生长调节剂对油茶扦插生根效应的影响研究

以‘湘林4号’油茶为试验材料,研究生长调节剂吲哚乙酸(IAA)、吲哚丁酸(IBA)、萘乙酸(NAA)及其不同浓度(50 mg/L、150 mg/L、300 mg/L)对油茶扦插生长的影响。结果表明:生长调节剂IAA、IBA、NAA对油茶扦插生根具有明显的促进作用,且均以浓度150 mg/L的效果最佳。3种生长调节剂中,NAA和IBA的促进作用最强,显著高于IAA。     

不同温度和植物生长调节剂对百日草种子发芽的影响

采用不同温度和50mg/L、100mg/L和200mg/L,3种不同浓度吲哚乙酸(IAA)、吲哚丁酸(IBA)、赤霉素(GA3)对百日草种子发芽进行研究。结果表明:百日草种子萌芽的适宜温度为30℃;3种植物生长调节剂对百日草种子催芽存在差异,赤霉素对百日草种子萌发的促进作用明显优于生长素(IAA和IBA),其适宜浓度分别为200mg/L和50mg/L,且赤霉素的促进作用会随着处理浓度提高而增强,高浓度生长素会抑制百日草种子萌发,处理浓度越大抑制作用越强。     

秋子梨叶片高效再生体系的构建

以秋子梨(Pyrus ussuriensis M.)叶片为外植体,NN69为基本培养基,研究了秋子梨组织培养高效再生体系。结果表明:噻隆(TDZ)对秋子梨叶片不定芽的诱导效果显著高于6-苄基腺嘌呤(6-BA)和激动素(KT),吲哚丁酸(IBA)和吲哚乙酸(IAA)的诱导效果显著高于萘乙酸(NAA)和2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D)。其中,适合秋子梨叶片不定芽再生的最佳培养基为NN69+TDZ 3.0mg/L+IBA 0.3mg/L,再生率和再生芽数分别为100.0%和8.47个;适合秋子梨不定根诱导的最佳培养基为1/2MS+IBA 0.5mg/L,生根率为45.5%,生根条数为2.24条。     

几种常见植物激素对平菇菌丝生长速度的影响

为了研究几种常见植物激素(植物生长调节剂)对平菇菌丝生长的影响,试验在含一定质量浓度的赤霉素(GA3)、吲哚乙酸(IAA)、2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D)、吲哚丁酸(IBA)和6-苄氨基嘌呤(6BA)的固体平板上接种平菇菌丝,并观察其生长.结果表明,五种植物激素未改变平菇菌丝长势,菌丝洁白、浓密,菌落边缘整齐,但却...     

圆头蚊母扦插繁殖试验

将吲哚乙酸、萘乙酸和2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸分别配成500、1 000、1 500和2 000 mg/L4种不同的浓度,于春、夏季对圆条蚊母插条进行促根处理,并以清水为对照,以期寻找提高圆头蚊母扦插成活率的措施.结果表明:3种不同的生根剂及同一生根剂的不同浓度处理枝条后对扦插生根率的影响都存在显著差异.吲哚乙酸(IAA)和萘乙酸(NAA)能提高插条生根率,2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D)则起到抑制作用.以500 mg/L的IAA浸30 s的半硬枝扦插生根率最高,达78％.     

生长素类物质对冬美人叶插的影响

以冬美人叶片为材料,研究不同浓度的萘乙酸(NAA)、吲哚乙酸(IAA)和2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D)3种生长素类物质速蘸处理对冬美人叶片的成活率、平均发芽数以及平均生根条数的影响,筛选最适合冬美人叶插的生长素类物质的种类及其浓度,为冬美人快速繁殖应用于生产提供理论依据。结果表明:IAA浓度为0.5g/L、1g/L处理和NAA浓度为0.25g/L处理的叶片成活率均为100%,0.25g/L NAA处理的叶片平均发芽数以及平均生根条数最高,最适合冬美人叶插的处理为0.25g/L NAA。     

两种植物生长调节剂对杜仲幼苗生长的影响

以杜仲种子为试材,研究了不同浓度萘乙酸(NAA),2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D)处理后对杜仲幼苗生长的影响.结果表明:不同浓度的NAA、2,4-D对杜仲苗生长有不同的影响.在0.0001～1 mg/L的浓度范围内,NAA、2,4-D对杜仲苗茎的伸长及重量都表现出促进作用,但2,4-D的促进效果更显著;对根的影响,2,4-D在浓度升至0.1 mg/L处已显现出显著性抑制作用,而萘乙酸至1mg/L处才表现出抑制,且抑制效果不如2,4-D显著,表现杜仲根的生长对2,4-D更敏感.2种生长调节剂当浓度高至抑制根的生长时(NAA为1mg/L,2,4-D为0.1 mg/L)萌发的侧根数最多.     

基质和植物生长调节剂对阳光玫瑰葡萄硬枝扦插的影响

以阳光玫瑰葡萄1年生休眠枝为试材,分析了不同配方基质和植物生长调节剂对扦插萌芽、生根、生长等的影响。结果表明,在泥炭、椰糠和珍珠岩按不同比例配制的4种基质中,以体积比1∶1∶1和1∶4∶1配制的2种基质综合表现佳。在吲哚丁酸(IBA)、吲哚乙酸(IAA)和萘乙酸(NAA)低(300 mg/L)中(500 mg/L)高(1 000 mg/L)浓度单独或组合处理中,扦插30 d,低浓度IAA、低中高浓度IBA、低中浓度IAA+IBA(IAA 500 mg/L+IBA 300 mg/L和IAA 300 mg/L+IBA 500 mg/L)处理的萌芽率均在90%以上,显著高于清水对照(62.3%),促进插条提早萌发;扦插60 d,低浓度IAA、低中浓度IBA和中浓度NAA处理的成活率(生根率)均在90%以上,且与清水对照无显著差异,生根数最多的是低浓度NAA处理,叶片数最多的是中浓度NAA处理。综合成活率以及各生长指标,扦插苗综合表现较好的是IAA 300 mg/L、IBA 300 mg/L、IBA 500 mg/L和NAA 500 mg/L处理。     

朱槿扦插试验研究

为探明IAA、6-BA、2,4-D和IBA等不同植物生长调节剂对朱槿插枝生根的效应,分别用这4种植物生长调节剂处理朱槿插枝基部12 h(以清水为对照),研究了各处理组朱槿插枝的生长情况.结果表明:不同植物生长调节剂对朱槿扦插生根的影响不同,同一植物生长调节剂的不同浓度对朱槿扦插生根的影响也不同.其中,IAA以400 mg/L的效果最好,6-BA以20 mg/L的效果最好,2,4-D以2 mg/L的效果最好,IBA以400 mg/L的效果最好.     

IAA等对桑树扦插生根的影响

以桑树为试材,研究了IAA、6-BA、2,4-D和IBA等植物生长调节剂对桑树插枝生根的效应,分别用这4种植物生长调节剂处理桑树插枝基部12小时(以清水为对照),研究了各处理组桑树插枝的生长情况。结果表明,不同植物生长调节剂对桑树扦插生根的影响不同,同一植物生长调节剂的不同浓度对桑树扦插生根的影响也不同。其中,IAA以400mg/L的效果最好,6-BA以20mg/L的效果最好,2,4-D以2mg/L的效果最好,IBA以400mg/L的效果最好。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

The effect of exposure on landscape scale soil surface temperatures and species distribution models

Species distribution models (SDMs) often use elevation as a surrogate for temperature or utilise elevation sensitive interpolations from weather stations. These methods may be unsuitable at the landscape scale, especially where there are sparse weather stations, dramatic variations in exposure or low elevational ranges. The goal of this study was to determine whether radiation, moisture or a novel estimate of exposure could improve temperature estimates and SDMs for vegetation on the Illawarra Escarpment, near Sydney, Australia. Forty temperature sensors were placed on the soil surface of an approximately 12,000 ha study site between November 2004 and August 2006. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship with environmental factors. Elevation was correlated more with moderate temperatures (winter maximums, summer minimums, spring and autumn averages) than extreme temperatures (summer maximums, winter minimums). The correlation (r ²) between temperature and environmental factors was improved by up to 0.38 by incorporating exposure, moisture and radiation in the regressions. Summer maximums and winter minimums were predominately determined by exposure to the NW and coastal influences respectively, while exposure to the NE and SW was important during other seasons. These directions correspond with the winds that are most influential in the study area. The improved temperature estimates were used in Generalised Additive Models for 37 plant species. The deviance explained by most models was increased relative to elevation, especially for moist rainforest species. It was concluded that improving the accuracy of seasonal temperature estimates could improve our ability to explain the patchy distribution of many species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.