基于分期播种试验的大兴安岭东部大豆丰产优质气候评价方法研究

为了开展大兴安岭东部地区大豆优质、丰产定量化评估服务，利用扎兰屯农业气象监测站1992—2021的大豆发育期和呼伦贝尔市大豆单产资料，结合多年生产实践以及分期播种试验数据，得出大豆各生育阶段丰产优质气象适宜指标，确定各阶段丰产优质气象条件及其重要程度，建立丰产优质气候评价方法和指标，并利用分期播种试验的产量和品质数据进行了验证。根据实际产量和品质特征的丰产优质气象等级符合的占60%,基本符合的占17%,不符合的占23%。评价指标综合考虑了影响产量和品质的气候条件，评价方法丰富了高寒地区大豆种植过程中气候影响的定量评估研究，也为其他大田作物在气候影响评价方面提供了可借鉴的方法。     

黑河54号大豆品种综合农艺措施产量函数模型分析

本试验应用二次回归正交旋转设计试验方法研究了黑河54号大豆主要栽培因子(密度、氮肥、磷肥和钾肥)与大豆产量的关系,建立了数学模型。通过微机对横型的解析,得出各因子对产量效应的主次关系;两因子搭配的产量效应以及等产量线图。通过边际产量分析了经济效益,并且藉助微机模拟试验(频数分析),求出指定产量水平下的最佳农艺措施,为总结大豆栽培经验与指导生产提供了新的思路。     

黑河九号大豆综合高产农艺措施数学模型分析

本试验应用二次回归正交旋转试验设计方法研究了黑河九号大豆主要栽培因子(密度、氮肥、磷肥和钾肥)与大豆产量的关系,建立了黑河九号大豆在本省第四积温带黑河地区土壤中等肥力条件下的高产栽培数学模型。通过微机对模型的解析,得出各因子对产量效应的主次关系,两因子搭配的产量效应以及等产量线图。通过边际产量分析了经济效益,并通过频数分析,得出指定产量水平下的最佳综合高产农艺措施组合方案,为黑河九号大豆大面积生产规范化栽培提供了依据。     

中粒花生品种最佳播期分析

通过三年田间分期播种试验,证明花生播种期的早晚与产量高低的关系很大,只有合理地确定最佳播期(适宜的气候播种期),才能充分利用当地的温度、光照、水分等气候资源,避开不利的气象因素,为花生的稳产、高产奠定基础。 本文利用1981年分期播种的平行观测材料,经过统计分析,得出最佳播期。     

湘春豆14号高产综合技术数学模型研究

本试验采用五元二次回归正交旋转组合设计的试验方法,研究了由我所育成的湘春豆14号密度(x_1)、氮(x_2)、磷(x_3)、钾(x_4)基施和氮肥追施叶龄(x_5)等五个主要栽培因子与大豆产量的关系。通过田间试验测定参数,建立了产量数学模型。对模型进行解析得出各因子与产量的关系,以及各因子的增产速率;x_1和x_2、x_1和x_5、x_2和x_5互作效应与产量的关系;借助计算机模拟试验,提出了红壤旱土条件下栽培产量2000～2400kg/ha的优化农艺模式,为指导生产提供了决策依据。     

水稻花时与气象因子的关系

 4个籼稻和3个粳稻品种，分6期播种，研究其开花高峰时间（简称花时）与当天开花期间主要气象因子的关系。结果表明：1）不同类型品种的花时差异很大。同一品种在不同开花期的花时也有很大变异，其中约46%-66%可由相应时期内气象因子的变异说明。2）气象因子对花时的籼，粳两类品种间明显不同。影响籼稻花时的因子依次为温度，日照和风力，湿度的作用不显著；而影响粳稻花时的因子首推湿度和温度，其次为日照，风力的作用较小，且在品种间表现不一致。3）得出籼粳品种的花时依主要气象因子的两个最优回归方程，可用于排除气象因子变异的干扰，矫正实际花时，提高遗传分析的精确度。     

不同播种期对亚麻产量和品质的影响

通过亚麻新品种内亚九号的不同分期播种试验,得出呼和浩特市地区亚麻产量构成因子及产量均为4月20日播种的最高,并呈现出越晚播越低的趋势,亚麻含油率及亚麻酸含量4月13日播种的最高,并呈现出越晚播越低的趋势。综合亚麻产量与含油率及亚麻酸含量的试验结果,在不受冻害影响的前提下,呼市地区亚麻的最佳播种期为4月13日至4月20日之间。     

两系杂交油菜新品种“湘杂油5号”高产栽培综合技术研究——密度及主要肥料因子对产量的影响

采用四元二次回归正交旋转组合设计，以对油菜籽产量影响较大的4项农艺因素作为决策变量，产量作为目标函数，研究了优质两系杂交油菜品种“湘杂油5号”的密度(x1)和氮肥(x2)、磷肥(x3)、钾肥(x4)的施用量与产量的关系，通过田间试验测定参数，建立了产量数学模型。对模型进行解析得出各因子与产量的关系、各因子的增长速率，以及互作效应与产量的关系。利用计算机模拟寻优，提出产量指标为2500kg／hm^2的优化农艺措施为：每公顷密度在14.36万～15.31万株，施氮量241.25～250.9kg，P2O5用量134.82～142.86kg，K2O用量135.65～143.78kg。     

膜下滴灌水稻产量与生理性状及产量构成因子的相关性分析

为更加清晰的揭示膜下滴灌水稻产量与生理特性及产量构成因子的关系，本研究对主栽的4个水稻品种不同发育阶段株高、叶绿素含量和光合速率进行测定，并对收获时田间产量因子进行调查与测定。结果表明，在一定范围内，膜下滴灌水稻的产量与株高、穗长、实粒数、净光合速率和叶绿素呈极显著正相关。     

玉米发育动态的定量分析及其模式化

Ⅰ.绪言因发育阶段是指花芽分化、叶期、出穗开花、成熟等现象与作物自身生理龄的关系,所以它不仅与生育期密切相关,也与生长、产量密切相关。发育阶段还可作为决定耕作期和培肥管理的指标。如玉米的相对熟度(与水     

玉米穗粒数形成过程模型研究

采用均匀设计方法,通过播期、密度、水肥管理等措施创造不同的玉米生长状态,在动态调查玉米关键生育时期生长及穗粒形成的基础上,建立玉米穗粒数与干物质积累、出苗-吐丝持续时间、比茎重(单位茎长的干物质重)的关系模型,模型模拟的相对误差(RE)为0.08%,相关系数(R)为0.857,模拟值与观测值吻合度高,拟合效果显著。模型预测效果的t测验表明,预测值与观测值之间没有显著性差异,方程可以很好地预测玉米穗粒数。通过对玉米穗粒数形成过程的分析表明,模型变量基本反映了玉米穗粒数决定过程涉及的因素,从统计学及生物学方面均能较好地解释玉米穗粒数的形成。本研究也建立了玉米比茎重与种植密度的关系模型,两者在9叶期、12叶期和吐丝期均呈负相关关系,模型的拟合及预测效果较好。     

冬小麦麦穗生长过程的模拟研究

为了实现小麦麦穗生长过程的可视化表达，以不同氮肥处理条件下不同类型小麦品种的两年田间试验为基础，通过连续观测并记载不同处理条件下的小麦主茎和分蘖麦穗形态指标（包括穗长、穗宽和穗厚），综合分析了小麦麦穗形态指标随生育进程和环境条件的变化规律，并利用系统分析方法和动态建模技术，构建了冬小麦麦穗生长过程的动态模拟模型。结果表明，麦穗的伸长过程符合S型曲线，而不同蘖位麦穗的最终长度符合二次曲线，且在不同氮肥处理之间均差异明显；采用Logistic方程描述了麦穗长度的动态变化过程，用二次曲线和线性方程定量描述了穗形的动态变化过程，同时采用旗叶的SPAD值量化了氮素对麦穗生长特征的影响；并利用不同小麦品种的田间试验资料对所建模型进行了测试和检验。结果显示，不同时期麦穗穗长、穗宽和穗厚预测值的平均RMSE分别为0．28、0．05和0．04cm。表明模型具有较强的动态预测性和可靠性，从而为进一步建立虚拟小麦生长系统奠定了基础。     

基于主成分和聚类分析的大豆品种生物学性状的比较研究

采用主成分分析和聚类分析方法研究了10个大豆品种在沈阳地区种植的适应性.结果表明,不同大豆品种的主要生物学性状可通过主成分分析归纳成单株个体因子、株形因子及致病虫害因子3个主成分;聚为3类后,每一类的单位面积产量的差异极显著,高产品种一般具有较多的有效分枝、单株荚数、单株粒数、单株粒重,生育期相对较长,株高和主茎节数的数值相对较低;主成分分析和聚类分析方法是用于区域大豆品种筛选的十分有效的统计学方法.     

硒镧复合作用下姬松茸氨基酸数量性状的因子分析

对硒镧复合作用下姬松茸氨基酸数量性状进行因子分析。结果表明,硒镧复合作用下姬松茸氨基酸的17个数量性状,可提取为2个公因子,其累积方差贡献率达93.66%,具有较好地反映这些性状所包含的信息。按照主因子所包含的性状及其所反映的营养学和药学含义,可把2个主因子命名为芳香族氨基酸、支链氨基酸因子和鲜味氨基酸因子。一个2因子的模型能够合理地解释氨基酸含量间的相关关系。其因子得分可用于对硒镧复合作用下氨基酸质量的综合评价,证实氨基酸含量与硒镧复合作用下姬松茸含量之间大部分存在着极显著相关性.这些研究为以后姬松茸的栽培及营养学和药学机理提供科学依据。     

UPLAND GRASS PRODUCTION IN NORTH-EAST SCOTLAND IN RELATION TO SOIL AND SITE CONDITIONS

An experiment involving 24 grassland sites was carried out to measure the influence of a large number of variables on upland yields between 900 and 1450 ft above sea level in western Aberdeenshire. The grass was harvested in mid-July and at the end of October 1966. Few factors were significant in the first harvest yields. In the second harvest yields, aspect and soil parent material were both significant at the 1% level, and available soil phosphate at the 5% level. Total yields (DM) for the growing season were correlated with parent material (2% level), with available soil P (1% level) and with the P and K content of the leaf (1% and 5% levels). Yields were also correlated with sward age (5% level) and sward condition (1% level). A number of variables were highly correlated with sward age and condition, including the leaf content (second harvest) of K, P and crude protein (0.1%, 1% and 1% levels).
The highest yield was 4700 kg/ha/year and the average yield 2585 kg/ha/year, but the results showed that the average could be substantially increased by good management, especially by P fertilizer. The results confirmed that there was no marked fall-off in yields with increasing altitude (r=0.066, 0.194 and 0.112) and there appeared scope for reclamation on suitable sites at higher elevations.     

云南低纬高原生态环境下冬季亚麻主要经济性状分析

对云南冬季亚麻主产区七个试点的亚麻主要经济性状进行了分析。主要经济性状标准差差异不大,表明其对原茎产量和纤维产量的贡献比较稳定,各产区均能获得较高产量。且符合生产16#以上机制麻的要求。     

大豆菌核病流行预测研究

１９８８－１９９２年，在黑龙江省北部研究了与大豆菌核病发病率显著相关的因子。在菌核史较重的田块中，大豆菌核病的发病率和大豆开花期间的气象因子，表现了显著的相关。经电子计算机进行多元逐步回归分析，建立了大豆菌核病年发病程度拟合方程：Ｙ＝－１２８．３２８＋０．１１５５１ｘ１＋４．０６０６４ｘ２－０．１２５６９ｘ３，复相关系数Ｒ＝０．９９９９９３，经检验，理论值和实际调查值拟合很好。通过大豆盛花期间田间     

Evaluation of yield–density relationships and optimization of intercrop compositions of field-grown pea–oat intercrops using the replacement series and the response surface design

In a 2-year field experiment (2002/2003) on a loess soil near Göttingen/Germany, pea (Pisum sativum L.) and oat (Avena sativa L.) were grown alone and intercropped at a range of densities. Shoot biomass, grain yields and amount of N in grain were evaluated and optimized using two different replacement series and a hyperbolic yield–density equation describing a response surface to address the following questions: (i) what is the optimal composition of the pea–oat intercrop with regard to maximum yields, (ii) which intercropping design is most suitable to describe competition effects in pea–oat intercrops and the optimal intercrop compositions and (iii) which intercropping design is best suited for the evaluation of field data. For (i), the optimal intercrop compositions varied depending on the growth conditions for the crops. Furthermore, optimal intercrop compositions were found above the recommended sole crop densities. The density of oat had to be reduced more than that of pea, especially when optimal grain-N yields were desired and soil-N content was high. For maximum grain-N yields, pea could be sown at high densities in combination with 5–50% of the recommended density of oat. Thus, density can be used as a yield regulator for specific purposes such as a high N yield. The effects of competition at final harvest were described equally by both designs (ii). Oat was the clearly stronger and pea the inferior competitor. In contrast to the replacement series design, the hyperbolic yield–density equation was capable of adding valuable information about the extent of intra and interspecific competition. As intraspecific competition was consistently more important than interspecific competition, resource complementarity could be hold responsible for intercrop advantages. The highest intercrop advantage was found when total intraspecific competition was low, as shown by the relative yield total (RYT) and niche differentiation index (NDI) values >1. However, due to the RYT dependence on sole crops and total densities, the replacement series design led to misleading interpretations of the yield advantages. Both experimental designs were able to describe the field-data reliably (iii), but the response surface design had the advantage of being unaffected by insufficient field emergences, as it is not based on total densities. Numbers of plants m⁻² instead of seeds m⁻² can be used for the evaluation. Data from sole crops are not needed for the response surface design and thus the feared high experimental effort of this design can be reduced. However, when using the replacement series design, experimental effort should be greater than normal, as different sole crop densities and more intercrop compositions within a replacement series can lead to a more precise interpretation of the competition effects.     

Trends of climatic potential and on-farm yields of rice and wheat in the Indo-Gangetic Plains

Rice and wheat are the two most important cereals in the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) and are responsible for the food security of the region. To understand the productivity trends in the transects of the IGP: (1) the climatic potential yields of rice and wheat were simulated using a crop simulation modeling approach and (2) the long-term trends of potential and on-farm yields were compared. The potential yields of rice and wheat in the IGP ranged from 7.7 to 10.7 and 5.2 to 7.9 Mg ha⁻¹, respectively. The upper transects of the IGP are more productive and yield decreases by 27% for rice and by 32% for wheat from transect 2 to transect 5. The rate of change in the potential yield trend of rice from 1985 to 2000 ranged from −0.12 to 0.05 Mg ha⁻¹ per year. Negative yield trends were observed at six of the nine sites, four of which were statistically significant (P<0.05). The decrease in radiation and increase in minimum temperature were the reasons for the yield decline. The potential yield trend of wheat, however, appeared to be stable. On-farm yields of rice also showed a negative trend but for wheat the trend was mostly positive. The adverse changes in the weather parameters and declining trends of potential and on-farm yields of rice should be taken as an indication of a future problem. Regular on-farm monitoring of crops and climatic factors is urgently needed for predicting problems and allowing measures to be taken to improve productivity.     

九个黄淮和长江中下游冬麦区的优质冬小麦品种在晋中麦区的生育及品质表现

为拓宽山西优质小麦品种资源,采用田间试验,分秋播(2010年9月28日)和春播(2011年2月28日)两个播种时期,研究了来自黄淮冬麦区和长江中下游冬麦区的9个优质小麦品种在晋中晚熟冬麦区的农艺、产量及品质性状表现。其中黄淮冬麦区品种为烟农19(冬性,强筋)、淮麦18(半冬性,中筋)和宁麦9号(冬性,弱筋),长江中下游冬麦区品种为镇麦168(春性,强筋)、皖麦33(春性,强筋)、宁麦13(春性,弱筋)、扬辐麦2号(春性,弱筋)、扬辐麦4号(春性,弱筋)和扬麦15(春性,弱筋)。结果表明,烟农19和淮麦18在晋中麦区秋播可正常越冬,并获得相当的产量,且烟农19的成穗数和产量高于淮麦18;9个引进小麦品种在晋中麦区春播均可抽穗成熟,但因2010-2011年度秋冬春三季连旱,所有品种在苗期到拔节期受旱,因而均未能获得较高的籽粒产量。烟农19和淮麦18的籽粒产量和品质秋播明显高于或优于春播。总体来看,在晋中麦区,烟农19和淮麦18适宜通过秋播种植加以利用,扬辐麦2号、宁麦9号有望通过春播种植加以利用。