黄脊竹蝗集中产卵地的识别与测报方法研究

在测定黄脊竹蝗产卵量的基础上，观察黄脊竹蝗的迁飞落脚交尾地、鸟啄卵块留下的痕迹、立竹下方枝盘竹叶被害症状等产卵地的直观识别特征，可快速准确识别黄脊竹蝗集中产卵地。根据黄脊竹蝗造成的立竹下方枝盘竹叶被害程度制定了卵粒密度查定表，可测报集中产卵地卵粒密度和次年跳蝻发生面积、危害程度；根据集中产卵地上跳蝻先喜取食立竹顶梢竹叶造成的危害程度制定了立竹上已有跳蝻密度查定表，可测报跳蝻发生面积与危害程度。     

黄脊竹蝗集中产卵地可目测确定的最大距离

黄脊竹蝗集中产卵地可目测确定的最大距离黄脊竹蝗ＣｅｒａｃｒｉｓｋｉａｎｇｓｕＴｓａｉ是毛竹的主要食叶害虫。毛竹下方枝盘竹叶显著被害处则为黄脊竹蝗集中产卵地，且危害程度与卵块密度呈正相关。但毛竹下方枝盘竹叶被害症状类型特征，及可以目测确定黄脊竹蝗集中产...     

黄脊竹蝗产卵地与其生态因素关系的调查研究

黄脊竹蝗是楠竹的严重食叶害虫,防治黄脊竹蝗的关键在于顺利地找到产卵地,以便在产卵地内治理孵化出土跳蝻或已上竹尚未分散危害的1～2龄跳蝻。本文报道成虫产卵规律以及与9种生态因素的关系。其产卵地必须具备综合多生态因素,而光照是最重要的因素。只有竹林和植被稀疏,地面透光度大,光照强的地方才是成虫产卵的首选之地。     

湖南桃江黄脊竹蝗产卵量观察与研究

通过抽样调查黄脊竹蝗卵块卵粒数、解剖雌成蝗每次怀卵卵粒数、笼养观察成蝗产卵次数与每次产卵量，经数据分析估测桃江县自然界竹蝗产卵量为22～132粒、1～6次（块）。一般年份产卵量为44～66粒、2—3次。     

常德市鼎城区黄脊竹蝗防治方法

正黄脊竹蝗主要危害对象为毛竹、淡竹、刚竹等,也危害水稻、玉米等。跳蝻和成蝗啃食竹叶为害。跳蝻出土后第2～7天开始上竹,一直爬到竹子顶端最向阳的部位开始啃食,1～3龄食量不大,4龄至成虫交尾前为取食盛期,27只竹蝗一生可食完一株毛竹。被害竹林如同火烧,新竹叶被吃光一次后即枯死壮竹叶一次被吃光虽不死亡,但发笋量大减,新发叶     

黄脊竹蝗产卵地与发生面积相关性研究

通过对竹蝗产卵地，３－４龄跳时间蝻和成蝗等各虫态发生面积的调查，统计分析得出竹蝗产卵地面积上块状分布，平均０．６１亩。产卵地面积，３－４龄跳蝻面积以及竹蝗发生面积三者相关性强，本文建立了数学关系式，对竹蝗的预测预报有一定作用。     

竹蝗成虫防治技术

黄脊竹蝗是毛竹的主要危险性害虫,其防治最佳期为1龄至2龄初的跳蝻。此时跳蝻集中在产卵地,防治面积小,简便易行,成效显著,有事半功倍的效果。但由于认识不足、发现不及时、防治不积极等原     

竹蝗的监测预报及防治

黄脊竹蝗（简称竹蝗）是我国南方竹子产区的主要害虫之一。该虫每年发生1代，以卵在土中越冬。越冬卵于4月底5月初开始孵化，孵化期可延续到6月上旬。初孵跳蝻有群聚特性。7月下旬为成虫期羽化盛期，8月中下旬为产卵盛期，产卵可延续到10月初。竹蝗大发生时，使大片竹林枯死，甚至影响到灾区以后三五年竹子的生长，造成严重损失。     

毛竹林主要病虫害的防治

毛竹虫害主要有3种：黄脊竹蝗、刚竹毒蛾和竹笋泉蝇。 一、黄脊竹蝗。又名竹蝗。大发生时，将竹叶吃尽，如同火烧一般，新竹被害即枯死，老竹被害后2～3年内不发新笋，被害竹的竹秆内住往积水，不能利用。     

崇义县综合防治黄脊竹蝗实践与成效

黄脊竹蝗是毛竹的主要害虫.该虫具有繁殖能力强、迁飞扩散速度快、且呈周期性暴发的特点,大发生时给林业生产造成重大损失.采取监测预报虫情、栽种泡桐引虫治虫、人工清除卵决、生物和化学农药防治跳蝻、气味诱杀成虫、竹蔸注药等综合防治措施,可减少竹蝗危害,有效控制竹蝗发生.     

黄脊竹蝗防治试验

选用杀虫双水剂、高效氯氟氰菊脂微胶囊、噻虫啉微胶囊、乙酰甲胺磷等4种农药喷雾防治集中交尾、打孔成蝗试验。结果表明：以18％的杀虫双兑水15倍，提前防治成蝗于其选定的集中产卵（地）处的效果最好，其成本最低，毒性最低。进一步大面积应用试验，也证实了这一方法治蝗是简便而有效的。     

New sampler for dry deposition in forest canopy

A new type of sampler for dry deposition in a forest canopy was designed and tested to confirm its usefulness. The new sampler is made of Teflon chips packed in a nylon net, and tied on a rod like a branch in the canopy. The validity and characteristics of the new sampler were checked by comparing it with the conventional bucket sampler and the foliar extraction method using hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa) trees. The comparison between the deposited amounts on the dummy branch and those on the bucket indicates that the dummy could trap gaseous matter more effective than the bucket. From a comparison with the foliar extracting method, it is concluded that the trapping of particulate matter by the new dummy branch is comparable to that of natural needle leaves. However, its efficiency for gaseous matter is relatively small. This disadvantage should be improved by applying other materials to the dummy. Moreover, it is found that the uptake of gas especially SO₂ through the stomata is an important point in the discussion about dry deposition. To evaluate the amounts of dry deposition in the forest canopy more precisely, combination with the additional method should be useful. This study was supported in part by a grant-in-aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, and Culture, Japan.     

松褐天牛交尾产卵行为和卵期、孵化率测定

松褐天牛 Monochamus alternatus Hope成虫交尾 ,雌雄均无专一性 ,既能一雄多雌 ,也能一雌多雄 ;交尾次数对产卵量和卵的孵化率无显著影响 ;成虫对产卵场所的树种和树性有显著的偏嗜性选择行为。据测定 ,在 6月下旬至 7月下旬平均卵期 4.0 4天 ,卵的孵化率为 85 .76%。     

Red oak responses to nitrogen addition depend on herbivory type,tree family,and site

Elevated atmospheric N deposition is predicted to increase plant growth and C storage in N-limited systems, but this assumes that no mitigating ecological factors are influenced by N deposition. Many herbivores are also N-limited and so increased herbivore damage in response to N deposition may moderate, or even eliminate, gains in plant growth under elevated N. Thus the response of herbivores to N deposition could influence the onset and magnitude of N saturation resulting in expedited decreases in C storage. Since tree susceptibility to herbivores is partially under genetic control and will be influenced by site characteristics, we tested whether the interaction between N deposition, tree growth, and herbivore damage depends on tree genetic variation in susceptibility to herbivores at different locations. By monitoring 12 half-sib families of northern red oak (Quercus rubra) saplings at two common garden sites in south-central Pennsylvania, we found that herbivores were pervasive at both sites, resulting in 13% chewing damage, 16% galling damage and 28% browsing damage. N addition significantly affected browsing damage (8% overall increase) and chewing damage (19% overall increase) but did not affect galling damage. However, this effect was strongly dependent on the Q. rubra family and location, both of which influenced oak susceptibility to herbivore damage independent of N additions. Greater browsing damage on trees under N addition caused reductions in relative height growth, and this effect also depended on tree family and location. Our result suggests that herbivory, mediated by tree genetic lineage and site-specific conditions, may represent an important component of C sinks and N saturation under elevated N deposition.     

The threat of the ambrosia beetle Megaplatypus mutatus (Chapuis) (=Platypus mutatus Chapuis) to world poplar resources

We describe the life cycle of Megaplatypus mutatus (Chapuis)(=Platypus mutatus) and the damage it causes to poplar resourcesin Argentina. This insect, native to the subtropical and tropicalareas of South America, has extended its range into temperateregions, reaching as far south as Neuquén in ArgentineanPatagonia. The damage is caused by the adult insects, whichbore large gallery systems into living poplars (Populus spp.),willows (Salix spp.) and many other broadleaf species, includingimportant fruit trees species such as apples (Malus spp.), walnuts(Juglans spp.) and avocados (Persea spp.). The galleries degradethe lumber and weaken the tree stems, which often then breakduring windstorms. A recent introduction of M. mutatus to Italydemonstrates that this insect can be transported long distancesbetween countries, and therefore presents a threat worldwide—particularlyto poplar cultivation. We review the taxonomic nomenclaturefor this pest, provide a summary of the life cycle, hosts anddamage and summarize actions taken to reduce the risk of introductionof M. mutatus to Canada.     

Characterisation of and changes in the atmospheric deposition situation in German forest ecosystems using multivariate statistics

Based on the results of the atmospheric deposition classification of the year 1989, a methodical approach should be introduced, which—based on the modelled total deposition rates—enables us to characterise the input situation of forest monitoring plots and to delimit load areas in Germany. In 1989, the deposition situation in nearly 1,800 forest monitoring sites (BZE/extensive Soil Condition Inventory) in Germany could be explained by four factors (or three, excluding sea salt impact) with the help of a factor analysis. The factor values were grouped into six deposition types with typical compounds and regional patterns. The classified input rates of the soil inventory plots adequately represent the stress situation and deposition changes in Germany. The application of the statistical approach on the level of Brandenburg clarifies the special local input situation. Due to the special combination of deposed elements, the sources of emissions can be characterised as well. When the soil inventory is repeated, a project planned for 2006, this approach can be used in order to determine homogenous areas for stratified data evaluation.     

孪斑唇瓢虫卵块空间分布型和抽样技术研究

用5种聚集度指标对南疆林果有害生物主要天敌孪斑唇瓢虫(Chilocorus geminus Zaslavskij)卵块的空间分布状况进行调查与分析。结果表明:该虫卵块的空间分布符合负二项分布,其空间图式是聚集的,卵块之间相互排斥;最适抽样数N与平均卵密度m及允许误差D的关系为N=(1/D)2[(-0.208/m)+1.704]。     

Frost Hardiness of Red Alder (Alnus rubra) Provenances in Britain

The phenology and frost hardiness of shoots of 15 provenancesof Alnus rubra growing in Scotland were measured over one autumn,winter and spring. Dates of budset (in September) and the onsetof rapid frost hardening (in October-November) occurred about2 days earlier for each degree latitude of origin northwards,except for an Idaho provenance. However, all provenances dehardenedat about the same time in March and burst their buds between8 and 14 April. Assuming that rapid frost hardening in the autumnwas triggered primarily by shortening daylengths, Alaskan provenancesof A. rubra seemed better adapted to British conditions thansouthern British Columbian provenances, which have been mostcommonly planted. However, even Alaskan provenances are proneto spring frost damage. Scottish A. glutinosa and Alaskan A.sinuata set buds and frost hardened 1–2 weeks before eventhe Alaskan A. rubra, and burst their buds 2–3 weeks laterin April-May. All three species were hardy to below –30°Cfrom December to mid-March.     

淡紫拟青霉不同菌株对南方根结线虫卵寄生率三种处理方法的比较

利用来自不同地域的淡紫拟青霉的13个菌株，分别用其孢子液处理南方根结线虫分散卵粒、菌丝处理分散卵粒、孢子液处理卵囊以评价淡紫拟青霉对南方根结线虫的寄生性。在被试所有菌株中，同一菌株三种不同方法对根结线虫卵的寄生率相比，孢子液处理卵囊均明显高于其他两种处理。不同菌株对南方根结线虫卵的寄生率有很大的差异。三种处理方法结果显示618号菌株寄生率均为最高。菌株对卵的寄生率与菌株地理来源无明显相关性。