3个秋果型树莓品种在辽宁沈阳的栽培试验

2009—2010年在辽宁沈阳进行3个秋果型树莓品种秋福(Autumn Bliss)、哈瑞太慈(Heritage)、顶峰(Summit)引种观察试验。试验结果表明,秋果型树莓品种在辽宁沈阳可实行免防寒栽培;秋福品种可在沈阳及相似气候地区推广应用;顶峰品种大面积生产栽培成本相对较高,适于在辽宁沈阳庭院栽培。     

树莓优系06-L-1生长结果习性的观察

以秋福杂交后代实生苗选出的优系06-L-1为试材,并以秋福和哈瑞太慈为对照,观察其1、2年生茎的物候期、植物学性状、产量等。观察结果表明:1、2年生茎中,06-L-1的物候期最早,秋福次之,哈瑞太慈最晚;06-L-1的初熟期最早,哈瑞太慈的初熟期最晚。1年生茎中,06-L-1采收期最长,哈瑞太慈最短。2年生茎中,哈瑞太慈采收期最长,06-L-1最短。3个品种(系)中,06-L-1的长势最弱,哈瑞太慈长势居中,秋福长势最为强壮。06-L-1果实红色,味甜,具芳香,钝圆锥形,果实硬度好,最大单果质量为6.4 g(大于秋福和哈瑞太慈),夏季产量为10 773 kg·hm-2,秋季产量为14 120 kg·hm-2。     

四个树莓栽培品种对混合盐胁迫的生理响应及其耐盐性评价

以‘美22’‘哈瑞太兹’‘秋福’和‘秋萍’4个树莓栽培品种组培苗为试材,采用盆栽方法,研究不同浓度混合盐胁迫对其部分生理指标的影响,并采用隶属函数法对4个树莓栽培品种的耐盐性进行综合评价。结果表明:随着混合盐浓度的升高,4个树莓品种叶片相对电导率均呈逐渐增加趋势;‘哈瑞太兹’叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量呈下降-升高的趋势,而其它3个品种叶片MDA含量均显著高于各自对照。4个树莓品种叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性呈交替变化,并通过二者的互补作用来降低氧化伤害。各品种树莓叶片可溶性糖含量总体呈增加趋势;‘哈瑞太兹’‘秋萍’叶片可溶性蛋白质含量呈升高-下降的趋势,而‘美22’‘秋福’叶片可溶性蛋白质含量均低于各自对照;‘秋福’‘秋萍’叶片游离脯氨酸含量呈显著增加趋势,而‘美22’‘哈瑞太兹’叶片游离脯氨酸含量均较各自对照呈不同幅度下降。4个树莓栽培品种叶片叶绿素含量均呈升高-下降的趋势。隶属函数法分析得出,4个树莓栽培品种的耐盐性由强到弱依次为‘秋萍’‘秋福’‘哈瑞太兹’‘美22’。     

树莓种间杂交亲和性研究

用荧光显微镜观察树莓种间品种授粉后不同时间花粉在母本花柱萌发及花粉管生长情况,研究树莓种间杂交亲和性。结果表明:花粉管萌发情况与杂交结实率一致,杂交组合胜利×牛叠肚、秋福×茅莓和对照(秋福自交)亲和性好,花粉管大都在授粉后16~24 h到达花柱基部并进入子房与胚珠结合,结实率分别为63.7%、97.9%、92.0%;茅莓×秋福杂交亲和性差,花粉管在授粉后16~48 h停止生长,花粉管最终到达花柱总长的2/5处,并伴有回长和胼胝质现象,结实率为21.8%。     

两种野生郁金香在沈阳地区的引种驯化

以阿尔泰郁金香和天山郁金香鳞茎为试材,采用异地人工驯化栽培的方法,研究了不同栽培条件和基质对2种野生郁金香主要观赏性状的影响,以期为我国野生郁金香的开发和利用提供理论指导。结果表明:2种野生郁金香可以在沈阳地区成功驯化,除株高明显降低外,其它观赏性状基本保持了原有的生物学特性。在沈阳地区露地栽培时萌芽期、展叶期、现蕾期、变色期较原生地晚14d左右,结实期和果熟期均与原生地接近;在沈阳地区温室栽培过程中,2种郁金香的萌芽期、展叶期早于露地28d左右,始花期、盛花期和结实期较露地提前14d,果熟期较露地提前10d;使用腐殖土为栽培基质时,2种郁金香的植株高度最高,分别为15.03cm和19.47cm。     

不同防虫网覆盖对网室小气候及青菜生产的影响

以日本早生华京青菜为试材,采用立柱框架式网室栽培,研究了18目、22目银灰色防虫网覆盖对网室内温度、湿度、光照等小气候及青菜生长发育的影响.结果表明,在立柱框架上覆盖防虫网对网室内气温、湿度、光照等小气候均有不同程度的影响,其中网室内气温、湿度与露地相比增加,晴天和阴天的湿度增幅较明显,而温度增幅不明显;网室内光照则明...     

东方百合露地越冬覆盖材料筛选试验

以东方百合品种"索邦"(‘Sorbonne’)、"西伯利亚"(‘Siberia’)和"提伯"(‘Tiber’)为试材,采用测定6种覆盖材料下表土日均温、定时日积温和总积温的方法,对露地越冬球产花性状指标与窖藏球进行对比,研究了不同覆盖材料对东方百合露地越冬的影响。结果表明:草帘+塑料薄膜是实现东方百合种球露地安全越冬的覆盖材料,为东北地区东方百合种球露地越冬栽培提供依据。     

两个园林树种防寒技术的研究

以日本厚朴和山樱引种实生苗为试材,综合引种过程中日本厚朴和山樱的越冬表现,分析不同越冬防护措施与植株冻伤率、生长状况之间的关系,探讨沈阳地区引种日本厚朴和山樱栽培的最佳方式和越冬防寒措施,制定适宜的栽培管理措施,解决日本厚朴在北方地区自然条件下安全越冬问题.     

树莓新品种在唐山丰南的引种表现

<正>2013年,唐山市丰南区南孙庄乡人民政府农业办公室从辽宁沈阳引入了4个树莓新品种(秋福、秋萍、米克、海尔太兹),在丰南区高效农业园区进行了引种栽培试验。1引种地基本情况地势平坦,土层较厚,光热充足,年平均气温为10.9℃。土壤含有机质18.5 g·kg-1、全氮1.57 g·kg-1、有效磷为10.6 mg·kg-1、速效钾280 mg·kg-1、有效铜1.6 mg·kg-1、有效铁28 mg·kg-1、有效锰16.5 mg·kg-1、有效锌1.3 mg·kg-1,pH值7.5。     

树莓果实发育过程中细胞壁成分及相关酶活性变化

以秋果型树莓"哈瑞太兹"和夏果型树莓"菲尔杜德"2种不同类型的树莓为试材,研究了绿果膨大期(花后7d)、转白期(花后14d)、着色期(花后21d)、可采成熟期(花后24d)和过熟期(花后27d)树莓果实原果胶、果胶、纤维素含量及相关酶活性的变化情况。结果表明:随树莓果实的成熟软化,原果胶含量在着色期前表现为上升,之后下降;可溶性果胶呈现逐渐上升趋势,而纤维素含量则表现为降低趋势;多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)、果胶甲酯酶(PME)和β?半乳糖苷酶(β?Gal)和纤维素酶在可采成熟期前均表现为上升趋势,尤其PG从着色期到可采成熟期上升迅速,而从可采成熟期到过熟期,只有PG酶表现为下降,其它3种酶仍表现为上升趋势。     

树莓不同结果型品种生长发育和开花结实特性的研究

调查了树莓夏季结果型品种早红、澳洲红、托拉米、费尔杜德和夏秋两季结果型品种秋福、顶峰在沈阳地区的生长发育规律和开花结实特性。结果表明,夏季结果型品种当年萌发枝条有2次生长高峰,分别在6月中旬—7月中旬及8月初—9月初,10月初停止生长,11月初进入休眠期,翌年枝条长度和粗度都不增加,6月初—7月末开花结果,采收期25～30d;夏秋两季结果型品种秋福和顶峰分别在夏季和秋季2次开花结果,1a生枝的集中生长期在6月中旬—7月末,8月初枝条长度停止增加,果实采收期从8月中旬—10月上中旬,约50d,翌年枝条的生长和开花结实特性与夏季结果型相同。树莓果实生长发育从开花到成熟夏季需25～33d,秋季需36～38d。果实成熟前1周直径增加最快。     

树莓部分野生种及栽培品种花粉亚显微形态的比较

用扫描电镜对树莓属有育种潜力的分属于空心莓组和木莓组8个野生种及从国外引进的分属于黑莓种群和树莓种群的17个栽培品种共25份材料的花粉形态进行了系统观察和比较分析。 结果表明：所观察树莓花粉均为长球形或超长球形（P/E为1.67~2.26）,大小多为25.52 μm × 15.37 μm ~50.06 μm × 25.65 μm。花粉外壁纹饰在组内和栽培种群内有一定的相似性,但同时变异丰富,在不同种之间、甚至在不同品种之间区别明显。空心莓组的5个种和树莓种群的品种的外壁纹饰以条纹—穿孔状为主,黑莓种群的品种主为条纹状和条纹—穿孔状,与木莓组的3个种的差异较大。聚类分析结果表明,花粉大小和外壁纹饰特征可基本反映树莓属下组及栽培种群的划分,树莓种群品种与空心莓组的插田泡和茅莓的亲缘关系较近;而黑莓种群与木莓组的3个有果用育种潜力的任一种的亲缘关系较远。     

树莓日光温室栽培技术

利用日光温室进行树莓反季节栽培,对其栽培生物学特性进行研究,筛选出2个适宜日光温室栽培的优良品种,分别为‘托拉米’(‘Tulameen’)和‘威娜米特’(‘Willamatt’)。同时对温室栽培树莓的温湿度调控,肥水管理,修剪技术,病虫害防治等做了系统的研究,总结出了一套适合沈阳地区日光温室栽培的新技术。     

Combining Plant Growth with Nutrient Content Measurements as a Method to Compare Nutrient Use by Different Raspberry Cultivars

ABSTRACT

Monthly above-ground destructive sampling and partitioning of the plant into distinct component parts for growth and nutrient element (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, B, Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn) analyses were used to compare elemental compositions in two red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) cultivars (‘Willamette’ and ‘Haida’) grown in a uniformly managed field plot. Quantitative measurements showed that the two cultivars had different growth patterns. ‘Haida’ yielded greater fresh berry weight and dry matter content than ‘Willamette’ on a per floricane basis, but, because of fewer ‘Haida’ than ‘Willamette’ floricanes in the plot after standard commercial pruning practices, fresh berry yield was similar for both cultivars on a unit area basis. ‘Haida’ berries ripened slightly earlier than ‘Willamette’. Stem, lateral and leaf growth differed between the two cultivars. Although only whole above-ground accumulation (kg ha-1) of one (Ca) of the ten elements measured was different in the two cultivars, the amounts and patterns of all nutrients in the various plant components of floricanes and primocanes differed in significant ways. In some cases, element concentrations in a specific plant component differed between cultivars while dry matter accumulation differed in the opposite way resulting in the same total accumulation in the cane involved. In other cases, there was greater accumulation in one cane type (primocane vs. floricane) than the other such that there was similar accumulation of that element in the whole plant. For Ca, accumulation in primocanes was greater for ‘Willamette’ than ‘Haida’ whereas there was no difference of accumulation in floricanes which resulted in greater accumulation of Ca in the whole above-ground plant in ‘Willamette’. Maximum accumulation of the elements in floricanes occurred generally earlier in the growing season (July to September) than in primocanes (September to October), and these maxima were frequently at different times for the two cultivars, making comparisons of nutrient compositions in the two cultivars complex. Detailed sampling periodically over the growing season in combination with element analysis of these raspberry plant components as done in this study provided a better basis for comparing nutrients in raspberry cultivars than examining element concentrations of a specific plant component (e.g., leaves) sampled once during the growing season because patterns of nutrients over time in the cultivars differed.     

Effect of short-term exposure to high-temperature on total gene expression in the leaves of four raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) cultivars

Summary

The effect of high temperature stress (27ºC or 37ºC for 24 h) on total gene expression profiles in the annual-fruiting raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) cultivars ‘Autumn Bliss’, ‘Autumn Treasure’, ‘Erika’, and ‘Polka’ were evaluated at the floral initiation stage using a customised Rubus microarray. Significantly affected genes were obtained by pairwise t-tests using ‘volcano plots’ for each cultivar × treatment. A 10ºC elevation in temperature altered levels of expression, in at least one cultivar, of 644 differentially expressed genes in total, with ‘Erika’ and ‘Autumn Treasure’ showing elevated expression of 38 genes compared to ‘Autumn Bliss’ and ‘Polka’. We identified 12 common candidate genes that were modulated differentially in ‘Autumn Bliss’ and ‘Erika’ at 37ºC compared to 27ºC. In addition, two aquaporin genes (PIP1 and TIP2) were down-regulated in ‘Autumn Bliss’, but up-regulated in ‘Autumn Treasure’, ‘Polka’, and ‘Erika’ at 37ºC. Other down-regulated genes from the list of 38 genes included those encoding major latex-like proteins, plasma membrane proteins, cysteine rich proteins, and other stress-related proteins. Validation by real-time quantitative RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) indicated subtle changes in differential gene expression, suggesting a mild response to heat stress. This study used molecular tools to increase our understanding of, and to identify candidate genes involved in, the heat stress response of four annual-fruiting raspberry cultivars.     

大果优质秋果型树莓新品种‘秋萍’

 ‘秋萍’树莓是从英国品种‘秋福’的自然实生后代群体中选出的早熟优质大果新品种,为一年生茎秋季结果型,沈阳及周边地区种植冬季不用埋土防寒,秋季结果,采收期为8月1日-10月10日。果实圆锥形,亮红色,最大单果质量7.2 g,平均单果质量3.6 g,果大,整齐,硬度好,易采收。果实鲜食味甜,具芳香,鲜食品质优,也非常适于速冻加工。株高1.5 m,长势健壮,抗逆性强。     

Veränderte Temperaturbedingungen als Folge des Klimawandels und ihre Bedeutung für den Erdbeer- und Himbeeranbau

The importance of the predicted temperature increase as a consequence of change in climate on strawberry and raspberry production is discussed with regard to flower initiation, dormancy and temperature optimum for photosynthesis on the basis of a literature review and temperature data from the location of Geisenheim, Germany. June-bearing strawberry and biennial fruiting raspberry cultivars and remontant cultivars for both species are considered. In the future, problems will be expected for flower initiation of June-bearing raspberry and for breaking of dormancy of strawberry and raspberry cultivars with high chilling requirement. The predicted temperature increase will lead to early flowering and cropping of the berries.     

Effects of NaCl stress on red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L. ‘Autumn Bliss’)

The increasing interest in the cultivation of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) in warmer climates and in the mild-Southern parts of Europe requires better understanding of the salinity effects especially in the primocane-fruiting type cultivars. The aim of this work was to study the response of the ‘Autumn Bliss’ primocane-fruiting cultivar in elevated NaCl concentrations.     

树莓夏秋两季结果型品种顶峰生物学特性的研究

试验调查了树莓夏秋两季结果型品种顶峰的生长发育和开花结实特性.结果表明:品种顶峰分别在同一年的夏季和秋季两次开花结果,每年的6月下旬到7月下旬2a生枝结果即夏季结果期,果实生长发育从开花到成熟需28d,采收期近1个月,结果后枝条自然枯萎死亡;顶峰的秋季结果期为8月中旬到9月末,结果部位为1a生枝的中上部,果实生长发育需36d,采收期长达46d,采收后11月初枝条进入休眠.顶峰1a生枝的长度在6月上旬和7月上旬增加迅速,7月中旬停止增加,粗度的快速增加集中在6月上旬和7月份,8月初粗度停止增加,2a生枝的长度和粗度都不增加.     

沈阳地区月季露地栽培技术

月季不能在沈阳地区正常露地越冬,需要采取一定的防寒措施才能保证其安全越冬.通过多年的探索与实践,对月季品种和园地的选择、整地、栽植、肥水管理、修剪、越冬防寒及主要病虫害防治技术等进行了探讨,总结出一套适合沈阳地区月季露地栽培技术,为推广月季栽培提供科学依据.