直干型大叶相思选择的探讨

在广州龙洞、增城梳脑、新会罗坑、珠海南溪及海南白石岭、尖峰等地对大叶相思进行直干型选择与测定。现已选出干型较直的类型，经后代测定与一般商品种相比，其材积增益达１６０％─１８０％，并能保存原来特性。     

直干型大叶相思在南宁的引种与生长研究

8年的引种试验表明,直干型大叶相思主干较通直,适应性强,生长迅速,年平均高生长达2.9 m,胸径达2.4 cm,蓄积量年生长量可达16.77m3/hm2;可推广建立速生丰产工业用材林和贫瘠立地绿化造林。     

大叶相思材积和生物量表的编制*

为探索大叶相思生物量和材积表编制方法，本文根据薪材林研究中收集的一些样木资料，选用Ｗ（Ｖ）１＝ａＤｂ（下称１式）和Ｗ（Ｖ）２＝ａ（Ｄ２Ｈ）ｂ（下称２式）两种模型，经回归分析推导出两组干、枝、叶和总生物量及材积的回归方程。对两组回归方程分析比较结果，１式自变量Ｄ容易测定且精度高，故以１式作为编表模式，编制成材积表和各组分的生物量表。     

直干型大叶相思种子品质和幼苗质量的研究

对直干型和普通型大叶相思的种子品质和苗期质量的对比试验结果表明，直干型的种子品质优于普通型的；幼苗高，径生长量两者差异不显著，直干型苗期的死亡率较高，说明其抗逆能力较差。     

直干大叶相思扦插育苗试验研究

采用不同类型插条、不同生根剂种类及不同浓度生根剂进行直干大叶相思扦插。结果表明,嫩枝扦插生根率高、平均根数多、根长;ABT-1生根粉对扦插作用效果明显;IBA采用600×10-6浓度处理直干大叶相思插穗的生根率高于其它浓度。     

直干大叶相思二元材积与生长率模型研究

为丰富树种二元材积方程和材积生长率方程,以直干型大叶相思为对象,分别选取6个二元材积备选模型和6个材积生长率备选模型,采用差分演化算法(DEA)求解模型参数,选用相关系数R、决定系数R²、均方差RMSE、卡方系数ChiSquare、F统计量进行精度评价,并采用交叉建模和交叉检验方式进行建模。结果表明,最优的直干大叶相思二元材积方程为山本式模型,R²值为0.960 4、RMSE值为0.000 27;基于山本式的模型改进后,建立的直干大叶相思二元材积方程为V=0.012 423 16d^{-12.920 195 63/d}h^{1.642 516 27},R²值为0.992 1,精度提高了3.30%;材积生长率模型的拟合精度RMSE值在[0.008 3,10.994 9],R²值在[0.865 5,0.972 6],但出现各指标对模型精度的优劣排序不一致的问题;利用TOPSIS法遴选出的最优材积生长率模型为1/Pv=-0.065 917 19+0.132 412 82/t...     

林龄、采伐方式对大叶相思萌芽更新的影响*

在海南省琼海县进行了不同林龄、不同采伐方式对大叶相思萌芽更新影响的研究，同时比较了保留不同萌条数量的萌芽林生长表现。结果表明：（１）林龄对伐桩萌芽率没有显著影响，但对伐桩存活率及萌条的径、高生长影响显著或极显著。林龄越大，萌芽更新效果越差；（２）皆伐和隔行采伐对大叶相思伐桩的萌芽率、萌条数量和存活率均无显著影响，但对萌条的径、高生长影响极显著。试验证明对大叶相思林分施以隔行采伐通过萌芽更新建立复层     

分形理论及其在林业科学中的应用*

概述了分形理论,并综述了该理论在森林土壤、森林气象、森林火灾、植被景观格局、树木结构、木材科学及工艺、林业遥感图像中的纹理分析等方面的应用现状。     

Facilitation by two exotic Acacia: Acacia auriculiformis and Acacia mangium as nurse plants in South China

Because of their high growth rate and tolerance to bare soil, two exotic Acacia species, Acacia auriculiformis and Acacia mangium, have been commonly planted in degraded areas of South China. With their large canopies and ability to fix nitrogen, the two Acacia species have also been considered to act as nurse plants for understory plants. The current study clarified the nursing effects of the Acacia species by comparing microclimate characteristics and physiological traits of native plant seedlings at three sites: under the canopies of the each Acacia species and on bare land (open site). Although the sites were not replicated, the results indicated that adult trees of both Acacia species can facilitate native species, but that A. mangium has greater facilitating effects due to greater temperature buffering, radiation reduction, and nutrient amelioration. In response to facilitation, three species (Castanopsis hystrix, Michelia macclurei, and Manglietia glauca) with different shade-tolerant traits growing under Acacia canopies expressed distinct adaptations. For the three species, the chlorophyll fluorescence curves of rETR and ΔF/Fm′ were higher under A. auriculiformis and on the open site than under A. mangium. The maximum quantum yield in PSII(Fv/Fm) in diurnal changes of the three species showed that all the Fv/Fm values were between 0.70 and 0.84 and that the Fv/Fm values were mostly higher under A. mangium than on the open site or under A. auriculiformis. Total chlorophyll content and both chlorophyll a and b contents in the three species were higher under the Acacia species than on the open site, while chlorophyll a/b ratio was higher on the open site. In contrast, the carotenoid content in C. hystrix and M. macclurei was lower under the two Acacia species than on the open site, while the opposite was true for M. glauca. The results demonstrate that the adaptation of the understory species to abiotic environmental factors is not restricted to a single mechanism but apparently involves a group of interrelated, adaptive suites. And also these adaptations were species-specific and especially related to their shade tolerance.     

黑木相思与尾叶桉苗期氮素传递的研究

以尾叶桉、黑木相思苗木混栽为研究对象,采用¹⁵N土壤和叶片标记法,在温室盆栽下研究2种植物间在根系完全隔离、部分隔离及无隔离处理下的生长变化及N素传递。结果表明:黑木相思的苗高、地径及生物量等生长指标随着根系隔离的减少而逐渐降低;相反,尾叶桉在根系无隔离处理下,其生长指标都要显著高于根系完全隔离处理,结果表明尾叶桉具有强大的养分吸收能力,混栽条件下会抑制黑木相思的生长。在¹⁵N土壤或叶片标记下,尾叶桉在根系部分隔离、无隔离下的总¹⁵N含量显著高于完全隔离处理(5.0和59.6倍);在土壤标记下,根系无隔离处理的黑木相思总¹⁵N含量显著低于完全隔离、部分隔离处理,而在叶片标记下的完全隔离黑木相思,其总¹⁵N含量显著低于其余2种处理。无论土壤或是叶片标记,黑木相思都能将N素传递至相邻尾叶桉,其N素传递率、传递量随着根系隔离的减少而提高。研究结果表明尾叶桉、黑木相思间能通过土壤渗透等方式传递N素,为桉树、相思的混交模式提供可靠的理论依据。     

黑木相思与速生桉商品用材林培育的经济效益对比分析

以国家开发银行贷款建设200 hm²黑木相思与速生桉用材林培育为例,采用动态经济分析方法进行财务净现值、内部收益率等指标及投资不确定性分析,研究两者投资经营的经济效益。结果表明,计算期（13a）内,黑木相思和速生桉用材林的内部收益率、投资利润率和资本金利润率均高于行业基准收益率（8%）,项目可行。黑木相思的财务净现值、内部收益率高于速生桉,其经济效益好,盈利能力和抗风险能力强。     

黑荆树优良地理种源选择研究*

３０个墨荆树国内外种源，在我国南方四省（区）５个点造了１３ｍｈ＾２种源试验林，５年生时的调查材料分析结果表明：不同种源生长、发育、通直度、树皮厚度、单宁含量、抗性等性状差异显著。各试点个入选种源的平均单株材积，比总体平均值大２１％－９５％，单宁含量比总体均值高２％－７％。种源与地点的互作不显著，说明种源表现具有较高的稳定性。根据生长量、产皮数量与质量、抗逆性及种源稳定等指标，综合评定出６个适合在我     

不同轮伐期和重复采收对大叶相思萌芽更新和林分产量的影响*

不同轮伐期和不同林分密度以及不同轮伐期组合和重复采收对大叶相思萌芽更新和林分产量影响的研究结果表明：①轮伐期对伐桩的萌芽力没有显著影响，但对萌芽林的生长有显著或极显著影响；林分密度对伐桩萌芽力和萌芽林生长均无显著影响。林分的材积和生物量总产量（种植后８ａ）随轮伐期的延长而减少。研究证明，大叶相思实生林萌芽更新的首采轮伐期以４ａ为最佳。②矮林作业能在一定程度上使大叶相思幼态化。在种植后５～６ａ内对这一树种进行第二次采伐的更新效果与第一次采伐的更新效果之间没有显著差异。对于以９ａ为一个经营期来说，以萌芽更新方式经营２代与３代其更新效果和林分总产量相当。为减少营林成本提高经济效益，建议经营两代即可，轮伐期组合以４＋５为最佳。     

三种热带相思采穗母株不同修枝方式效果试验

三种热带相思采穗母株不同修枝方式效果试验＊陈青度李小梅关键词热带相思采穗母株修枝方式扦插育苗马占相思（ＡｃａｃｉａｍａｎｇｉｕｍＷｉｌｄ．）、直干大叶相思（Ａ．ａｕｒｉｃａｌｉｆｏｒｍｉｓＡ．Ｃｕｎｎ．ｅｘＢｅｎｔｈ）和厚荚相思（Ａ．ｃｒａｓｉｃａｒ...     

模拟外源性氮磷对马占相思凋落叶分解及土壤生化特性的影响

[目的]研究外源性氮和磷对马占相思凋落叶的分解速率、分解过程中N、P、K含量和土壤生化特性的影响,以便为森林土壤养分管理提供参考。[方法]以广东省云勇林场马占相思林下凋落叶为试验材料,采用尼龙网袋分解法,设置对照(CK)、施N(10 g·m~(-2))、施P(5 g·m~(-2))、施N+P(N 10 g·m~(-2)+P 5 g·m~(-2))4种处理,每隔3个月取样1次,并测定凋落叶残留量和N、P、K含量。[结果]表明:施N、P和N+P处理对马占相思凋落叶的分解均为促进作用。各处理马占相思凋落叶的N含量在分解过程中大致保持稳定,施P和N+P处理的凋落叶P含量在分解过程中总体呈波动性上升,而各处理的凋落叶K含量变化规律不明显。施N、P和N+P处理提高了马占相思林土壤的有机质和全N含量,促进脲酶、磷酸酶及过氧化氢酶的活性。[结论]施N、P和N+P处理促进了马占相思凋落叶的分解,有利于马占相思林的养分循环。     

Effect of species and spacing of fast-growing nurse trees on growth of an indigenous tree, Hopea odorata Roxb., in northeast Thailand

We tested the effects of species and spacing of nurse trees on the growth of Hopea odorata, a dipterocarp tree indigenous to Southeast Asia, in a two-storied forest management system in northeast Thailand. Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Acacia auriculiformis, and Senna siamea were planted as nurse trees in 1987 at spacings of 4 m × 8 m, 2 m × 8 m, 4 m × 4 m, and 2 m × 4 m in the Sakaerat Silvicultural Research Station of the Royal Forest Department, Thailand. Seedlings of H. odorata were planted in the nurse tree stands at a uniform spacing of 4 m × 4 m and in control plots (no nurse trees) in 1990. Stem numbers of some nurse trees were thinned by half in 1994. The stem diameter and height of all trees were measured annually until 1995 and again in 2007. The mean annual increment (MAI) in volume was estimated as 8.2–10.1 m³ ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ for E. camaldulensis and 0.9–1.2 m³ ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ for S. siamea, smaller than reported elsewhere. This suggests that the site properties were not suitable for them. The MAI of A. auriculiformis was 7.9–9.8 m³ ha⁻¹ year⁻¹, within the reported range. Survival rates of H. odorata in the S. siamea stands and the control plots decreased rapidly during the first 2 years but then stayed constant from 1992. In contrast, survival rates of H. odorata in the E. camaldulensis and A. auriculiformis stands were initially high (>70%), but then decreased after 1995. Stem diameter, tree height, and stand basal area of H. odorata were large in both the S. siamea stands and the control plots from then. The growth of H. odorata was largest in the 2 m × 8 m S. siamea stands. In contrast, it was restricted in the E. camaldulensis and A. auriculiformis stands owing to strong shading by their canopies. Thinning by 50% tended to facilitate the growth of H. odorata temporarily in the E. camaldulensis and A. auriculiformis stands. The stand basal areas of nurse trees and of H. odorata showed a trade-off. These results suggest that the growth of H. odorata was maximized in the S. siamea stands. We assume, however, that the growth of H. odorata could be improved even in the E. camaldulensis and A. auriculiformis stands by frequent or heavy thinning.     

Mixed-species plantations of Acacia mangium and Eucalyptus grandis in Brazil: 2: Nitrogen accumulation in the stands and biological N2 fixation

The sustainability of plantation forests is closely dependent on soil nitrogen availability in short-rotation forests established on low-fertility soils. Planting an understorey of nitrogen-fixing trees might be an attractive option for maintaining the N fertility of soils. The development of mono-specific stands of Acacia mangium (100A:0E) and Eucalyptus grandis (0A:100E) was compared with mixed-species plantations, where A. mangium was planted in a mixture at a density of 50% of that of E. grandis (50A:100E). N₂ fixation by A. mangium was quantified in 100A:0E and 50A:100E at age 18 and 30 months by the ¹⁵N natural abundance method and in 50A:100E at age 30 months by the ¹⁵N dilution method. The consistency of results obtained by isotopic methods was checked against observations of nodulation, Specific Acetylene Reduction Activity (SARA), as well as the dynamics of N accumulation within both species. The different tree components (leaves, branches, stems, stumps, coarse roots, medium-sized roots and fine roots) were sampled on 5–10 trees per species for each age. Litter fall was assessed up to 30 months after planting and used to estimate fine root mortality. Higher N concentrations in A. mangium tree components than in E. grandis might be a result of N₂ fixation. However, no evidence of N transfer from A. mangium to E. grandis was found. SARA values were not significantly different in 100A:0E and 50A:100E but the biomass of nodules was 20–30 times higher in 100A:0E than in 50A:100E. At age 18 months, higher δ¹⁵N values found in A. mangium tree components than in E. grandis components prevented reliable estimations of the percentage of N derived from atmospheric fixation (%Ndfa). At age 30 months, %Ndfa estimated by natural abundance and by ¹⁵N dilution amounted to 10–20 and 60%, respectively. The amount of N derived from N₂ fixation in the standing biomass was estimated at 62 kg N ha⁻¹ in 100A:0E and 3 kg N ha⁻¹ in 50A:100E by the ¹⁵N natural abundance method, and 16 kg N ha⁻¹ in 50A:100E by the ¹⁵N dilution method. The total amount of atmospheric N₂ fixed since planting (including fine root mortality and litter fall) was estimated at 66 kg N ha⁻¹ in 100A:0E and 7 kg N ha⁻¹ in 50A:100E by the ¹⁵N natural abundance method, and 31 kg N ha⁻¹ in 50A:100E by the ¹⁵N dilution method. The most reliable estimation of N₂ fixation was likely to be achieved using the ¹⁵N dilution method and sampling the whole plant.