AM菌根化的两种桉树苗对青枯病的抗性研究

AM菌对桉树幼苗接种可提高对青枯病的抗性。在有AM菌存在的情况下，桉树幼苗不发病或发病较轻。对两种桉树幼苗进行青枯病菌的人工接种结果表明：菌根苗比无菌根苗的发病率降低10％～40％，而幼树的高生长可增加12％～39％；AM菌对青枯病的防治效果优于外生菌根(即ECM)的效果，其中以AM6008和AM9004菌株的效果最好，而AM3006的效果较差；大田试验结果表明；经AM菌根化的幼苗对青枯病的抗病作用较强，发病率可下降10．0％～17．5％。     

桉树菌根的研究

室外调查结果表明,华南地区的桉树菌根虽然较贫乏,但仍发现有9种外生菌根真菌。在平均气温20℃以上,相对湿度80%以上及有相当降雨量的条件下,菌根菌子实体可大量产生;不同立地条件对外生菌根的分布有密切关系。使用5种不同的接种方法对桉树幼苗进行接种,均有较好的接种效果,其中,VA 菌根土接种,孢子菌剂接种,罐栽菌木接种及 Mycobeads 接种均有较好的效果,而且方法简单,使用方便。一年生桉树接种苗比对照株高生长平均增加14.3%;胸径平均增加13.67%;处理区一年生幼树蓄积比对照区每公顷增加5.12m~3,增加39.9%,投入与产出比为1∶15。     

根瘤菌、菌根菌对厚荚相思苗期生长的影响

对厚荚相思苗期进行接种根瘤菌、菌根菌、根瘤菌＋菌根菌的比较试验,结果表明：接种菌根菌的促生效果显著。幼苗高生长、地上部分干重、地下部分干重、根瘤个数、根瘤重量平均数比对照分别提高了53．36％。73．30％,89．69％,224．01％和186．96％。接种各菌种对幼苗的促生效果排序为：菌根菌＋根瘤菌〉根瘤菌〉菌根菌〉对照。苗木根部菌根菌感染强度排序为：菌根菌〉菌根菌＋根瘤菌〉对照。     

日本落叶松苗接种菌根真菌的研究

采用厚环乳牛肝、血红铆钉菇、彩色豆马勃等3种外生菌根菌纯培养接种物。对日本落叶松播种苗进行接种试验，测定其对苗木根部病害的生物防治作用。实验表明，3种外生菌根真菌对苗木根部病害及苗木猝倒病均有明显的抑制作用。接种不同菌根真菌的松苗猝倒病发病率比对照组降低30．3％--58．6％，苗高、地径、单株鲜重等生长指标提高5．9％-65．0％，菌根侵染率达61．3％-68．1％。     

菌根真菌菌种的更替与其可持续性的研究

巨尾桉菌根化组培苗试验林中所接种的彩色豆马勃,已持续生存达10a之久;而接种的西澳粘滑菇、漆蜡蘑仅生存2～6a,之后则被其它菌根菌种所更替。自然条件下未经接种的的蓝桉人工林,造林后2～4a的林中以硬皮马勃、漆蜡蘑等菌根真菌为主;之后则先后由鸡油菌和牛肝菌所取代。松茸菌在适合的自然条件下可在林中生存达数十年之久,其持续性十分明显;人工接种松茸菌的云南松幼苗上,经6a的连续观察,菌丝体仍然生长旺盛。菌根真菌的菌种更替现象及可持续性与菌种本身的生长特性有关。若菌种能适应其环境条件,则生长可持续下去;反之则可能被其它菌种所更替,因此,菌根技术的推广应用,应坚持“适地适菌”和“适树适菌”的原则,方可取得持久的接种效果。     

VA菌稂对黎蒴的增效作用研究

用球囊霉属VA菌根菌制成的菌剂接种黎蒴实生苗，与对照相比，株高4个月以后增加52．99％。株高、地径和根部干重8个月以后分别增加75．93％、30．67％和71．75％，均达到极显著差异水平。在接种的植株根部可发现VA菌根特有的泡囊和从枝结构。试验结果表明，VA菌根菌对黎蒴的生长有显著的增效作用。     

菌根真菌对树苗根部病害的防治作用

采厚环乳牛肝、血红铆钉菇、彩色豆马勃３种外生菌根菌纯培养接种物,对日本落叶松、油松播种苗进行接种试验,测定其对苗木根部病害的生物防治作用。试验表明,３种外生菌根真菌对苗木猝倒病均有的抑制作用。接种不同菌根真菌的松苗猝倒病发病率双对照降低４．０％～５５．９％,苗高、地径、单株鲜重等生长指标提高２．８％～６２．９％,菌根侵染率达８２．０％～９６．０％。     

桉树生长和防御相关酶对摩西管柄囊霉和青枯菌的响应

【目的】研究桉树响应从枝菌根真菌和青枯菌的生长和生理特征,为应用菌根化育苗技术防控桉树青枯病提供理论支撑。【方法】以巨桉幼苗为对象,研究摩西管柄囊霉菌根化和青枯菌侵染进程对寄主生长和防御相关酶活性的影响。【结果】1）摩西管柄囊霉能与巨桉根系良好共生,菌根化桉树株高、地径、干质量、根冠比分别为非菌根化处理的2.30、4.38、2.75和1.71倍。与非菌根化处理相比,菌根化巨桉幼苗根长、根直径、根表面积、根体积、根冠比、根系和叶片中氮、磷和钾含量均显著增加（P<0.05）。2）随青枯菌侵染时间的增加,菌根化桉树叶片中的防御相关酶活性显著高于对应的非菌根化处理,过氧化物酶（POD）和多酚氧化酶（PPO）、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性在菌根化桉树组织中先升高后降低,分别在青枯菌侵染48、24、144 hpi时达到峰值;菌根化桉树叶片中的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）和几丁质酶活性先升高后降低,在青枯菌侵染96 hpi后达到峰值。3）接种摩西管柄囊霉对桉树青枯病的防控效果为81.67%。【结论】接种摩西管柄囊霉显著促进桉树幼苗健壮生长,受青枯菌侵染后,菌根化桉树幼苗快速和...     

尾叶桉菌根化苗木造林试验

尾叶桉幼苗接种菌粮菌后，成为带菌根的菌根化苗木。使用菌根化苗木造林结果表明，其增效明显。经测定，造林１１．５个月的幼树平均高达４．４８～４．８１ｍ，比对照区增加６．４％～１４．３％，胸径达３．９６～４．２０ｃｍ，比对照区增加６．１６％～１３．６７％，幼林蓄积达１７．９５ｍ３／ｈｍ２，比对照区增加３９．９％。     

VA菌根菌对白藤幼苗生长效应研究初报

Glomus mosseae和G.epigaeus两种内生菌根菌可与白藤幼苗根部形成菌根共生体。接种7个月的藤苗高生长比对照增加23.36—27.63%;叶面积增加47.55—77.36%;叶片数量增加17.4%以上,幼苗根部含磷量提高6—40%。     

马占相思优势外生菌根菌与根瘤菌双接种效应初报

马占相思（ＡｃａｃｉａｍａｎｇｉｕｍＷｉｌｄ）是速生优良多用途树种,其根部具有根瘤,具有共生固氮功能。为了使根瘤菌更好地促进马占相思的生长,国内外对其根瘤菌进行了大量的研究［１］。其中包括双接种根瘤菌与ＶＡ菌的研究［２］。虽然ＶＡ菌根菌能较好地促进马...     

赤松幼苗接种菌根真菌生长效应的初步研究

以赤松幼苗接种松茸菌进行盆栽和圃地栽培试验,研究菌根菌感染数量和菌根菌对苗木生长效应的影响。结果表明:在盆栽条件下,三种处理根系菌根真菌的感染指数分别为80、50、3,截根接种和不截根接种分别为对照的26.7倍和16.7倍,且截根处理是不截根的1.6倍;幼苗苗高、地径生长量显著提高,干重比对照分别增加33.3%和18.5%。在圃地条件下,截根接种与不截根接种的幼苗苗高、地径生长量比对照分别提高5.4%、4.2%和14.9%、6.9%。     

Effects of Different Aluminum Levels on Growth and Root Anatomy of Alnus hirsuta Rupr. Seedlings

This study was conducted to compare the growth and mineral nutrient composition of Alnus hirsuta seedlings when treated with different aluminum concentrations and acidic nutrient solutions with and without Frankia inoculation and to examine microscopic changes in the roots treated with different aluminum levels with and without Frankia inoculation. When inoculated with Frankin, A. hirsura seedlings without A1 treatment showed the greatest growth rate in height; root length and fresh weight. The seedlings treated with Al grew better in height, root length and fresh weight in the presence of Frankia than those uninoculated with Frankia. As the concentration of Al treatments increased, the concentration of Al in both shoot and root increased regardless of Frankia inoculation. As the concentration of treated Al increased, the concentration of cations (Ca, Mg, K) in the tissue decreased. The root tissues treated with A1 showed the following microscopic characteristics as compared to those without Al treatment; presence of electron dense bodies in vacuoles, and between plasmalemma and cell wall, accumulation of phenolic materials in vacuoles, disrupted tonoplast, and increase in vacuolation. These alterations in root anatomy were observed at 50 mg/L Al treatment. The degree of alteration was more severe in the root tissues uninoculated with Frankia than those inoculated with Frankza.     

Growth, nitrogen fixation and mineral acquisition of Alnus sieboldiana after inoculation of Frankia together with Gigaspora margarita and Pseudomonas putida

The role of tetrapartite associations among Frankia, Gigaspora margarita (an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus), Pseudomonas putida (rhizobacterium), and Alnus sieboldiana in growth, nitrogen fixation, and mineral acquisition of A. sieboldiana was investigated. Seedlings of A. sieboldiana were inoculated with Frankia isolated from root nodules of alder, followed by inoculation of G. margarita and P. putida, and were grown for 5 months in a greenhouse. The seedlings inoculated with Frankia and G. margarita together produced the highest biomass of shoots and root nodules. Nitrogen-fixation activity, measured by acetylene reduction assay, was observed when Frankia was inoculated. The activity, on a per-nodule gram basis, decreased after G. margarita inoculation, but on a per-plant basis there was no significant difference in the activity among inoculation treatments. The mineral content in the seedlings changed after inoculation with Frankia, but not after inoculation with P. putida and/or G. margarita. The results showed a synergistic interaction among Frankia, the mycorrhizal fungus, and the rhizobacterium on the growth of A. sieboldiana.     

Field survival of containerized red and jack pine seedlings inoculated with mycelial slurries of ectomycorrhizal fungi

Red pine and jack pine seedlings growing in styroblocks were inoculated 8 wk after sowing with mycelium/agar slurries of 3 mycorrhizal fungi (Laccaria bicolor, Scleroderma citrinum, and an unidentified basidiomycete), and one suspected mycorrhizal fungus (Cantharellula umbonata). Seedlings inoculated with L. bicolor developed mycorrhizae earlier and in greater numbers than the other inoculation treatments, with red pine out-performing jack pine in both respects. At 34 wk following sowing, seedlings were outplanted on a cleared xeric site in Baraga Co., in Michigan's Upper Peninsula. Seedlings inoculated with C. umbonata failed to form mycorrhizae and were not outplanted. Inoculation treatments did not affect shoot or root weight at outplanting. Red pine inoculated with L. bicolor averaged 21% and 19% greater survival compared with control seedlings after one and two years in the field, respectively. Other inoculation treatments failed to increase seedling survival for either tree species. Jack pine demonstrated higher overall survival than did red pine for both years in all corresponding inoculation treatments.     

喜树育苗和接种菌根菌试验

用苏格兰球囊菌 [Glomuscaledonium (Nicol&Gerd .)Trappe&Gerd .]和地表球囊 [Glomusversiforme (Karsten)Berch]菌种接种喜树幼苗。试验结果表明 :喜树幼苗根均可与两种菌种菌形成菌根 ,接种前者的苗木菌根感染率为 5 3% ,接种后者的苗木菌根感染率为 4 0 % ,非接种苗木 (对照 )的感染率 6 .7%。接种菌根菌后的苗木总生物量、根茎比及根系长度和地径有所提高 ,反映了 2个菌种均促进了喜树幼苗的生长 ,但对幼苗高生长的促进作用不大。     

蓝桉和尾叶桉混合菌根研究Ⅱ.混合菌根的接种效应

接种苗木在生长量和生物量上均表现出极其显著的生长优势,ECM真菌蜡蘑菌单接种及其与4种VA菌根菌剂混合接种,对苗木生长的促进作用尤为显著。在接种后16周时,与对照苗相比,蓝桉和尾叶桉接种苗木的高生长量最大增幅分别为28.86%(LS)和86.65%(LG);两种桉树地上部分平均干质量最大增幅分别为129.93%(LS)和133.34%(L),地下部分分别为119.93%(LF)和174.83%(LG)。桉树对不同菌根菌及其组合的菌根依赖性表现出很大的差异,对混合接种的真菌组合有相对高的菌根依赖性,而对土壤菌剂依赖性很小。菌根感染与苗木生物量间有显著的相关性。试验结果还证实了P素对桉苗生长的促进作用,P素水平对菌根的接种效应有一定的影响。     

桉树接种固氮菌效果的研究

试验表明接种固氮菌能显著提高桉树苗木的生长及苗木各器官的生物量和Ｎ含量,接种苗木高生长比对照（不接种）增加２９．８１％、叶片数增加３７．３１％、叶片干重增加３５．０１％、茎干重增加５５．５９％、根干重增加７８．９３％、总生物量干重增加５５．８９％。不同菌株的增产效果存在差异,接种催娩克氏菌的效果较接种阴沟肠杆菌的好。接种＋施Ｎ８０ｍｇ／株处理的效果优于接种＋施Ｎ３０ｍｇ／株处理的效果。接种与施Ｎ肥的分析结果表明接种催娩克氏菌的效果等于施Ｎ８０ｍｇ／株的效果。     

乡土用材树种与红菇菌根菌高效共生体的筛选研究

为筛选乡土用材树种与菌根型食用红菇菌的高效共生组合体,以红锥Castanopsis hystrix、白锥Castanopsis fabric和马尾松Pinus massoniana为宿主,以正红菇Russula vinosa07240、07242、07243、0204和0553菌株和鳞盖红菇Russulalepida0005菌株为菌种,开展了苗期接种试验。结果表明,参试的6个红菇菌株均可在红锥、白锥和马尾松苗木根系上形成感染,感染率46.7%～90.0%。马尾松的接种效应最快,不同接种处理之间苗高和地径的生长差异分别在接种后1个月和4个月时达到显著;而红锥和白锥苗高生长差异则在接种后10个月,地径生长差异分别在接种后12个月和14个月时达到显著。以0553菌株接种的红锥、马尾松苗高、地径及总生物量高于其他5个菌株接种处理。与对照相比,0553菌株接种下的红锥苗高、地径及总生物量增长量分别达24.1%、19.8%和50.4%,马尾松则分别达20.9%、18.6%和49.1%。对于白锥,则以07242菌株接种处理下的生长效应最大,苗高、地径及总生物量增长量分别达54.0%、20.2%和57.2%。红锥、马尾松与正...