一株益生芽孢杆菌Pab02的16S rDNA测序鉴定

利用16S rDNA分析对Pab02芽孢杆菌型益生菌进行系统进化鉴定.首先提取菌株Pab02的基因组DNA,根据不同种属细茵的16S rDNA序列两端的保守性设计通用引物,对茵株Pab02的16S rDNA的进行PCR扩增,并对扩增到的目标片段进行测序.将测序结果与NCBI上已知茵种的16S rDNA序列进行BLAST对比,初步构建系统进化树进行分析,再结合传统的形态观察及生理生化特性综合鉴定.最终确定为枯草芽孢杆菌.     

鸡源抗逆性芽孢杆菌的分离鉴定

试验通过对健康肉鸡盲肠内容物高温处理后,筛选获得3株芽孢杆菌疑似菌,并对其进行耐酸、耐胆盐及抑菌试验,最终获得1株抗逆性最强的菌株Y1,并对其进行形态观察、生理生化试验及16S rDNA序列同源性分析,最终确定其为凝结芽孢杆菌。     

水产养殖用复合微生物粉剂中菌种的分子生物学鉴定

对两种市售水产养殖用复合微生物粉剂中微生物菌种进行鉴定。利用平板分离技术对粉剂中的微生物进行分离纯化,进行了形态学观察、16S rDNA和26S rDNA序列分析,并构建系统发育树。结果表明,两种微生物粉剂中菌群结构存在一定差异,S1粉剂中鉴定出5株芽孢杆菌和2株酵母菌,分别为枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌或索诺拉沙漠芽孢杆菌、葡萄牙棒孢酵母和库德里阿兹威毕赤酵母;S2粉剂中鉴定出3株芽孢杆菌、1株放线菌、2株酵母菌和3株肠球菌,分别为解木糖赖氨酸芽孢杆菌、环状芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌或索诺拉沙漠芽孢杆菌、芬氏纤维微菌、酿酒酵母、库德里阿兹威毕赤酵母、鹑鸡肠球菌、屎肠球菌或乳酸肠球菌。明确水产养殖用复合微生物粉剂的菌群结构为同类产品的安全性及有效性评估提供理论基础。     

产芽孢木质素降解菌株N13的分离与鉴定

研究旨在从牛粪中筛选出1株对木质素有降解能力的细菌,并对其鉴定到种。对其形态和生理生化特征进行研究,发现其特征与解淀粉芽孢杆菌（Bacillus amyloliquefaciens）很相近。将所测得的16S rDNA序列用BLAST软件在GenBank数据库中进行比对,选取序列相似性高的菌株,用ClustalX（1.8）软件进行16S rDNA相似性分析,Neighbor-Joining法构建系统发育树。N13菌株与Bacillus amyloliquefaciens的相似性达到99.85%,鉴定该菌为解淀粉芽孢杆菌。     

鲈鱼枯草芽孢杆菌的分离及16S rDNA基因分析

为了鉴定从健康鲈鱼中分离纯化的一株细菌的种属,采用细菌培养特征、生化鉴定和16S rDNA基因序列分析的方法进行试验。结果表明:该菌为革兰氏阳性杆菌,有鞭毛,能运动;能利用葡萄糖、木糖、阿拉伯木聚糖、果糖、甘露醇、柠檬酸盐等,不能利用麦芽糖和丙酸盐,不形成吲哚;16S rDNA基因大小为1 462 bp,GenBank登录号为KP289263,菌株与枯草芽孢杆菌亲缘关系最近,同源性达到99%,因此确定该菌为枯草芽孢杆菌。     

降解豆粕抗原蛋白的兼性厌氧型芽孢杆菌筛选及鉴定

从长期存放的陈旧豆粕、自然发酵豆粕及豆豉等样品中分离并筛选出1株降解大豆抗原蛋白且高产蛋白酶的兼性厌氧型芽孢杆菌,经培养特征、形态观察、生理生化试验和16S rDNA序列分析,鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌,将其命名为Bacillus subtilis XZ35.     

圆孢芽孢杆菌A95的分离与鉴定

从茶树根际土壤中分离获得一株对多种家蚕病原真菌具有强烈拮抗作用的细菌。经培养特征观察以及生理生化指标测定、16S rDNA碱基序列测定和同源性分析,鉴定该菌株为圆孢芽孢杆菌,定名为Bacillus globisporusA95。该菌株的16S rDNA序列已在GenBank注册(登记号:AY387584)。     

产纤维素酶细菌的分离筛选与鉴定

通过筛选获得高产纤维素酶细菌菌株,为纤维素酶制剂研制及纤维素酶工程菌构建提供试验材料。采用刚果红平板从牛羊粪便及腐败的玉米秸秆和木屑中分离产纤维素酶菌株,以DNS法测定酶活,根据酶活复筛产纤维素酶分离菌株;观察分离菌株的形态、染色与培养特性;应用16S rDNA通用引物扩增菌株基因组DNA,测序结果提交GenBank数据库进行Blast比对分析和相似性搜索,作出复筛菌株种的鉴定。结果表明:分离获得16株纤维素酶产量较高的细菌菌株,均为革兰氏阳性菌,菌体呈短杆状、具中央芽孢,经16S rDNA序列比对分析和相似性搜索,鉴定为10株枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、6株解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)。     

牦牛源蜡样芽胞杆菌的分离鉴定及耐药性分析

为了研究牦牛源蜡样芽胞杆菌致病性和耐药性,本实验对其进行了细菌形态学观察、16S rDNA PCR和序列比对、动物回归试验及药敏分析。结果显示：56份牦牛奶样,分离出135株细菌,对分离菌进行16S rDNA PCR并测序,其中有42株为蜡样芽孢杆菌,蜡样芽胞杆菌检出率为75%(42/56),占总检出细菌的31.11%(42/135);其中分离菌株B2019 16S rDNA PCR测序结果与Gen Bank中蜡样芽胞杆菌的同源性为88.6%～99.3%,运用Mega7.0将分离菌株B2019与6株参考菌株的16S rDNA序列进行同源性比对分析,并构建系统进化树;在动物回归试验中小鼠腹泻,剖检小鼠发现肝脏肿大,肺脏边缘有出血;药敏试验结果显示,分离菌株对麦迪霉素、克林霉素、红霉素、庆大霉素、卡那霉素、丁胺卡那霉素、新霉素、万古霉素、氧氟沙星、环丙沙星、呋喃唑酮和米诺环素等13种抗生素表现出高度敏感,对多粘菌素B表现为中介,对其他16种抗生素均表现为耐药。试验结果表明该分离菌株是一株具有较强致病性的蜡样芽胞杆菌。     

高海拔地区圈养成年大熊猫冬季粪便可培养细菌鉴定——以云南野生动物园为例

为了研究云南野生动物园圈养大熊猫冬季肠道微生物菌群结构,试验利用传统方法和现代分子生物学手段(16S rDNA分析)对其冬季粪便进行可培养细菌的分离、纯化和鉴定。结果表明:对冬季粪样通过传统方法分离鉴定的细菌种属有埃希氏菌属(Escherichia Castellani and Chalmers)、志贺氏菌属(Shigella Castellani);通过16S rDNA分析,鉴定的菌群归属于鲍氏志贺菌(Shigella boydii)、大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)、弗氏志贺菌(Shigella flexner)、特基拉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus tequilensis)、甲基营养型芽孢杆菌(Bacillus methylotrophicus)。在高海拔地区的环境条件下,大熊猫的肠道优势菌群为埃希氏大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)、弗氏志贺菌(Shigella flexner)、鲍氏志贺菌(Shigella boydii)。     

Disease and destiny-mystery and mastery

When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures.     

Foot and mouth disease and bluetongue: differences and similarities

On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures.     

奶牛肢蹄病及其防治

简介常见奶牛肢蹄病种类及其症状,从日粮营养、运动场地面结构、环境卫生、饲养管理、遗传育种、疾病管理等方面简析奶牛肢蹄病的病因,并提出相应的预防措施。     

德国荷兰畜禽产品质量安全交流与启示

2018年岁末,笔者有幸赴德国和荷兰,就畜产品质量安全控制及检测技术等进行了短期交流,收获颇丰,现具体介绍如下。一、交流情况德国面积35.73万平方千米,人口约8175.2万,是欧盟人口最多的国家,农业发达,机械化程度很高。德国的畜牧业以猪、牛、羊和禽类为主,畜牧业产值占农业生产总值的61%。德国虽然农业比重很小,但却是有机农业运动最早的发起国,也是目前世界上有机农产品生产与消费大国。     

畜禽物种多样性及其保护和利用

文章就我国畜禽物种多样性资源的现状、保护和利用等方面进行阐述,为生态脆弱的喀斯特地区畜牧业可持续发展提供参考。     

马的咽气癖及其防制措施研究进展

在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。     

国内外蛋氨酸与赖氨酸市场分析与展望

近几年,世界饲用添加剂市场增长较快,预计今后将进一步增长,据世界粮农组织(FAO)首领会议的倡议,到2015年,将使世界营养不良的人口削减一半,其间,肉制品将会以每年2％的速度增长,特别是加快猪肉和禽肉增长。这将促进世界添加剂,尤其是蛋氨酸和赖氨酸需求量的增加。     

牛羊焦虫病诊断与防治技术

近几年来,辽宁省牛羊饲养业迅速发展,焦虫病的危害越来越明显,已成为危害牛羊的主要疾病之一。为了提高牛羊焦虫病的防治水平,保证我省牛羊饲养业的健康发展,笔者在参阅文献和同行们诊疗经验的基础上,结合自己的治疗实践,详细阐述了我省牛羊焦虫病近几年的流行特点和诊断防治方法。