发现的可降解PAHs的微生物种类,针对土壤PAHs污染的特点提出了原位修复和异位修复两种修复方法以及从土壤性质改良和提高PAHs溶解率两方面促进微生物降解PAHs。     

污染土壤修复技术研究进展

土壤是人类生产活动的重要物质基础,随着社会经济的高速发展和高强度的人类活动,土壤受污染面积不断扩大,土壤质量持续恶化,影响到实现可持续发展的战略目标。由土壤污染导致的农产品的生态安全问题已不容忽视。因此,开展污染土壤修复活动,完善土壤修复技术体系,对阻断污染物进入食物链,防止对人体健康造成危害,实现社会经济可持续发展是非常重要的。该文系统介绍了目前国内外污染场地修复中广泛使用的物理修复技术、化学修复技术、生物修复技术(包括植物修复、微生物修复和动物修复技术)以及相关技术结合使用的联合修复技术,并对各种方法的研究进展进行了较全面的综述,最后也对未来土壤污染修复技术的发展方向进行了展望。     

土壤有机污染物电化学修复技术研究进展

综述了有机污染土壤的电动力修复和微生物电化学修复的最新研究进展.分析了电动力修复中电极材料、运行条件等因素对污染物去除效果的影响,总结了添加表面活性剂、引入具有降解能力的基质、与化学或生物联合等方式对土壤修复效果的强化作用,阐述了微生物电化学修复的效果、影响因素和微生物群落演变的规律.电化学技术能够有效去除土壤中的有机...     

土壤中有机复合污染物微生物组转化机制与调控原理：进展与展望

实际污染土壤中有机污染物通常以复合污染状态存在,有机复合污染物的微生物降解过程及其作用机制显得更为复杂。土壤微生物类群多样,具有丰富的功能多样性。而有机复合污染物的降解通常由微生物组操控,通过微生物群落代谢网络完成污染物的去除。近年来,研究者逐渐关注有机复合污染土壤中微生物群落适应机制-微生物组转化过程-合成微生物组设计-原位微生物组修复等方面的研究,对认知污染土壤治理和修复具有重要的科学意义。本文以具有代谢协同性及功能互补性的微生物组为切入点,系统阐述土壤中有机复合污染物的微生物组转化机制与调控原理等,探讨微生物组在复合污染土壤绿色可持续原位生物修复中的发展前景。     

生物质炭修复重金属及有机物污染土壤的研究进展

生物质炭是生物质原料在完全或部分缺氧条件下高温热解后的固体产物,它具有丰富的孔隙结构和较高的碳含量。该物质具有巨大的表面积和较强的阳离子交换能力等特殊性质,对受污染土壤中的重金属和有机物都具有很强的吸附能力,有效地降低这些污染物的生物有效性和在环境中的迁移,对改善土壤环境具有重大意义。近年来我国土壤污染严重,利用生物质炭修复受污染土壤的技术得到了广泛的关注。本文简述了生物质炭修复土壤污染的基本原理,探讨了与其他修复方法相比存在的优势,阐述了国内外近年来利用生物质炭修复污染土壤的研究进展,最后展望了今后需要进一步研究的领域。     

基于文献计量的土壤生物修复技术研究现状及进展分析

随着人类活动对地球环境的影响日益显著,土壤污染问题已成为社会关注的焦点。我国土壤修复起步较晚,且修复技术仅局限于物理、化学等常规手段。随着国家对污染防治攻坚战的深入推进,修复领域亟需高效、低耗、环保的新技术出现,而生物修复可以一定程度弥补现有修复技术的缺陷。因此,通过与传统物理化学修复比较,探究了生物技术（如动物、植物、微生物技术）的优势、使用特点及适用范围,对国内外生物土壤修复技术进行了计量分析。文献调研结果显示:①土壤生物修复主要关注多环芳烃、重金属等污染物,并且微生物技术是研究热点,前期主要探究降解菌的分离鉴定,现阶段则集中于相关机理分析;②动物修复技术的主体模式生物单一,主要利用蚯蚓的生物性和非生物性特性进行修复,在土壤修复中应用较少;③植物修复技术因其多样的修复机理,广泛应用于重金属污染场地,同时可与微生物协同处理污染物;④微生物修复技术主体多样,修复污染物种类多,并且可与其他修复技术联合应用,在生物修复技术中研究最为广泛;⑤对国内土壤修复的发展方向进行展望,以期推动我国修复领域技术的快速发展。     

Biodegradation combined with ozone for the remediation of contaminated soils

The effectiveness of the SS-SBR (Soil Slurry – Sequencing Batch Reactor) process for the remediation of soils contaminated by several organic pollutants has been evaluated. Experimental tests have been performed on two different soils, a spiked one and an industrial aged soil. The spiked soil, artificially contaminated, has been prepared trying to simulate the pollution of an industrial aged soil in terms of number and kind of contaminants. PAHs (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) and phenols degradation has been particularly investigated because they are considered persistent and recalcitrant. Concerning the spiked soil, removal efficiencies higher than 95% in 6 to 9 weeks have been found for all the pollutants, except for five-rings PAHs; however, these compounds were partly removed in 11 to 13 weeks. Good results have been achieved also for the industrial aged soil with a maximum removal of about 80% in 7–8 weeks. To enhance the pollutants degradation, trying to obtain a faster remediation, the biological treatment has been combined with a chemical oxidation with ozone. The best degradation effectiveness of the combined process has been obtained applying the ozonation after few days of the biological treatment. Therefore, a combined biological and chemical treatment allowed to markedly improve the remediation of contaminated soils.     

Effects of heavy metal contamination and remediation on soil microbial communities in the vicinity of a zinc smelter as indicated by analysis of microbial community phospholipid fatty acid profiles

Heavy metal contamination in an area immediately surrounding a zinc smelter has resulted in destruction of over 485 hectares of forest. The elevated levels of heavy metals in these soils have had significant impacts on the population size and overall activity of the soil microbial communities. Remediation of these soils has resulted in increases in indicators of biological activity and viable population size, which suggest recovery of the microbial populations. Questions remain as to how the metal contamination and subsequent remediation at this site have impacted the population structure of the soil microbial communities. In the current study, microbial communities from this site were analyzed by the phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) procedure. Principal component analysis of the PLFA profiles indicated that there were differences in the profiles for soils with different levels of metal contamination, and that soils with higher levels of metal contamination showed decreases in indicator PLFAs for mycorrhizal fungi, Gram-positive bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes. PLFA profiles for remediated sites indicated that remediated soils showed increases in indicator PLFAs for fungi, actinomycetes, and Gram-positive bacteria, compared to unremediated metal contaminated soils. These data suggest a change in the population structure of the soil microbial communities resulting from metal contamination and a recovery of several microbial populations resulting from remediation.     

Plant- and microbe-assisted biochar amendment technology for petroleum hydrocarbon remediation in saline-sodic soils: A review

Soil degradation through salinization and pollution by toxic compounds such as petroleum hydrocarbons(PHCs) in the coastal wetlands has become a significant threat to ecosystem health, biodiversity, and food security. However, traditional remediation technologies can generate secondary pollutants, incur high operating costs, and consume significant quantities of energy. Bioremediation, using plants, biochar, and microbes, is an innovative and cost-effective option to remediate contaminated soils. Biochar, as a plant/microbe growth enhancer, is a promising green approach for the sustainable phytoremediation of PHCs in salinized soils. This review therefore summarizes the effect of plant-and microbe-assisted biochar amendment technology for the remediation of PHCs and salinization. Plant-microbe interactions mediated rhizodegradation despite increasing hydrocarbon sorption. Overall, microbial respiration is more active in biochar amendments, due to faster biodegradation of PHCs and improved soil properties. The use of biochar, plants, and microbes is recommended,as it offers a practical and sustainable option, both ecologically and economically, for the remediation of PHCs and excess salinity. Further development of new green technologies is to be encouraged.     

Modern approaches to remediation of heavy metal polluted soils: A review

The main principles and approaches to remediation of in situ polluted soils aimed at the removal or control of heavy metals (washing, stabilization, phytoremediation, and natural restoration) are analyzed. The prospects of gentle methods of stabilization oriented at the reduction of the mobility and biological availability of heavy metals due to the processes of adsorption, ionic exchange, and precipitation are emphasized. The use of sorbents and the traditional application of liming and phosphates to fix metal pollutants in soils is considered. The necessary conditions for successful soil remediation are the assessment of its economic efficiency, the analysis of the ecological risks, and confirming the achievement of the planned purposes related to the content of available metals in the soils.     

Photodegradation of Tri(Chloropropyl) Phosphate Solution by UV/O3

The prediction of the time and the efficiency of the remediation of contaminated soils using soil vapor extraction remain a difficult challenge to the scientific community and consultants. This work reports the development of multiple linear regression and artificial neural network models to predict the remediation time and efficiency of soil vapor extractions performed in soils contaminated separately with benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, trichloroethylene, and perchloroethylene. The results demonstrated that the artificial neural network approach presents better performances when compared with multiple linear regression models. The artificial neural network model allowed an accurate prediction of remediation time and efficiency based on only soil and pollutants characteristics, and consequently allowing a simple and quick previous evaluation of the process viability.     

利用土壤改良剂固定污染土壤中铅、镉的研究进展

Since the inception of industrial revolution, metal refining plants using pyrometallurgical processes have generated the prodigious emissions of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd). As the core target of such pollutants, a large number of soils are nowadays contaminated over widespread areas, posing a great threat to public health worldwide. Unlike organic pollutants, Pb and Cd do not undergo chemical or microbial breakdown and stay likely in site for longer duration after their release. Immobilization is an in-situ remediation technique that uses cost-effective soil amendments to reduce Pb and Cd availability in the contaminated soils. The Pb and Cd contamination in the soil environment is reviewed with focus on source enrichment, speciation and associated health risks, and immobilization options using various soil amendments. Commonly applied and emerging cost-effective soil amendments for Pb and Cd immobilization include phosphate compounds, liming, animal manure, biosolids, metal oxides, and biochar. These immobilizing agents could reduce the transfer of metal pollutants or residues to food web (plant uptake and leaching to subsurface water) and their long-term sustainability in heavy metal fixation needs further assessment.