Initial function determination for the open reading frame (ORF) region of Pib gene via rice transformation

Three plant binary expression vectors—pNAR501, pNAR502 and pNAR503—were constructed, carrying fragments of exon2-exon3, 5′partial deletion exon1 and 5′partial deletion exon1-exon2-exon3 of Pib gene driven by 35S. These three vectors were transformed into the japonica rice variety Nipponbare through agrobacterium-mediated transformation. More than 30 transgenic rice plants were obtained and confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Southern hybridization and the hygromycin resistance test in seed germination of their progeny. A rice blast resistance test for in vitro leaves of T_o transgenic plants in the tillering stage showed higher resistance to the races of E1, F1 and G1 of rice blast than that of the control Nipponbare. However, results of rice blast resistance test for seedlings of T₁ transgenic plants in the 3-to 4-leaf stage were different. All T₁ transgenic seedlings had a lower level of resistance to E1, F1 and G1 races than that of the control Nipponbare. Translated from Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University, 2006, 29(3): 1–5 [译自: 南京农业大学学报]     

Improving organic phosphate utilization in transgenic white clover by overexpression of Aspergillus niger PhyA gene

Using the cotyledon of white clover as explants, the transgenic white clover lines ectopic expression of the PhyA gene were established based on Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation method. It was found that the tested transgenic lines were all Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) positive. The transgenic lines 1 to 4 were used for further Southern blot and Northern blot analysis. The lines 1 and 3 with higher level of PhyA expression were used to assay the phytase activities in root and its intercellular space. When the phytate was the sole phosphorus source, the phytase activities in root in lines 1 and 3 were 31.43% and 44.76% higher than those in control (CK), respectively. Meanwhile, the phytase activities in the root intercellular space in lines 1 and 3 were 3.3-fold and 5.12-fold higher than those in CK, respectively. The phosphorus concentration of plants, the accumulative P amount per plant, plant fresh weight, and plant dry weight were all much higher in lines 1 and 3 than in CK. Thus, it is clearly shown that ectopic expression of Aspergillus niger PhyA gene could significantly increase the ability for white clover to utilize organic phosphate under inorganic phosphate (P_i)-deficient condition. Translated from Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2007, 33(2): 250–255 [译自: 作物学报]     

过表达酵母PAC1增强转基因大豆对大豆花叶病毒的抗性

【目的】大豆花叶病毒（soybean mosaic virus,SMV)病是中国大豆产区最主要的病害之一,严重影响大豆产量和籽粒品质。核糖核酸酶PAC1能够识别和降解植物RNA病毒或类病毒复制过程中产生的dsRNAs,从而有效抑制病毒在寄主中的复制与积累。PAC1的这一特点为广谱抗RNA病毒及类病毒转基因作物的创制和培育提供了有效的靶标基因。本研究利用转基因技术,将来源于粟酒裂殖酵母菌(Schizosaccharomyces pombe)的PAC1导入栽培大豆,研究过表达PAC1对大豆SMV抗性的影响,为抗SMV转基因大豆新品种选育提供依据。【方法】采用酶切连接技术,将PAC1连接到双元表达载体pCAMBIA3300中,构建植物表达载体pCAMBIA3300-PAC1。目的基因启动子为组成型强启动子CaMV 35S,终止子为NOS,筛选标记为草铵膦抗性基因BAR。采用农杆菌介导转化法,将PAC1导入栽培大豆品种Williams82。在利用PAT/BAR试纸、PCR及除草剂（500 mg·L^-1 Basta）喷施检测基础上,通过Southern杂交技术进一步分析外源基因在转基因大豆中的整合情况和拷贝数。采用人工摩擦接种法,对T₂和T₃代转基因大豆株系进行田间抗SMV鉴定农艺性状调查,分析转基因大豆对SMV抗性及遗传稳定性。并利用qRT-PCR技术分析接种SMV 28 d后转基因大豆中SMV积累水平。【结果】共转化2 600多个外植体,获得耐草铵膦（5 mg·L^-1）大豆再生植株76株。PCR检测结果表明,其中65株能够扩增出目的条带,大豆遗传转化效率为2.48%。对T₁-T₃代转基因大豆株系喷施除草剂表明,在500 mg·L^-1 Basta处理7 d后,转基因植株表型没有明显变化,而对照（非转基因大豆）植株叶片则黄化枯死。Southern杂交结果表明,外源基因以低拷贝的方式(1-2个)整合至大豆基因组中。摩擦接种SMV SC-3鉴定表明,在接种35 d后,对照出现严重花叶、皱缩等典型SMV发病症状,而转基因大豆仅部分叶片表现出轻微的花叶症状,其病情指数降低至11.11-22.22,较对照（病情指数36.81-46.24）显著降低,且SMV抗性在转基因大豆不同代际间能够稳定遗传。qRT-PCR分析表明,在接种SMV SC-3株系28 d后,转基因大豆中SMV CP表达水平较对照极显著下降。农艺性状调查表明,在未接种SMV条件下,转基因大豆在叶形、花色、种皮色、种脐色、株高、节数、结荚高度、生育期及百粒重等方面与对照没有显著差异。【结论】PAC1过表达显著抑制了SMV的积累及症状发展,增强了转基因大豆对SMV的抗性水平。     

Integration of C4-specific PPDK gene of maize to C3 rice and its characteristics in relation to photosynthesis

Pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK) is a key enzyme in photosynthesis in some plants that exploit the C₄ photosynthetic pathway for the fixation of CO₂. The C₄-specific PPDK encoding pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase was introduced into C₃ plant, a rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. indica IR64) mediated by biolistic and Agrobacterium transformation. The C₄-PPDK gene of maize was integrated to indica IR64 with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-Southern blotting. The total nitrogen of flag leaves of transgenic IR64 was analyzed with Kjeldahl method for quantitative determination of nitrogen, indicating that the total nitrogen of flag leaves of most transgenic IR64 was higher than that of non-transgenic control IR64 formants in the greenhouse. The maximum value of total nitrogen of flag leaves was 3.61% among transgenic IR64 plants, 1.07% higher than that of non-transgenic control IR64 formants. The total nitrogen of flag leaves of transgenic IR64 was increased by 42.1%. The factors for yield of transgenic IR64 plants were analyzed, indicating there was a greater difference in yield-forming factors among transgenic IR64 plants in the greenhouse, i.e. dried plant weight, harvested index and so on. Thus, it could help rice breeders select different materials for breeding. Translated from Molecular Plant Breeding, 2006, 4(6): 797–804 [译自: 分子植物育种]     

拟南芥CYCD3;1基因植物表达载体的构建 及在烟草中的遗传转化分析

为了分析植物D型细胞周期蛋白在细胞周期中的作用,采用PCR方法从拟南芥花序中克隆出At CYCD3;1基因的全长c DNA序列。该基因的开放读码框为1131 bp,预测编码376个氨基酸,蛋白质的分子量为42701.6 Da,蛋白质的等电点为4.89。构建植物表达载体p ROKII-At CYCD3;1,并利用农杆菌介导的叶盘法将外源基因导入野生型烟草中。通过PCR及q RT-PCR检测显示,At CYCD3;1成功插入烟草基因组并在转录水平表达。表型观察显示转基因株系与野生型株系相比主要表现为花冠宽度变大,花瓣和萼片长度变长,果实变大,茎干弯曲,叶片卷曲,根尖细胞变小。综上,拟南芥At CYCD3;1基因的过量表达影响了植物的生长发育。     

双价抗寒基因CBF3/COR15A转化大白菜的初步研究

为探索拟南芥的冷诱导转录因子CBF3和抗寒基因COR15A在"黔白"系列大白菜的转化体系,以"黔白"系列大白菜3个优良自交系作为研究对象,分别用大白菜4d苗龄的带柄子叶、半子叶、下胚轴作为外植体,利用农杆菌介导的方法将同时含有CBF3和COR15A双价抗寒基因的表达载体转入大白菜,就影响大白菜再生和遗传转化的因素进行研究。通过抗生素筛选得到大白菜T0代转基因抗性植株36株,经PCR检测后获得转基因阳性植株6株。经抗寒性初步鉴定,转基因大白菜植株抗寒性超过对照。     

Effect of the Antisense BcMF12 Driven by the BcA9 Promoter on Gene Silencing in Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis

The study analyzed the silencing of BcMF12 gene regulated by BcA9 promoter in the transgenic pakchoi and confirmed the effect of antisense BcMF12 gene on the pollen development. A conserved BcMF12 gene fragment was amplified from the cDNA of flower buds in pakchoi （Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis, syn. B. rapa L. ssp. chinensis） and was fused to the anther specific BcA9 promoter. The plant antisense expression vector was constructed and then introduced into pakchoi via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The transgenic plants were screened by antibiotics and molecular analysis. PCR and Southern blot revealed that the antisense BcMF12-GUS fusion gene regulated by BcA9 promoter was integrated into transgenic plants. Northern blot suggested that the expression of BcMF12 gene was down-regulated significantly. The pollen germination rate of transgenic plants with antisense BcMF12 gene decreased as compared with that of the control plants. The expression of the gene BcMF12 related to the pollen development was inhibited by the antisense BcMF12 driven by BcA9 promoter, which consequently affected the pollen development in pakchoi.     

植物凝集素MNB1基因启动子表达载体的构建及鉴定分析

近年来植物受逆境胁迫的影响日益严峻,而逆境胁迫是造成现代农作物减产的重要因素之一。MNB1基因是拟南芥中与甘露糖高度特异性结合的植物凝集素,具有多种生物学功能,对植物的生长发育及逆境胁迫的应答有着至关重要的调控作用。以拟南芥为试验材料,利用聚合酶链式反应（polymerase chain reaction, PCR）技术成功构建了ProMNB1:GUS植物表达载体,结合浸花法,成功将ProMNB1:GUS载体转化到拟南芥中,最终通过PCR鉴定分析获得ProMNB1:GUS阳性植株,为研究逆境胁迫下MNB1基因的功能及其转录水平的变化提供了重要的依据。     

Effects of exogenous spermidine on the photosynthesis of Cucumis sativus L. seedlings under rhizosphere hypoxia stress

With water culture, this paper studied the effects of exogenous spermidine (Spd) on the net photosynthetic rate (P _n), intercellular CO₂ concentrations (C _i), stomatal conductance (G _s), transpiration rate (T _r), apparent quantum yield (Φ _c), and carboxylation efficiency (CE) of cucumber seedlings under hypoxia stress. The results showed that P _n decreased gradually under the hypoxia stress, and reached the minimum 10 days later, which was 63.33% of the control. Compared with that of the hypoxia-stressed plants, the P _n 10 days after the application of exogenous Spd increased by 1.25 times. A negative correlation (R ²=0.473−0.7118) was found between _{P n} and C _i, and G _s and T _r changed in wider ranges, which decreased under the hypoxia-stress, but increased under the hypoxia-stress plus exogenous Spd application. There was a significant positive correlation between G _s and T _r (R ²=0.7821−0.9458), but these two parameters had no significant correlation with P _n. The hypoxia stress induced a decrease of Φ _c and CE by 63.01% and 72.33%, respectively, while the hypoxia stress plus exogenous Spd application made Φ _c and CE increase by 23% and 14%, respectively. The photo-inhibition of cucumber seedlings under hypoxia stress was mainly caused by non-stomatal inhibition, while the exogenous Spd alleviating the hypoxia stress by repairing photosynthesis systems. __________ Translated from Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2006, 17(9): 1609–1612 [译自: 应用生态学报]     

Directional transduction of male sterile gene rfv 1 of NIAN type in wheat

A new method for producing a NIAN type wheat maintenance line with the male sterile gene rfv ₁ was described. That is the variety Xinong Fp1, a 1BL/1RS translocation line, as the acceptor and Triticum macha var. subletschchumicum, a non-1BL/1RS translocation line, as the donor, a directional substitution backcross was made and confirmed by chromosome of root tip preparations and SDS-PAGE analysis. The male sterile gene rfv ₁ of Triticum macha var. subletschchumicum was transferred to the genome of Xinong Fp1. A new NIAN type wheat maintenance line with the male sterile gene rfv ₁ was bred. The method described was successful in breeding a new male sterile type for hybrid wheat production. __________ Translated from Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2008, 28(1): 21–24 [译自: 麦类作物学报]     

生长调节剂对降香黄檀营养生长与生殖生长的影响

【目的】研究生长调节剂对降香黄檀Dalbergia odorifera营养生长与生殖生长的影响,为不同经营目标的降香黄檀人工林生产提供技术支撑。【方法】以10年生降香黄檀为研究材料,采用随机区组试验设计,通过叶面喷施3种不同浓度的赤霉素(GA3)、多效唑(PP333)和6-苄氨基嘌呤(6-BA),测定盛花期内一年生新梢、花、叶的形态生长和干质量变化,再运用统计分析软件,对各种生长调节剂处理后营养生长和生殖生长的变化规律进行分析。【结果】不同种类和不同浓度的生长调节剂对降香黄檀营养生长和生殖生长的影响差异均达显著水平(P0.05)。叶面喷施200、100 mg·L~(-1)的GA3和500 mg·L~(-1)的6-BA均能显著促进降香黄檀的营养生长,抑制其生殖生长;其中,200 mg·L~(-1)的GA3对生殖生长的抑制效果最理想,施用后其营养枝率比对照显著提高140.84%,花序数显著降低79.41%;100 mg·L~(-1)的GA3对营养生长效果显著,施用后其营养枝枝长、直径、复叶数和单叶干质量分别比对照提高218.08%、120.70%、132.38%和217.33%,且均达显著水平。1 500、2 000 mg·L~(-1)的PP333和50 mg·L~(-1)的6-BA均能显著促进降香黄檀的生殖生长,以2 000 mg·L~(-1)的PP333作用效果较好,处理后其花枝率、花序数量和花序径依次比对照提高73.50%、50.37%和31.30%,且均达显著水平。【结论】降香黄檀人工林培育中,叶面喷施200或100 mg·L~(-1) GA3能显著抑制生殖生长、促进营养生长,有利于大径级木材培育,2 000 mg·L~(-1)的PP333则有利于生殖生长,有利于良种壮苗生产。     

月季RhPR10.2基因克隆及生物学功能分析

为解析月季PR-10家族基因RhPR10.2在月季花瓣衰老中的生物学功能,采用Real-Time PCR、RACE PCR、异源过表达、VIGS(病毒诱导的基因沉默)等生物技术方法,分析了月季RhPR10.2基因在月季不同开放阶段花瓣中的表达谱,克隆了RhPR10.2基因全长,构建了pSuper1300-RhPR10.2异源过表达载体以及pTRV2-RhPR10.2VIGS载体.结果表明,RhPR10.2基因的表达受月季花瓣衰老显著诱导,其开放阅读框为483bp,编码160个氨基酸,含有PR-10家族特有的P-loop基序;蛋白分子式为C796H1250N204O239S2,分子量为17 566.02,等电点(pI)为6.07;RhPR10.2蛋白与葡萄VvPR10.1亲缘关系最近;与拟南芥野生型植株(WT)相比,异源过表达RhR10.2基因的拟南芥T2代纯合子植株表现出显著延迟叶片衰老的表型,伴随着更高的叶绿素含量以及更低的离子渗透率;此外,与TRV2对照相比,沉默RhPR10.2基因的月季花瓣表现出加速衰老的表型,伴随着更高的离子渗透率以及衰老marker基因RhSAG12的表达.     

Comparative analysis of genomes in Oryza sativa, O. officinalis and O. meyeriana with C 0 t-1 DNA and genomic DNA of cultivated rice

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) were applied to somatic chromosome preparations of Oryza sativa, O. officinalis and O. meyeriana with labeled probes of C ₀ t-1 DNA and genomic DNA from cultivated rice. The coverage percentage (%) and size (Mb) of C ₀ t-1 DNA in O. sativa, O. officinalis and O. meyeriana were 47.1 ± 0.16, 38.61 ± 0.13, 44.38 ± 0.13 and 212.33 ± 1.21, 269.42 ± 0.89, 532.56 ± 1.68, respectively. The coverage percentage and size of probe signals with genomic DNA from O. sativa in O. officinalis and O. meyeriana were 91.0%, 93.6% and 634 Mb, 1 123 Mb respectively, in which there were 365 and 591 Mb in O. officinalis and O. meyeriana which came from O. sativa genomic DNA not from repetitive sequences of O. sativa, and the uncovered genome size in O. officinalis and O. meyeriana was 64 and 78 Mb, respectively. In addition, karyotype analysis was conducted based on the signal bands of C ₀ t-1 DNA in O. sativa, O. officinalis and O. meyeriana. The results showed that highly and moderately repetitive sequences in Oryza genus were conserved as the functional genes during the evolution process. The repetitive sequence reduplication might be one of the important causes of genome enlargement in O. officinalis and O. meyeriana; the O. officinalis genome enlarged more slowly compared with O. meyeriana. Based on the above results, it is concluded that O. officinalis and O. meyeriana formed by reduplication, rearrangement and gene selective loss during the evolution process. Translated from Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2006, 39(6): 1083–1090 [译自: 中国农业科学]     

Study on Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation of Pepper with Barnase and Cre Gene

This study was designed to control plant fertility by cell lethal gene Barnase expressing at specific developmental stage and in specific tissue of male organ under the control of Cre/lox system, for heterosis breeding of chili pepper （Capsicum annuum L.）. Chili pepper inbred lines （A, D, E, and I） were transformed with Cre gene and Barnase gene situated between loxp, separately, by means of Agrobacterium co-culture. In this study, we had established a high transformation system by extensive study of affecting factors including genotype, selection of marker, and lethal dose. Cotyledon with petiole from 9-11-day-old seeding was pre-cultured on media MR[MB（MS mineral＋vitamine B5）＋BA（6-Benzyladenine） 5.0 mg·L^-1 ＋IAA（indoleacetic acid） 1.0 mg·L^-1＋GA3（gibberellic acid） 1.0mg·L^-1＋sucrose 3%＋agar 6.5g·L^-1] for 2d. The explants were infected by Agrobacterium tumefaciens when their OD600（optical density at 600 nm）reached 0.6-0.9. After co-cultured for 4-5 d on media MC [MB＋BA5.0 mg·L^-1＋IAA 1.0 mg·L^-1 ＋GA3 1.0 mg·L^-1＋sucrose 3% ＋agar 6.5 g·L^-1＋AS （acetosyringone） 200μmol·L^-1, these cotyledons with petiole were cultured on selective differentiation medium in the media MT[MB medium supplemented with BA [5.0 mg·L^-1＋ IAA 1.0 mg·L^-1＋ GA3 1.0 mg·L^-1＋ AgNO3 5.0 mg·L^-1＋ CW （coconut water） 5% ＋ Km （kanamycin） 65 mg·L^-1＋ Cb （carbenicillin） 500 mg·L^-1＋ 3% sucrose ＋ agar 6.5 g·L^-1].The Kmr （kanamycin resistant） bud rosettes were elongated on selective elongation medium and rooted on rooting medium. PCR and Southern blotting analysis of Kmr plantlet indicated that the foreign genes had been integrated into the genome of pepper. The transgenic plants with Cre gene developed well, blossomed out, and set fruit normally. The transgenic plants with Barnase gene grew well with normal appearance of flower, but they showed different fertility from complete sterility, partial sterility to complete fertility, and similar results were obtained from in vitro pollen germination experiments.     

利用RNAi抑制B-hordein合成降低大麦籽粒蛋白质含量

【目的】通过RNAi策略抑制大麦籽粒B-hordein的表达,获得高氮肥水平下籽粒蛋白质含量降低的转基因大麦新种质,探索大麦品质改良新途径。【方法】采用同源PCR技术克隆大麦B-hordein核心保守序列,通过Gateway技术构建大麦B-hordein的RNAi植物表达载体pBract207-zz-gp4,利用农杆菌介导法转化大麦Golden Promise幼胚,获得转基因植株。通过PCR检测、Southern杂交验证RNAi构件在转基因大麦及其后代基因组的整合情况。采用半定量RT-PCR分析转基因大麦花后不同发育时期B-hordein转录表达情况。基于近红外谷物分析仪测定蛋白质含量,并进行醇溶蛋白SDS-PAGE检测,以筛选蛋白质含量降低的转基因大麦株系。开展氮肥运筹相关试验,检验RNAi效率及高氮肥水平下转基因大麦蛋白质含量变化情况。【结果】获得大麦B-hordein片段2条（Gp4和Gp5）,测序结果表明该片段大小为349 bp,聚类分析表明该序列跟已知大麦醇溶蛋白基因同源性最高达92%,与该基因已登录的mRNA序列同源性高于98%,确认所得片段为大麦B醇溶蛋白基因片段。利用Gateway技术将Gp4片段正反向插入载体pBract207,反向重复序列用i18 和 iv2 intron连接,构建了Ubi启动子驱动的大麦B-hordein RNAi植物表达载体 pBract207-zz-gp4。通过农杆菌介导转化大麦Golden Promise幼胚,结合目标基因及筛选标记基因的PCR验证,获得含有RNAi构件及筛选标记基因的转基因大麦株系11个。Southern杂交检测表明RNAi构件已经稳定整合到T₂/T₃转基因大麦基因组。随机选取6个T₃转基因大麦株系,半定量RT-PCR结果表明花后不同发育时期转基因大麦籽粒B-hordein表达水平明显低于非转基因对照,20 d时转基因株系表达量不仅相比同期对照降低28.19%-55.19%,而且在各时期中也最低。利用随机选取的T₁和T₃籽粒进行蛋白质含量测定表明,8个转基因大麦株系的蛋白质含量相比非转基因对照显著降低,SDS-PAGE电泳结果显示与非转基因相比,转基因各株系B-醇溶蛋白比率有不同程度降低,其中3个株系B-醇溶蛋白比率降低明显,平均减幅为49.42%。采用蛋白质含量降低的转基因大麦株系RNAi-20开展氮肥运筹试验,结果表明,高氮肥水平HN₂及HN₃处理,该株系蛋白质含量显著低于非转基因对照;施以等量高氮肥时,伴随氮肥后移（HN₂到HN₃）,该株系总蛋白含量相对非转基因对照逐渐降低。SDS-PAGE电泳结果显示B醇溶蛋白含量降低,电泳带型发生变化。【结论】RNAi技术能抑制籽粒B-hordein表达,降低B-醇溶蛋白含量,高氮肥水平下能显著降低大麦蛋白质含量。     

转抗坏血酸过氧化物酶基因（APX）菊苣抗旱相关生理特性

在获得转抗坏血酸过氧化物酶基因(APX)菊苣株系的基础上,对3个转基因株系的抗旱相关生理特性进行分析。结果表明：正常供水条件下,转基因株系与非转基因植株各项生理指标差异不显著;干旱条件下, 3个转基因株系菊苣叶片APX质量摩尔浓度均显著高于非转基因对照。3个转基因株系中有2个株系丙二醛（MDA）质量摩尔浓度低于非转基因对照,表明APX基因可显著提高菊苣APX活性,降低氧自由基浓度,减轻对细胞的伤害。3个转基因株系叶片相对含水量、脯氨酸质量分数、叶绿素质量分数、单株幼苗的根系生长量,均高于非转基因对照。可见,转APX基因菊苣具有较强的抗旱能力,从而验证APX基因的抗旱功能,为转基因材料应用于菊苣的抗旱育种提供依据。     

Construction and expression of the eukaryotic expressed plasmid of MIC3 gene from Toxoplasma gondii in IBRS-2 cells

The sequence encoding MIC3 was obtained by amplification from genomic DNA of Toxoplasma gondii RH strain and cloned into the vector pMD18-T. The target gene was subcloned into the eukaryotic vector pcDNA3.1 after the identification of pMD18-T-MIC3 by enzyme digesting, PCR amplification and sequencing. Then the target recombinant plasmids pcMIC3 were transfected into IBRS-2 cells, and the positive cells containing pcMIC3 plasmids were obtained under the selection of G418. The expressed proteins from the positive cells were detected by SDS-PAGE, Western blot and ELISA. The results showed that the DNA sequence identity was 99.9% between amplified MIC3 and that from GenBank. The molecular weight of the recombinant MIC3 protein with good immuno-activity was about 39.2 ku. These available data would lay the foundation for further studies on DNA vaccine against Toxoplasma gondii. __________ Translated from Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2007, 38(8): 827–831 [译自: 畜牧兽医学报]     

Suitable condition of enzymatic reactivity for determining the digestibility of feedstuffs phosphorus in vitro by dialysis tube method

In order to develop a new method for determining the phosphorus (P) digestibility in vitro in feedstuffs by dialysis tube, a L₃₂(4⁹) orthogonal experiment with eight factors (4 levels for each factor) and a single factor experiment on the enzymatic reactivity were carried out. The sequence of significance of the eight factors on sample-P dialyzability was as follows: trypsin digestion for 6 h, dialyzing solution at 100 mL, pH of pepsin solution at 2.5, pepsin concentration at 2000 U·mL⁻¹ pepsin digestion for 100 min, at temperature of 35°C, trypsin concentration at 1625 U·mL⁻¹, and pH of trypsin solution at 6.5, respectively. And in vitro dialyzabilities of P in soybean meal, barley, sorghum, peanut meal, and rapeseed meal were (36.91 ± 0.58)%, (27.28 ± 0.94)%, (26.95 ± 0.58)%, (30.51 ± 0.83)%, and (20.82 ± 1.09)%, respectively. __________ Translated from Journal of South China Agricultural University, 2007, 28(3): 85–89 [译自: 华南农业大学学报]     

转TaNHX2大豆的耐盐性分析

【目的】在盐胁迫条件下,通过对转TaNHX2(小麦Na⁺/H⁺转运蛋白编码基因)大豆的盐害表型、光合作用强度以及产量相关农艺性状的考察,评估其生产应用潜力,以期获得具有一定应用价值的耐盐大豆新种质。【方法】以实验室前期获得并初步鉴定具有一定耐盐性的转TaNHX2大豆T₄代株系为材料,在主茎第二片复叶完全展开时（V₃期）进行草丁膦抗性、PCR和RT-PCR检测。选取阳性植株,在主茎第三片复叶完全展开时（V₄期）进行NaCl胁迫处理,处理期间观察记录盐害表型;待植株长至初荚期（R₃期）测定其光合作用参数;最后,分单株收获已生长至完熟期（R₈期）的大豆植株,考察其株高、节数、单株荚数、单株粒数和单株粒重。其中,昌平春播试验点设置0、150和200 mmol·L^-1 3个NaCl浓度,北圃场夏播试验点设置0和200 mmol·L^-1 2个NaCl浓度,盐害表型观察以及光合作用参数测定只在北圃场试验点进行。【结果】分子鉴定表明外源TaNHX2在转基因后代中成功转录表达,遗传稳定。在无盐胁迫条件下,转基因与受体植株长势相当,叶片大小相似,光合作用强度相近。而在200 mmol·L^-1 NaCl溶液胁迫处理下,转基因与受体植株均出现矮化、叶片变小、光合作用强度降低的现象,但与受体植株相比,转基因大豆株系C12、C21和C19的矮化程度较低,叶片较大,光合作用相关参数数值较大,其中株系C12和C21与受体的净光合速率（Pn）差异具有显著性。另外,无盐胁迫条件下,转基因株系与受体品种自贡冬豆各产量相关农艺性状数值相近,而在昌平试验点设置的150和200 mmol·L^-1 NaCl溶液胁迫下,转基因株系各农艺性状数值均高于受体对照,其中150 mmol·L^-1 NaCl胁迫下,C12、C21和C19的单株粒重,C19的单株荚数与受体差异显著。200 mmol·L^-1 NaCl胁迫处理时,株系C12、C21和C19的单株荚数、单株粒数和单株粒重,C12和C19的株高均与受体对照品种存在显著性差异。在北圃场试验点设置的200 mmol·L^-1 NaCl胁迫处理下,转基因株系C12、C21和C19的株高、C19的单株粒数和单株粒重与受体对照品种具有显著性差异。【结论】在盐胁迫条件下,与受体对照品种相比,转TaNHX2大豆株系C12、C21和C19盐害程度较低,能维持较强的光合作用和一定的产量,其中株系C19在2个试验点的产量表现均较佳,具有较大的育种应用价值。