宝巾花花期调控技术研究

通过采取控制水分、温度、光照或喷施药物等措施,进行宝巾花花期调控技术的研究。结果表明:宝巾花的花期可以通过对植株采取水分、温度和光照控制的方法进行调控,以达到提早开花或延长花期的目的。而喷施多效唑和矮壮素等药物也能调控宝巾花的花期,使其叶片变厚、变绿,枝条节间缩短,花期延长,提高其观赏价值。花期调控技术的效果在不同的季节和不同的品种中有明显的差异。     

关于我国宝巾花育种的思考

概述宝巾花(Bougainvillea)育种现状,介绍了几种诱变育种技术在农业、花卉生产与科研中的重要作用,并建议采用诱变育种技术来获得宝巾花新品种新种质.     

南亚热带珍稀花卉培育技术研究

本项目收集了南亚热带花卉品种457个，建立了品种收集圃及其信息管理系统。通过一系列试验观察，选出40多个具有较高观赏价值和开发前景的珍稀花卉品种；并对主要品种进行了快速繁殖与高效栽培技术研究，为加快了广西花卉产业发展提供了良种和技术支撑。     

西双版纳热带花卉园宝巾品种及其栽培情况

宝巾花属于紫茉莉科（Nyctaginaceae）宝巾花属（Bougainvillea）植物，又称叶子花、九重葛、勒杜鹃或三角梅等。宝巾花原产于热带美洲，是常绿攀缘植物，全年开花，鲜艳美丽，容易栽培，深受园艺界赏识，目前几乎全世界都有引种栽培。西双版纳热带花卉园的宝巾花经过多年从泰国、广东、思茅等地引种栽培，到1999年底，已保存24个品种，其中有16个品种作大规模栽培，形成专类园。特别是近年来，以植物造景为主的园林兴起，宝巾花品种的培育也跟着日新月异；同时，丰富的品种也给命名带来了困难。为了方便引种推广，根据我们观察的情况，介…     

不同品种宝巾花愈伤组织的诱导

组织培养是宝巾花无性繁殖的重要内容,宝巾花组织培养体系的建立对于宝巾花规模化生产具有理论指导意义。本研究对金斑大红、橙红、大红、粉红、蓝色、绿叶樱花、鸳鸯7个宝巾花品种的幼嫩茎段开展愈伤组织诱导试验。结果表明,金斑大红、粉红、鸳鸯3个品种的诱导愈伤最适培养基为MS+6-BA 0.5mL/L+NAA0.3mL/L+蔗糖30g/L+琼脂6g/L,诱导率分别为80%、79%、91%,愈伤组织疏松透明,长势良好;大红、绿叶樱花2个品种的诱导愈伤最适培养基为MS+6-BA 0.5mL/L+NAA 0.1mL/L+蔗糖30g/L+琼脂6g/L,诱导率分别为93%、88%,愈伤组织膨大成团;橙红和蓝色2个品种的愈伤组织在上述2种培养基上长势均好,诱导率都在90%以上。     

月季品种与其亲本的花色相关性分析

该文以《Modern Rose 12》的月季品种花色性状资料为基础,通过对杂交选育的月季品种群体中各种花色品种所占的百分率与其亲本群体(母本群体及父本群体)中各种花色亲本所占百分率的相关性研究,分析了7 548个月季品种的花色与其亲本花色的关系,得到如下结论:(1)各种花色品种与相同花色或同一色系的亲本之间多存在一定的正相关关系;(2)红色系品种和黄色系亲本之间、黄色系品种和红色系亲本之间多存在一定的负相关;(3)黄色系亲本对品种花色的影响相对较大;(4)粉色混合色类型的品种花色受亲本影响较小。     

多色扶桑的嫁接方法

扶桑,在我省的温、热地带都有栽培。由于易繁殖、易管理、花色多,深受广大城乡群众所喜爱,有的栽培于家庭,有的盆栽于阳台,玉溪市还将扶桑选定为市花。扶桑品种较多,常见的有红灯笼、醉西施、粉牡丹、黑牡丹、御黄底等。这些不同品种的扶桑,有鲜红、粉红、桔黄、桔红等多种颜色,花朵还有重瓣、单瓣之分,形态各异。近两年来,笔者采取嫁接的方法,将不同花形、花色的扶桑集于一株,其嫁接方法如下: 一、培养砧木:不同花色、花形的扶桑都可互作砧木,互作接穗,但一般以选用春天萌发较早的黑牡丹,醉西施作砧木较好。砧木上盆栽植后,首先要注意培养分枝骨架和造形,从而为嫁接和树形打好基础。先让砧木中、上部的萌发枝自然生长(扶桑多为扦插繁殖,一般没有顶梢),主茎下部5厘     

南亚热带珍稀花卉培育技术研究

通过对适应于文本南亚热带地区的花贲品种的引种，开发和实用快速繁殖技术的研究，收集了４５７个花卉品种，并从形态特征，生物学特性，生态习性等进行了总结；建立了南亚热花贲品种信息管理系统；建成了２１ｈｍ＾２花贲生产示范基地；找出了一条研究开发一体发展的模式，产生较好的经济效益和社会效益。     

红润玉兰的春季嫁接技术

红润玉兰是紫玉兰(Magnolia Liliflora)的芽变新品种，落叶灌木，由于花色红润，花瓣两面紫红而闻名，且1年3月、5月开2次花，2年生苗木即可开花，但由于春季嫁接不易，成活率低而严重影响了其繁殖速度。为了使该园林品种得到快速发展，通过近3a的春季嫁接试验总结出了一套成熟技术。     

红花Ji木品种分类系统

在建立红花Ji木品种资源收集圃的基础上，开展了品种选育历史和遗传稳定性研究；采用二元分类方法，根据品种演化关系和叶形、叶色、毛被、花期、花色、分枝疏密及嫩枝韧皮部、木质部、须根颜色等易于识别的分类特征，编制了品种分类系统检索表，将红花Ji木划分为3大类15个类型41个品种。     

Browsing Damage on Pine (Pinus sylvestris and P. contorta) by a migrating moose (Alces alces) Population in Winter: Relation to Habitat Composition and Road Barriers

In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads.     

Effects of Root Freezing on the Physiology and Growth of Picea glauca,Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana Seedlings Under Different Soil Moisture Regimes

The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage.     

Stand Structure in Pine,Spruce and Deciduous Forests: A Comparison Between Finnish and Russian Karelia

This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland.     

Growth and Terminal Bud Formation in Picea abies Seedlings Grown with Alternating Diurnal Temperature and Different Light Qualities

The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions.     

CAD与建筑设计的关系

本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。     

Natural Regeneration in Clear-cuts: Effects of Scarification,Slash Removal and Clear-cut Age

The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided.     

Risk Perception Among Non-industrial Private Forest Owners

Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken.     

Interactions in decomposition and N mineralization between tropical legume residue components

In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts (stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea, largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols. Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its components are mixed.     

Pasture production and tree growth in a young pine plantation fertilized with inorganic fertilizers and milk sewage in northwestern Spain

The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization, (2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha⁻¹ target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha⁻¹. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea (Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m², with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral systems. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.