三种相思树种的耐寒性评估

采用电导法对南亚热带的马占相思、大叶相思、厚荚相思的幼苗在树种和种源2个层次上的耐寒性进行了评估,并进行了排序。结果表明:在树种和种源层次上,3种相思耐寒性变异均达极显著差异;马占相思的低温敏感区为6℃,大叶相思和厚荚相思的低温敏感区为0~3℃;最耐寒的马占相思种源是17703,大叶相思种源是19244,厚荚相思种源是17562和16598。     

广东阳江马占相思引种与生长研究

马占相思10a引种、种源试验表明，马占相思较同属台湾相思、大叶相思、厚荚相思生长快，且干形通直；17年种源试验以产自澳大利亚昆士兰州A5（13242）号为最优良种源；马占相思在海拔300m以下低丘、低山，土层深厚，表层疏松，排水良好的酸性土上生长良好，坡向以西南或东南坡下部为宜；由树干解析可清楚看出其生长规律。     

福建滨海沙地造林树种的适应性与选择研究

对不同树种滨海沙地适生性进行测定 ,不仅可以筛选出适宜于在不同滨海沙地的树种 ,丰富滨海防护林的树种资源 ,同时 ,也是防护林生态系统管理的要求。本文通过对各树种在不同滨海沙地立地上的成活率 (或保存率 )、生长量和抗风性的比较 ,筛选出适宜在福建东南滨海后沿沙地上栽植的树种有巨尾桉、刚果1 2 #桉、厚荚相思、纹荚相思和马占相思等 5个树种 ;较适宜的树种有山地木麻黄、柠檬桉、大叶相思、湿地松等 1 0个树种 ;适宜于木麻黄基干林带更新改造的树种有木麻黄无性系 70 1 #、60 1 #、厚荚相思等 3个树种 ,较适宜的树种为刚果 1 2 #桉 ,但建议慎重使用 ;适宜于前沿有少量稀疏木麻黄老林带保护的风口沙地立地上造林的树种有厚荚相思 ,较适宜的树种有纹荚相思和马占相思等 2个树种 ;适宜于滨海风口沙地立地上造林的树种有木麻黄惠安 1号无性系和木麻黄澳大利亚种源C3 8,具有一定潜力但尚需做进一步观察的树种有短枝木麻黄、木麻黄澳大利亚 1 5 1 98种源、木麻黄无性系 70 1 #和细枝木麻黄。     

厚荚相思的引种及种源试验*

厚荚相思于１９８５年从澳大利亚引种，８年引种及种源试验表明厚荚相思生长迅速，在广东湛江市８年生高达１２ｍ，胸径１２．８ｃｍ，超过大叶相思和马占相思。主干较通直，适应热砖红壤和沿海沙土生长，能耐盐风和茅草竞争，未发现严重病虫害。由于它为浅根性树种，故抗风力较弱。种源试验还表明，产自巴布亚新几内亚的种源较澳大利亚昆士兰州种源生长快且干形较通直。现已利用巴布亚产优良种源营造母树林，３ａ可开花结实。     

3种相思苗期耐旱性评估与选择研究

以聚乙二醇（PEG 6000）的渗透溶液模拟水分胁迫条件,通过测定相对电导率、相对含水量等指标,对南亚热带的马占相思、大叶相思、厚荚相思的幼苗进行了耐旱性评估和选择。结果表明：3种相思幼苗的耐旱能力在树种、种源和家系3个层次上均存在极显著的差异。针对3个相思树种分别从种源/家系水平上筛选出一批耐旱材料：马占相思15678种源中的BVG00667和BVG00669家系,种源16990中的MM000978家系;大叶相思18854种源中的2913、2900、2928、2921、2925家系以及种源18924中的BVG2712、BVG2713家系;厚荚相思13681种源63、24家系,16986种源16家系,以及15646种源73家系。     

热带相思树引种初报

本试验共收集来自巴布亚新几内亚和澳大利亚昆士兰的8种相思树共24个种源。试验结果表明,厚荚相思表现最好,大叶相思及纹荚相思次之,卷毛相思等较差、薄荚相思抗风力最强。试验表明,巴布亚新几内亚种源优于昆士兰种源。在今后引种和选育工作中应大力开发巴布亚新几内亚种源。     

相思类树种种质资源收集保存研究

通过２０多年（１９７４年－１９９６年）相思类树种种质资源迁地保存研究，共收集到６３个相民种质资源进行育苗造林保存。结果表明：大部分相思类树种以适应因地条件而死亡，现仅保存１９个树种，其中１６种正常开花结实，根据各处相思的树高和胸径生长表现，可分为速生型，次速生型和慢生型三种类型。速生型和乔木树种，如马占相思、大叶相思、卷荚相思、纹荚大果相思等；平均年生长量树高达１．８ｍ以上，胸径生长１．５ｃｍ以上     

闽南沿海沙地引种树种的评价

对闽南沿海沙地10种引种造林树种的速生性、丰产性和适应性进行了调查,并采用多目标决策方法进行了闽南沿海沙地引种树种评价研究.结果表明:在10种引种树种中,厚荚相思速生丰产性和适应性得分最高,综合评价值最大,纹荚相思综合评价值居第2,柠檬桉综合得分值最低;厚荚相思、纹荚相思和巨尾桉为闽南沿海沙地1级最适宜造林树种,刚果12号桉、大叶相思和马占相思为2级次适宜造林树种,毛娟相思、肯氏相思、卵果松和柠檬桉为第3级造林树种.     

福建东南沿海滨海沙地4年生相思类树种生物量分配格局及树种选择

对福建省长乐市大鹤国有林场的4年生大叶相思、肯氏相思、纹荚相思、厚荚相思、卷荚相思的各构件生物量分配率进行研究,结果表明:厚荚相思的总生物量最大,而卷荚相思的总生物量低于其他相思树种。5个相思树种各构件生物量分配率:肯氏相思、纹荚相思和卷荚相思的根部分配率较高,其中纹荚相思的根系生物量分配率最高,达46.69%,其次为肯氏相思,达44.59%;而大叶相思和厚荚相思的枝叶鲜重和生物量分配率较高,其中厚荚相思枝叶生物量最高,达76.71%,大叶相思达75.05%。从构件生物量的角度来看,肯氏相思和纹荚相思更适宜作为滨海沙地造林树种。     

东江中上游紫色红壤水土保持林树种选择试验

在东江中上游特定的气候条件和特定的紫色红壤上，开展了水土保持林树种选择试验。初步选择出具有固氮改土能力的肯氏相思、绢毛相思和大叶相思作为严重水土流失紫色红壤地区的先锋树种；选择了慢生的伴生树种红锥和海南红豆；在辅以人工施肥的情况下，选择了速生树种桃金娘科的尾叶桉和红胶木。在先锋、速生和慢生树种，以及乔、灌、草相互结合的技术措施指导下，营造的水土保持示范林取得了较为理想的保持水土效果。     

Variations and phenotypic correlation of growth attributes of Calliandra calothyrsus in the Blue Mountains of Jamaica

Forested land cleared for agriculture in the Blue Mountains of Jamaica rapidly loses its productivity leading to further slash-and-burn cultivation and the degradation of more forest. Contour hedgerows of Calliandra calothyrsus Meissner have been shown to reduce water runoff and soil erosion, and products of the species have a wide range of uses in the local farming community. A trial was established at 1550 m in which the locally naturalised population of C. calothyrsus was compared with seven provenances from across the species' ecological range. There was considerable variation between provenances of C. calothyrsus in all the above-ground growth variables measured and, although the local provenance performed moderately well, it was clear that there is potential to improve the suitability of the species for a range of local uses by the introduction of new provenances. One provenance combined high above-ground productivity with low fine root-length density, especially in the inter-hedgerow area: it offers particular potential for use in simultaneous agroforestry systems providing wood and foliage products whilst not imposing high levels of competition with crop plants for below-ground resources. Although there were significant differences between provenances in the distribution of roots between the hedgerow and inter-row areas, they did not differ in the distribution of roots between soil depths. There were only limited differences between provenances in the response of their subsequent growth to harvesting. However, significant block × provenance interactions suggested that the performance of C. calothyrsus provenances may be difficult to predict between sites and farmers should be encouraged to carry out trial planting of a number of provenances to find those which best match their farm environment and needs.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Dry matter production and allocation in Eucalyptus cloeziana and Eucalyptus argophloia seedlings in response to soil water deficits

Effects of soil water availability on seedling growth, dry matter production and allocation were determined for Gympie (humid coastal) and Hungry Hills (dry inland) provenances of Eucalyptus cloeziana F. Muell. and for E. argophloia Blakely (dry inland) species. Seven-month-old seedlings were subjected to well-watered (100% field capacity, FC), moderate (70% FC) and severe (50% FC) soil water regimes in a glasshouse environment for 14 wk. There were significant differences in seedling growth, biomass production and allocation patterns between species. E. argophloia produced twice as much biomass at 100% FC, and more than three times as much at 70% and 50% FC than did either E. cloeziana provenance. Although the humid provenance of E. cloeziana had a greater leaf area at 100% FC conditions than did the dry provenance, total biomass production did not differ significantly. Both E. cloeziana provenances were highly sensitive to water deficits. E. argophloia allocated 10% more biomass to roots than did E. cloeziana. Allometric analyses indicated that relative biomass allocation patterns were significantly affected by genotype but not by soil water availability. These results have implications for taxon selection for cultivation in humid and subhumid regions.     

Comparative water use by dryland trees in Parklands in Senegal

Despite the clear evidence of competition for water between trees and crops, there have been very few studies comparing simultaneous water use by differing tree species in drylands. Comparative water use by dryland trees was measured in Senegal using heat balance gauges at the end of the wet season and in the dry season. Significant differences between tree species were found for maximum rates of water use per unit leaf area. Indigenous species may be better adapted to the dry environment than exotic species but the indigenous species Acacia seyal Del. used more water per unit leaf area than all other species. The exotic species Azadirachta indica Adr. Juss. consistently used less water per unit leaf area than most other species. There were significant differences in amounts of water used per unit leaf area by differing provenances of the same tree species. Water use in the dry season varied by a factor of three between two provenances of Acacia aneura F. Muell ex Benth. indicating potential to select provenances for drylands based on their water use characteristics. Absolute rates of water use as well as differences in sapflow between species were greatest when soils were moist suggesting that comparative sapflow studies will be most informative when carried out during the wet season. Water use rankings of the differing tree species were broadly maintained irrespective of season.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Tephrosia species and provenances for improved fallows in southern Africa

Seeking an alternative to Sesbania spp. tree fallows, a Tephrosia species and provenance trial was conducted at Msekera Research Station, Chipata (Zambia) to evaluate eleven Tephrosia vogelii and three Tephrosia candida provenances. They were tested for biomass production, quality of biomass, resistance to root-knot nematodes, nitrogen release, and for their effects on soil nitrogen dynamics. At the end of 1.5 years, the T. candida provenances 02970, 02971 and 02972 from Madagascar produced two times greater amount of aboveground biomass than the T. vogelii provenances. There was little variability among the T. vogelii provenances in terms of litter and biomass production. Weed growth was significantly greater under T. vogelii than T. candida provenances. While Tephrosia vogelii provenance 98/02 from Zambia and T. candida 02972 were highly tolerant to the Meloidogyne incognita nematodes, T. vogelii provenances 02977, 98/03, 02973 from Kenya, Zambia and Malawi, respectively, were highly susceptible to the nematodes. The Tephrosia species and provenances showed a wide variability in terms of N, lignin and polyphenol concentration in their foliage. Mineralization of N in the foliage of T. candida provenances 02970 and 02971 and T. vogelii provenances 98/04 and 02974 from Malawi occurred rapidly within 14 weeks of incubation. At the end of the 2-year growth period, there was significantly greater total inorganic N under T. candida provenance 02972 (12.5 mg kg⁻¹) than T. vogelii (5 mg kg⁻¹) provenance Mungwi 98/02. Maize (Zea mays L.) yields after T. candida provenances were greater than those after T. vogelii provenances. Further testing of the most promising provenances is needed for their effects on subsequent maize yields under a range of farm conditions. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Testing species of genus Abies for Christmas tree production in Norway

Ten exotic Abies species were tested in two field trials, where the aim was to find suitable species and provenances for Christmas tree production in coastal and fjord areas in Norway. The material included 14 provenances of Abies nordmanniana, 3 provenances of Abies bornmuelleriana, 3 provenances of Abies koreana, 2 provenances of Abies amabilis, and 1 provenance each of Abies equi-trojani, Abies alba, Abies procera, Abies homolepis, Abies nephrolepis, and Abies forrestii. Field trials were established at Gulen in Sogn og Fjordane County and at Verdal in Nord-Trøndelag County. Christmas tree classification was done seven and eight growing seasons after establishment. The Christmas tree yield was higher in Gulen (64%) than in Verdal (45%), which is situated further north. Also, the survival and the height growth were higher in Gulen than in Verdal. A more humid climate and a longer growth season in Gulen may explain some of the differences. Of the 10 species, A. nordmanniana, A. homolepis, and A. bornmuelleriana produced the highest Christmas tree yield at Gulen, while A. homolepis and A. koreana had the highest yield at Verdal. Due to early bud burst, A. equi-trojani and A. bornmuelleriana are only suited for Christmas tree growing in the best climatic areas.     

桉属树种/种源试验

广东省江门地区为调整人工林树种结构 ,提高人工林的产量和质量 ,发展以阔叶树种为主的人工林。现桉树 ( Eucalyptusspp.)已成为该市营造短轮伐期工业用材林的主要树种 [1] 。本试验的目的在于通过从澳大利亚引进桉属树种 ,进行桉属树种 /种源试验 ,为江门市选出更适合当地生长的优良桉树树种和优良种源 ,促进该地区桉树人工林的发展。1　试验地概况　　试验地位于广东省开平市镇海林场 ,2 2°2 5′～ 2 2°40′N,112°15′～ 112°45′E。属南亚热带气候 ,年平均温度 2 2 .1℃ ,极端最高温度 38.3℃ ,极端最低温度 1℃ ,年平均降水量 182…     

Gremmeniella abietina,Phacidium infestans,and other causes of damage in alpine,young pine plantations in Norway

Field studies of damage and mortality were carried out through 16 years in six young plantations, mostly of Pinus contorta, but also P. sylvestris and P. sibirica. Differences between pine species, P. contorta provenances, sites, and soil treatments are reported and discussed, as are influences of environment, climatic conditions, snow cover, and nutrient deficiency. Gremmeniella abietina was by far the most important cause of mortality; there were great differences between the sites as to development and seriousness. Other important causes of mortality and damage were Phacidium infestans, elk (Alces alces L.), voles, and snow pressure.     

柏类引种试验研究

对柏类４个树种墨西哥柏,绿干柏,垂柏,巨柏共１２个种源的引种表明,不同树种和种源树高,胸径增最大年份分别出现在造林后第４年和第５年;造林后１０ａ,lay status     

福建漳州芳香油桉树引种与种源试验

桉树属(Eucalyptus)树种繁多,共700多种,其中绝大多数为澳大利亚的特有树种。芳香油桉树是指以利用桉属树种的叶油腺细胞分泌出来的一种芳香油为主要生产目的的桉树树种。在澳大利亚,芳香油桉树的遗传资源非常丰富^[1],桉叶油生产已有上百年历史^[2]。桉树芳香油在医药、日化工业、食品和化妆品生产中应用广泛。福建省是我国桉树芳香油的主要产区之一,主要是柠檬桉。为丰富我国南亚热带地区芳香油桉树基因资源,发掘其在森林生态系统中的应用潜力,中国林科院与澳大利亚国际农业研究中心(ACIAR)合作进行该试验研究,其中铁木按(E.sideroxylon Cunn.en Woolls)是我国首次引进的树种。     

Early growth performance and water use of planted West African provenances of Vitellaria paradoxa C.F. Gaertn (karité) in Gonsé, Burkina Faso

A participatory selection trial of five provenances from Burkina Faso (3), Mali (1) and Senegal (1) was established in Burkina Faso in 1997 with the aim of addressing issues of the long juvenile phase and the large variability in annual fruit yields of Vitellaria paradoxa C.F. Gaertn in West Africa. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate survival rate and the growth performance of the five provenances, characterize the wetting profile under which the trees of these provenances are growing and quantify the variation in their seasonal transpiration. The design was a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with single tree as the experimental unit which was replicated 70 times. The results showed a mean survival rate of 50% for all provenances. Passoré (Burkina Faso), Djonon-Karaba (Mali) and Botou-Fada (Burkina Faso) provenances showed the highest height and collar diameter whereas the provenance of Gonsé (Burkina Faso) performed poorly. Djonon-Karaba provenance displayed the highest water use (2.70 l day⁻¹ tree⁻¹ in 2004 and 2.85 l day⁻¹ tree⁻¹ in 2005). Soil water content under Passoré provenance was the lowest (9.38%) whereas its content under Gonsé provenance (11%) was the highest with no clear pattern according to the distance from tree trunk. Samecouta and Djonon-Karaba provenances showed the highest transpiration values per sapwood unit area in 2004 (0.079 l cm⁻² day⁻¹) and in 2005 (0.069 l m⁻² day⁻¹), respectively. Based on growth performance and water use, it can be recommended at this early stage the selection of Djonon-Karaba and Passoré provenances as the most suitable for semi-arid regions of West Africa. However, there is a need for further data to model the long term effects of these provenances on soil water balance and their fruit production before reliable recommendations can be made to farmers.