Application of mouse model for evaluation of recombinant LpxC and GmhA as novel antigenic vaccine candidates of Glaesserella parasuis serotype 13

Glaesserella parasuis (G. parasuis) has been one of the bacteria affecting the large-scale swine industry. Lack of an effective vaccine has limited control of the disease, which has an effect on prevalence. In order to improve the cross-protection of vaccines, development on subunit vaccines has become a hot spot. In this study, we firstly cloned the lpxC and gmhA genes from G. parasuis serotype 13 isolates, and expressed and purified their proteins. The results showed that LpxC and GmhA can stimulate mice to produce IgG antibodies. Through testing the cytokine levels of interleukin 4 (IL-4), IL-10 and interferon-γ (IFN-γ), it is found that recombinant GmhA, the mixed LpxC and GmhA can stimulate the body to produce Th1 and Th2 immune responses, while recombinant LpxC and inactivated bacteria can only produce Th2 immune responses. On the protection rate for mice, recombinant LpxC, GmhA and the mixture of LpxC and GmhA can provide 50%, 50% and 60% protection for lethal dose of G. parasuis infection, respectively. The partial protection achieved by the recombinant LpxC and GmhA supports their potential as novel vaccine candidate antigens against G. parasuis.     

副猪嗜血杆菌外膜蛋白的免疫原性

对来自江西、广东、上海三省市的82个副猪嗜血杆菌野外分离株进行SDS-PAGE分析,采用强毒力野外分离株的多克隆抗血清,通过Western blotting对副猪嗜血杆菌OMP和全细胞蛋白的免疫原性进行研究,寻找具有共同抗原决定簇的免疫原性蛋白.结果表明免疫血清对不同来源的分离株具有良好的交叉免疫反应,患病猪的分离株OMP和全细胞蛋白具有较强的免疫原性,健康猪的分离株OMP免疫原性较全细胞蛋白免疫原性弱.不同菌株的共同免疫原性蛋白为OMP中相对分子质量为37 000～40 000、28 000～30 000的蛋白.     

Isolation and Identification of Haemophilus parasuis SD02 strain

A bacterial strain was isolated from the sick pigs suspiciously infected by polyserositis and arthritis in a pig farm in Shandong Province,and identified through morphological observation,culture traits,biochemical characteristics and PCR amplification.Additionally,primers were de-signed according to the 16S rRNA sequence of Haemophilus parasuis,and the bacterial strain was amplified by PCR.The amplified fragments of approximately 1 400 bp was sequenced,and aligned with the sequence in Gen Bank.The results showed that it shared the homology of 97%-99%with the 16S rRNA sequence of foreign H.parasuis,and confirmed as H.parasuis(HPS).The strain was determined as serotype 4 through serotype identification.The strain was named SD02.     

副猪嗜血杆菌外膜蛋白表型分析

采用SDS-PAGE测定了82个副猪嗜血杆菌分离株细胞外膜蛋白（OMP）,比较不同临床背景分离株的OMP表型差异,分析了OMP与毒力菌株的相关性。结果表明,外膜蛋白分为3种类型：PAGEⅠ、PAGEⅡ和PAGEⅢ型。约34％患病猪分离株属于PAGEI型,只有约9％健康猪分离株属于PAGEI型,说明36000-40000蛋白与菌株的毒力相关。     

豚鼠副猪嗜血杆菌感染动物模型的建立

为建立副猪嗜血杆菌(Hps)的感染动物模型,本试验用Hps血清5型标准菌株(Nagasaki),以2.0×10~9CFU剂量腹腔感染豚鼠,观察豚鼠发病及死亡情况.取死亡豚鼠的主要器官组织,观察其病理和组织病理变化,与猪Classer's病痛变进行比较.并同时对死亡豚鼠进行细茵分离,分离菌经PCR鉴定.实验结果显示:在接种14 h后试验组豚鼠(5/8)出现死亡,死亡豚鼠剖检时出现了与猪Classer's病相似的病变;主要组织器官组织学变化以炎性细胞浸润、纤维蛋白和红细胞渗出等变化;并通过细茵分离培养,在豚鼠大脑、心血、肺、肝、脾和肾主要器官中分离到Hps血清5型茵.实验结果表明豚鼠可以作为Hps的感染动物模型.这一结果为研究其致病机制、诊断和免疫研究奠定基础.     

副猪嗜血杆菌CDT亚基原核表达及其抗原性鉴定

为原核表达副猪嗜血杆菌(H.parasuis)CDT毒素并检测其在体外培养时的分泌表达情况,本实验将切除信号肽的CDT毒素的3个亚基基因分别克隆于pET-28a载体中在大肠杆菌进行表达,并将重组蛋白经亲和层析纯化后,免疫兔制备抗血清,用于鉴定H.parasuis体外培养时CDT分泌表达情况。结果表明CDT毒素3个亚基均在Rosetta菌株中得到表达,其中cdtB约为28.2 ku,符合预期大小,而cdtA和cdtC亚基比预期的23.5 ku和17.4 ku略大。表达的3个重组蛋白可以被自然感染猪血清识别,表明其具有良好的反应原性,同时也表明H.parasuis在猪体内定殖或感染过程中分泌CDT。制备的抗血清可以与体外培养H.parasuis的分泌蛋白中的CDT亚基反应,表明重组蛋白具有良好的免疫原性,同时也表明H.parasuis体外培养时也分泌CDT。     

Virulence-associated trimeric autotransporters of Haemophilus parasuis are antigenic proteins expressed in vivo

Glässer’s disease is a re-emerging swine disease characterized by a severe septicaemia. Vaccination has been widely used to control the disease, although there is a lack of extended cross-protection. Trimeric autotransporters, a family of surface exposed proteins implicated in host-pathogen interactions, are good vaccine candidates. Members of this family have been described in Haemophilus parasuis and designated as virulence-associated trimeric autotransporters (VtaA). In this work, we produced 15 recombinant VtaA passenger domains and looked for the presence of antibodies directed against them in immune sera by immunoblotting. After infection with a subclinical dose of H. parasuis Nagasaki, an IgG mediated antibody response against 6 (VtaA1, 5, 6, 8, 9 and 10) of the 13 VtaA of the Nagasaki strain was detected, indicating that they are expressed in vivo. IgA production against VtaA was detected in only one animal. VtaA were more likely to be late antigens when compared to early (Omp P5 and Omp P6) and late (YaeT) defined antigens. Antibody cross-reaction with two orthologs of Nagasaki’s VtaA5 and 6, VtaA15 and 16 of strain HP1319, was also detected. No antibodies against VtaA were detected in the sera of animals immunized with a bacterin of the Nagasaki strain, suggesting poor expression in the in vitro conditions used. Taken together, these results indicate that VtaA are good candidate immunogens that could be used to improve H. parasuis vaccines. However, their capacity to confer protective immunity needs to be further studied.     

Naturally-farrowed, artificially-reared pigs as an alternative model for experimental infection by Haemophilus parasuis

The use of naturally-farrowed, artificially-reared piglets as an alternative model to study Haemophilus parasuis infections was evaluated. Two trials were performed in order to evaluate the proposed model. In trial 1, animals were vaccinated and challenged with H. parasuis. Results showed that the proposed model was effectively used to evaluate protective immunity against this organism. In trial 2, animals were challenged with different doses of H. parasuis. Results showed that the severity of clinical signs and lesions tended to increase with higher doses. The reproduction of clinical signs and lesions characteristic of H. parasuis systemic infection was successful in both trials, proving that this model is a viable alternative to specific-pathogen free and cesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived pigs.     

副猪嗜血杆菌野外分离株的ERIC-PCR 及其外膜蛋白图谱分析

为了解副猪嗜血杆菌(HPS)现地分离株的流行情况及其进化来源,本研究采用肠杆菌科基因间重复一致序列PCR(ERIC-PCR)分型和外膜蛋白(OMP)分型技术对采集自3个猪场的24株HPS分离株进行分型.结果表明,以ERIC-PCR法分析24个分离株共产生10种DNA指纹图谱,依次分别包含5株、3株、1株、7株、1株、2株、1株、1株、2株和1株分离株.其中一个猪场的分离株仅为图谱Ⅰ和Ⅱ,另外两个猪场分别为图谱Ⅲ、Ⅳ、V和Ⅵ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ、Ⅸ、X.试检测结果表明同一猪场存在的菌株有两种或两种以上基因型,并且不同猪场流行的基因型不同.采用OMP分型也表现出与ERIC-PCR分型一致的结果.因此,ERIC-PCR和OMP分型均可以用于HPS的流行病学调查.     

运用免疫蛋白质组学方法筛选副猪嗜血杆菌血清4型菌株的免疫反应性蛋白

选取2株副猪嗜血杆菌血清4型菌株(A、B菌株),采用蛋白提纯和双向电泳技术获得高分辨率的蛋白胶。通过比对蛋白胶和免疫印迹膜上的蛋白反应点,并切取相应蛋白点进行质谱鉴定。根据质谱鉴定结果,菌株A和B有13个相同的蛋白点,其中8个蛋白点是新发现的具有免疫原性的蛋白点,它们分别是二氢硫辛酰胺脱氢酶(DLDH)、dppA、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、蛋白酶(P)、转酮醇酶(TK)、延长因子(EF-Ts)、周质丝氨酸蛋白水解酶(SP)、2,3-二磷酸甘油酸变位酶(BPGM)。在2株副猪嗜血杆菌血清4型菌株中发现有13个相同的免疫反应性蛋白,DLDH、dppA、CAT、P、TK、EF-Ts、SP和BPGM是新发现的免疫原性蛋白,它们作为疫苗候选抗原有待进一步研究。     

广西副猪嗜血杆菌病流行病学调查

本研究于2009年5月至2010年11月调查了广西南宁、桂林、玉林、钦州4个市60个猪场发生副猪嗜血杆菌病的情况。采集病猪组织样品共86份进行副猪嗜血杆菌分离;对疑似菌株进行形态学观察、培养特性、生化特性和PCR鉴定;最终分离鉴定到26株副猪嗜血杆菌,分离率为30.2%;对分离菌株进行血清型鉴定、致病性和药敏试验。结果表明26株分离株中血清4型有5株,5型3株,9、11、13、14、15型各1株,有1株与2、9、10、11型血清均有凝集,其余12株未能鉴定出血清型。血清型5、13、14菌株和5个未能定型的菌株能引起小白鼠全部死亡,其他菌株对小白鼠致病性不强。药敏试验结果表明70%以上的菌株除对恩诺沙星和氟苯尼考高度敏感外,对其他药物敏感性不高。本调查结果将对广西副猪嗜血杆菌病的防治提供指导。     

副猪嗜血杆菌毒力因子的研究进展

副猪嗜血杆菌是猪上呼吸道的一种常在条件性致病菌,以纤维素性多发性浆膜炎、关节炎和脑膜炎为主要特征,该菌引起的革拉氏病流行和危害日渐严重,严重危害了仔猪和青年猪的健康。本文对副猪嗜血杆菌的主要毒力因子包括荚膜多糖、脂多糖、脂寡糖、外膜蛋白、转铁结合蛋白、神经氨酸酶、生物被摸、cAMP依赖性自然转化系统和毒力相关活性酶进行了综述,对新技术运用于其毒力因子的研究作了简要介绍,并对今后的相关研究提出展望。     

Tryptone-yeast extract broth as a culture medium for Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae and Haemophilus parasuis to be used as challenge inocula.

Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae and Haemophilus parasuis were grown in a liquid medium containing tryptone and yeast extract. Whereas culture turbidity during exponential growth of either organism was proportional to the number of viable cells, continued incubation of stationary phase cultures was accompanied by a dramatic decrease in viability with no corresponding decrease in culture turbidity. It is concluded that the medium described should prove useful for the growth of porcine haemophili for use in experimental infections provided the stage of growth is given due consideration.     

副猪嗜血杆菌高密度发酵工艺研究

旨在建立副猪嗜血杆菌高密度发酵工艺。通过对TSB、BH1、LB培养基进行比较,选择TSB培养基进行优化,利用优化后的培养基对副猪嗜血杆菌在10L发酵罐中进行高密度发酵培养。结果表明,血清4型JS株的活菌数达到2．5×10^10CFU／mL,血清5型ZJ株的活菌数达到2．5×10^10CFU／mL,且通过批次补料与流加相结合的工艺使关键成本血清的使用量降低了1／2。在1000L发酵规模上进行连续3批的发酵试验．经验证该工艺可用于副猪嗜血杆菌灭活疫苗抗原的规模化生产。对3批发酵抗原利用替代动物豚鼠进行动物实验,结果显示抗原均合格。研究结果为国内副猪嗜血杆菌流行菌株血清4型和5型二价灭活疫苗的规模化生产提供了理论依据。     

Development of a genetic manipulation system for Haemophilus parasuis

Haemophilus parasuis is a member of the family Pasteurellaceae and an important respiratory-tract pathogen of swine, which is the etiological agent of Glasser's disease. Because no genetic manipulation system is available for H. parasuis so far, in vivo studies about the role of its genes involved in virulence are unfeasible. Here we demonstrate that H. parasuis has a cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent natural transformation system that enables the uptake of DNA in which the ACCGAACTC sequence signal must be present. After improving DNA transformation parameters, such as cAMP and DNA concentration and exposition time of the exogenous DNA, a knockout mutant of H. parasuis defective in the thy gene, encoding the thymidylate synthase enzyme, has been constructed. Data presented in this work open the possibility for the functional analysis of genes involved in the infectious process of this animal pathogen.     

副猪嗜血杆菌血清5型岳阳株对昆明小鼠淋巴器官损伤的研究

为探讨副猪嗜血杆菌(HPS)对免疫器官的损伤,本实验将HPS血清5型岳阳株及其茵体裂解物分别接种昆明小鼠,结果显示:HPS血清5型岳阳株及其菌体裂解物,均能够引起昆明小鼠颈淋巴结细胞凋亡和坏死.组织病理学检测可见脾脏红髓扩张、白髓萎缩、淋巴细胞衰减;胸腺病变较轻,皮质部局灶性淋巴细胞坏死和散在性细胞凋亡.此外,免疫器官损伤与剂量相关,随菌量的增大病变更为明显.HPS血清5型岳阳株及其菌体裂解物对昆明小鼠淋巴器官有明显的损伤作用.     

副猪嗜血杆菌血清5型TbpA蛋白的表达及其免疫原性分析

为原核表达副猪嗜血杆菌血清5型TbpA蛋白,本研究利用特异性引物扩增tbpA基因,并将其克隆到pMD 18-T载体中进行序列测定.再将其亚克隆于pET-28a中构建重组表达质粒pET-tbpA.将其转化受体菌E.coli BL21 (DE3),经IPTG诱导后,SDS-PAGE电泳和western blot分析表明,表达的重组蛋白约106 ku,并以包涵体形式存在.表达的重组蛋白经纯化后,免疫6周龄昆明小鼠制备免疫血清,ELISA分析表明制备的血清抗体效价在1∶3 200以上,表明TbpA具有良好的免疫原性.     

Development of a universal plate-agglutination test for detecting Haemophilus parasuis

Due to the serovar diversity in Haemophilus (H.) parasuis, it is difficult to develop a universal serological method for detection of this pathogen. Here, we report a universal plate-agglutination test for detecting H. parasuis. Diagnostic antisera were prepared by mixing antisera of serovars 4, 5, 12, 13 and 14 in the optimized ratio. The results of the plate-agglutination test showed that the diagnostic antisera could agglutinate with all 15 reference strains of H. parasuis and 74/75 clinical isolates. Further, the specificity of the method was validated with 22 bacterial strains from 12 related species.