福建白兔肌肉营养成分分析与评价

为了探讨福建地方家兔肌肉品质特性,对福建白兔的肌肉常规营养成分和氨基酸进行测定,并对其蛋白质营养价值作出评价。结果显示:福建白兔肌肉水分含量为75.84%,粗蛋白质20.50%,粗脂肪2.20%,粗灰粉1.03%,肌肉氨基酸总量为17.62%,必需氨基酸为7.05%,鲜味氨基酸为7.61%。氨基酸评分(AAS)和化学评分(CS)均表明:第一限制性氨基酸是蛋+胱氨酸,第二限制性氨基酸是缬氨酸。研究表明,福建白兔公兔与母兔常规营养成分和氨基酸的含量与组成均无显著性差异,肌肉中粗蛋白含量高,鲜味氨基酸和必需氨基酸含量丰富,营养价值较高,具有较好的食用价值。     

仙湖3号鸭肉质特性比较分析

试验对49日龄公母各半的仙湖3号鸭进行了不同性别、系别以及部位间肌肉品质的比较分析,测定指标包括贮存损失、熟肉率、pH值、水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分、钙、磷含量、肌纤维直径,结果表明:①水分和干物质含量系别间有极显著差异(P<0.01),其他化学指标以及加工特性指标差异不显著。②性别间腿肌肌纤维直径、胸肌肌纤维长短轴比存在显著差异(0.01≤P<0.05),公鸭的胸肌比母鸭细,但母鸭的腿肌却比公鸭细;部位间肌纤维直径胸腿肌间的差异极显著(P<0.01),胸肌优于腿肌。系别间胸肌肌纤维长短轴比有显著差异(0.01≤P<0.05),A系优于B系。总体看来肉质母鸭略优于公鸭,父系优于母系,胸肌优于腿肌。     

深县猪肉质及营养价值分析

本研究选择国外猪种杜洛克和中国地方猪深县猪体重 95 kg 的阉割公猪各 5 头,比较 2 个猪品种背最长肌之间肉质、氨基酸、脂肪酸和微量元素的差异。结果表明:杜洛克猪的肌内水分、肉色、大理石纹、滴水损失、粗蛋白质和脂肪含量低于深县猪(P<0.01);杜洛克猪背最长肌中谷氨酸、天冬氨酸、精氨酸、组氨酸、丝氨酸、脯氨酸、甘氨酸、苏氨酸、半光氨酸、丙氨酸、缬氨酸、苯丙氨酸、异亮氨酸、酪氨酸、亮氨酸、呈味氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸和总氨基酸含量低于深县猪(P<0.01);杜洛克猪背最长肌的饱和脂肪酸含量棕榈酸、豆蔻酸、硬脂酸和花生四烯酸多不饱和脂肪酸亚油酸和亚麻酸低于深县猪(P<0.01);单不饱和脂肪酸棕榈油酸含量低于深县猪(P<0.01),而油酸没有显著性差异;杜洛克猪背最长肌中微量元素钾、锶、铜、锌、硅和铬含量均低于深县猪(P<0.01),镍差异显著(P<0.05)。结果显示,中国地方猪深县猪在肉质及营养价值方面优于瘦肉型的杜洛克猪,为深县猪的品种资源保护和肉产品的开发利用提供依据。     

生物饲料对不同品种肉牛肉质的影响分析

牛肉具有高蛋白质,低脂肪,含磷脂多、胆固醇少,肌肉纤维细嫩、柔软,风味独特等优点。随着人们生活水平的提高和膳食结构的改变,牛肉消费量也持续增加,为牛肉生产带来了难得的发展机遇。试验研究相同饲养管理条件下,生物饲料对不同品种肉牛肉中屠宰性能和常规营养成分的影响,证明安格斯公牛在胴体重、屠宰率、净肉重、净肉率和胴体产肉率相比西杂牛更高(P<0.05);而水分、粗脂肪、粗蛋白含量也存在较大差异(P<0.05)。这能够为提高肉牛的肉质提供科学的依据,在肉牛生产中具有重要的实践指导意义。     

A Comparative Study on the Carcass and Meat Quality Traits of Jiangquan Black Pig and DLY Pig

To further understand the germplasm characteristics of Jiangquan Black pig,100 kg Jiangquan Black pigs (10 barrows, 10 sows) and 10 Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire (DLY) pigs under the same conditions were randomly selected to analyse the slaughter performance and meat quality according to related rules. After slaughtered,the carcass index (carcass weight, loin muscle area, carcass length and backfat thickness etc), meat quality physical indicators (pH, meat color, marbling, drip loss etc), gerneral chemical index (the contents of crude protein, intramuscular fat, moisture and ash etc) and the proportion of amino acids in Jiangquan Black pig were analyzed. The results showed that, Jiangquan Black pig carcass lean meat rate was relatively low, the loin muscle area was reduced by about 30% (P<0.05) compared with DLY pig, while the backfat thickness was higher than that of DLY pig (P<0.05). The meat color, marbling, drip loss, cooking loss, water loss rate index and intramuscular fat content of Jiangquan Black pig were significantly better than that of DLY pigs (P<0.05), the rate of water loss and drip loss and cooking loss were decreased by 4.0%, 3.1% and 2.7%, intramuscular fat content increased by 150.0%. Therefore, The lean yield of Jiangquan Black pig was less than DLY pig, but water retention property, intramuscular fat content, meat color, marbling, meat quality indexes were significantly better than that of DLY pig. In conclusion, Jiangquan Black pig could provide good quality pork for consumers.     

Characteristics of Biceps femoris and Longissimus thoracis muscles of five cattle breeds grown in a feedlot system

Our experiment was conducted to study physical quality and chemical composition of meat of Angus (A), Hereford (H), Friesian Holstein (FH), Australian Commercial Cross (ACC) and Murray Grey (MG) cattle breeds grown in a feedlot system. Significant differences were observed among five cattle breeds for cooking loss, tenderness, fatty acid composition, collagen and cholesterol content of meat. However, pH, water‐holding capacity, water, ash, fat and crude protein contents were not different. Cholesterol content of meat of A and FH was lower (P < 0.01) than that of H, ACC and MG. Acidity (pH), cooking loss, shear force, water, ash, crude protein, collagen and cholesterol content of Biceps femoris muscle were higher than those of Longissimus thoracis muscle, but water‐holding capacity and fat content were lower. Unsaturated fatty acid content of Biceps femoris muscle was higher (P < 0.01) than that of Longissimus thoracis. In conclusion, the differences among cattle breeds had a great effect on cooking loss, shear force, collagen, fatty acid composition and cholesterol of meat, but had little effect on water‐holding capacity, pH and proximate composition of meat. The meat of Hereford cattle was the best quality, because of the lowest shear force, cooking loss and collagen. Longissimus thoracis muscle was relatively better in cooking loss, tenderness and collagen content than Biceps femoris muscle.     

江泉黑猪与杜长大三元杂交猪屠宰性能及肉质性状比较分析

为了解江泉黑猪的产肉和肉质特性,本试验选取在相同条件下饲养的100 kg左右的江泉黑猪阉公猪、母猪和杜长大三元杂交猪各10头按照相关规定进行屠宰和肉品质测定。对两种猪胴体指标（胴体重、胴体长、眼肌面积、背膘厚等）、肉质的物理指标（pH、肉色、大理石纹、滴水损失等）、常规化学指标（粗蛋白质、肌内脂肪、水分、灰分含量等）及江泉黑猪氨基酸含量进行了测定。结果表明,与杜长大三元杂交猪相比,江泉黑猪胴体瘦肉率较低,眼肌面积降低了30%左右（P<0.05）,而胴体背膘厚较高（P<0.05）。江泉黑猪在肉色、大理石纹、滴水损失、失水率、烹饪损失和肌内脂肪含量等指标上均显著优于杜长大三元杂交猪（P<0.05）,其中滴水损失、失水率和烹饪损失分别降低了约4.0%、3.1%和2.7%,肌内脂肪含量提高了约150.0%。由此可见,江泉黑猪在瘦肉产量上低于杜长大三元杂交猪,但在保水性、肌内脂肪含量、肉色、大理石纹等肉质指标上明显优于杜长大三元杂交猪,可为消费者提供品质优良的猪肉。     

补饲精料对西藏彭波半细毛羊羊肉品质的影响

本试验旨在研究补饲精料对西藏彭波半细毛羊羊肉品质的影响。选择30只成年彭波半细毛羊母羊,按照同质原则随机分为3组:放牧不补饲(对照,G1)组、补饲精料200 g/d(G2)组、补饲精料400 g/d(G3)组,每组10只。每天19:30补饲,正试期75 d。正试期结束屠宰,采集背最长肌测定营养物质含量和组织结构特征。结果表明:高水平补饲精料提高了母羊总干物质采食量,G3组平均日增重显著高于G1、G2组(P0.05);补饲精料对羊肉p H1 h、p H24 h、滴水损失及水分和粗灰分含量无显著影响(P0.05),但G3组的熟肉率,粗蛋白质、肌内脂肪含量,肌纤维密度显著高于G1组(P0.05);G2、G3组羊肉总氨基酸、必需氨基酸和天冬氨酸含量显著高于G1组(P0.05),G3组苯丙氨酸、赖氨酸含量显著高于G1组(P0.05),G3组苏氨酸、谷氨酸含量有高于G1组的趋势(0.05≤P0.10);补饲精料对羊肉饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸含量没有显著影响(P0.05),G3组C18∶1 trans-9含量有低于G1组的趋势(0.05≤P0.10)。上述结果表明,补饲精料能显著提高彭波半细毛羊羊肉营养价值,改善肉质嫩度,每只补饲400 g/d优于200 g/d。     

西藏阿旺绵羊羊肉品质分析

为进一步研究阿旺绵羊在高原环境下生长的羊肉品质,结合西藏本地其他类群羊肉进行对比研究。经现场和实验室对肉品质进行测定,并与多玛绵羊羊肉品质进行了肉质常规营养和氨基酸含量分析对比。结果表明,阿旺绵羊羊肉中的8种必需氨基酸总体含量都比较高,总氨基酸含量为20.68 g/100 g,其中,必需氨基酸总量为8.75 g/100 g,占氨基酸总量的42.31%,非必需氨基酸总量为11.93 g/100 g,占氨基酸总量的57.69%,阿旺绵羊羊肉中的蛋白质含量平均为22.01%,胆固醇含量为每100 g肉中含30.81 mg,阿旺绵羊羊肉中水分含量达到73.03%,阿旺绵羊羊肉中的脂肪含量平均为3.19 g/100 g,且矿物质含量丰富。     

发酵扶正解毒口服液对肉鸡生产性能、免疫指标及肉品质的影响

本研究旨在探索发酵扶正解毒口服液对肉鸡生产性能、免疫指标及肉品质的影响。利用单因子试验方法,选取1日龄健康肉鸡90只,随机分为3组,分别为：对照组、Ⅰ组（未发酵制剂）和Ⅱ组（发酵制剂）,每组3个重复,每个重复10只鸡。于试验的第21、42日龄测定肉鸡的生长性能和免疫器官发育情况,42日龄测定肉品质。结果显示,与对照组相比,1~42日龄,Ⅰ、Ⅱ组平均日增重分别提高了8.09%和13.76%（P<0.05）,料重比分别降低了2.23%和10.27%（P<0.05）。21、42日龄,Ⅰ、Ⅱ组脾脏指数比对照组分别提高了9.09%（P>0.05）和15.15%（P<0.05）、34.38%和53.13%（P<0.05）,法氏囊指数比对照组分别提高了1.22%（P>0.05）和20.41%（P<0.05）、8.72%和18.97%（P<0.05）,肝脏指数比对照组均有提高;42日龄,Ⅰ、Ⅱ组胸肌的水分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪含量、红度（a^*值）、肌苷酸分别比对照组提高了0.57%和2.10%（P<0.05）、1.61%（P>0.05）和4.25%（P<0.05）、49.89%和43.85%（P>0.05）、7.88%和58.62%（P>0.05）、24.50%和31.13%（P<0.05）,胸肌的滴水损失、黄度（b^*值）分别比对照组降低了21.91%和32.24%（P<0.05）、4.55%和21.73%（P>0.05）,Ⅱ组腿肌的肌肉水分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和肌苷酸含量均比Ⅰ组和对照组显著提高（P<0.05）,滴水损失显著下降（P<0.05）,a^*值均高于Ⅰ组和对照组,亮度（L^*值）、b^*值均低于Ⅰ组和对照组。结果表明,发酵扶正解毒口服液能够显著提高肉鸡生长性能和免疫指标,且能改善其肉品质。     

放牧与舍饲饲养方式对小尾寒羊肉品质的影响

本研究旨在探讨放牧和舍饲两种饲养方式对小尾寒羊肉品质的影响。将100只2月龄雄性断奶羔羊随机分为放牧组与舍饲组,至8月龄进行屠宰,比较两组羔羊肉的营养成分、氨基酸含量、肉色、pH、嫩度及产肉性能。结果表明,放牧组羊肉粗蛋白和水分含量显著高于舍饲组羊肉（P<0.05）。舍饲组羊肉干物质显著高于放牧羊肉（P<0.05）,粗脂肪极显著高于放牧组羊肉（P<0.01）。舍饲组羊肉蛋氨酸、天冬氨酸和丝氨酸含量显著高于放牧组羊肉（P<0.05）,苏氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸、谷氨酸和组氨酸含量均极显著高于放牧组羊肉（P<0.01）,必需氨基酸总量、非必需氨基酸总量和氨基酸总量也极显著高于放牧组羊肉（P<0.01）。放牧组羔羊背最长肌黄度值（b^*）和亮度值（L^*）极显著高于舍饲组（P<0.01）,肌纤维直径极显著低于舍饲组（P<0.01）,肌纤维密度极显著高于舍饲组（P<0.01）。舍饲组羊肉熟肉率极显著高于放牧组（P<0.01）,眼肌面积极显著大于放牧组（P<0.01）。综上所述,放牧饲养的羔羊其肉蛋白质含量较高,脂肪含量较低,肌纤维特性较好,舍饲饲养的羔羊其肉脂肪含量和氨基酸含量较高,肉色和产肉性能较好,生产中可结合两种饲养方式平衡养殖。     

德化黑鸡的肌肉品质分析

对150日龄、180日龄的德化黑鸡肌肉的肉品质指标(肉色、失水率、嫩度、pH值、水分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、肌苷酸、脂肪酸、肌纤维直径、肌纤维密度、黑色素)进行了测定。通过对德化黑鸡肉品质客观指标的综合分析,德化黑鸡具有市场需求的优良肉质和风味。     

陇东黑山羊肉品质及脂肪酸特征研究

为分析陇东黑山羊肉品质及脂肪酸特性,本研究在庆阳市随机选取3只12月龄陇东黑山羊公羊,测定其肉品质、营养成分和肌内脂肪酸。结果表明:背最长肌的pH在5.67～6.22,属于鲜肉的正常范围,剪切力为71.74 N,熟肉率为56.37%,肉色评分为3.33;背最长肌的水分含量(73.82%)高于前腿肌和后腿肌(P<0.05),背最长肌和前腿肌中的粗脂肪含量高于后腿肌(P<0.05),粗灰分和粗蛋白质含量在3个肌肉组织中差异均不显著;3个肌肉组织中单不饱和脂肪酸含量高于多不饱和脂肪酸(P<0.05),其中背最长肌中的油酸(C18:1n9c)含量为27.00%;多不饱和脂肪酸与饱和脂肪酸的比值(PUFA/SFA)在背最长肌中的含量为0.33。综合分析,胴体不同部位间营养成分和脂肪酸的组成及含量有一定差异性,背最长肌肉质最优,具有较好的食用价值和生产高档羊肉产品的潜力。     

不同规格管角螺肌肉营养成分分析

本研究旨在比较不同规格管角螺腹足部肌肉的营养成分含量。以体重为50、100、200、300和400 g 5种规格的管角螺为研究对象,比较分析其肌肉中水分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、灰分、矿物质、氨基酸和脂肪酸的差异。结果表明:不同规格管角螺肌肉中粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和水分含量差异显著(P<0.05),灰分含量无显著差异(P>0.05),其中400 g组管角螺肌肉粗蛋白质和粗脂肪含量最高,分别为70.00%和5.63%,而50 g组最低,分别为56.21%和2.17%。对矿物质分析发现,常量元素中钾含量最高,微量元素中铁含量最高,300 g组各种矿物质含量均显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。氨基酸分析结果表明,谷氨酸、甘氨酸、天门冬氨酸和精氨酸含量最高,胱氨酸含量最低;300 g组肌肉氨基酸总量和必需氨基酸含量最高,分别达到了186.91和80.71 mg/g,200 g组呈味氨基酸的含量最高,为82.70 mg/g。脂肪酸分析结果表明,不饱和脂肪酸的总量达到了63.50%～66.13%;C20:5(EPA)和C22:6(DHA)的含量分别为5.38%～6.21%和15.03%～16.06%。     

Effect of local diets on nutritional and sensory quality of meat of indigenous goats in Tunisian arid regions

The valorization of natural resources in small ruminants feeding can reduce the cost of feed and produce good meat quality. The objective was to evaluate the effects of local feed resources on the physico‐chemical aspects, the sensorial characteristics and the fatty acid profile of goat kid's meat. Twenty‐six kids are divided in three groups (average body weight = 15.85 kg; age = 4 months). The groups received oat hay (group control C), dried olive leaves + dried Stipa tenacissima (group OL) or grass hay (group Ko). The animals were slaughtered after 90 days of experience, with an approximate final live weight of 18.5 kg. Total solids, pH, fat, crude protein, vitamin, cholesterol and fatty acid contents of meat were determined. The OL group had the highest ultimate pH (6.82 vs. 6.73); cooking loss, gross composition (total solids, protein and fat), cholesterol and colour coordinates (L, a* and b*) were similar among groups. The vitamin E, affected by diet, was higher in group OL than the other groups (3.71 mg/kg vs. 1.32 and 2.17 mg/kg, respectively, for C and Ko groups). Moreover, meat from this group showed the highest saturated fatty acid. Unsaturated fatty acids content was higher in the meat of C and Ko groups. On the other side, polyunsaturated fatty acid level was not affected by the diet treatment. The n6/n3 ratio was significantly affected by the diet; it was lower in meat of groups Ko and OL (3.17 and 3.38 respectively). The feeding effect on sensory quality of meat was not significant.     

The Meat Quality and Characteristics of Baixi Pig×Turok Hybrid F1 Generation

To explore the changes in body size indexes,carcass traits and meat quality of Baixi pig×Turok hybrids F1 (DBF1),16 Baixi pigs and 6 DBF1 pigs which were health and 10 months old were chosen for determining the body size indexes,slaughter performance and meat quality. The results showed that there was no significant difference of body size indexes between Baixi pig and DBF1 pigs (P>0.05).The eye muscle area (28.33 cm²),meat color (3.00),marbling (3.50) of DBF1 pigs kept a good level,while the unsaturated fatty acid content (64.33%),the intramuscular fat content (4.08%) and leg to buttock ratio (31.32%) were increased, back fat thickness (24.69%),total flavor amino acid amount (48.46%) were significantly or extremely significantly decreased (P<0.05;P<0.01),and the muscle tenderness,water retention capacity were significantly reduced (P<0.05). In conclusion,the DBF1 pigs could maintain the good meat performance,sensory index and tender degree of muscle,improve the hindquarters meat performance,lean meat and the intramuscular fat contents,but the muscle tenderness,nutritional value, freshness and water retention capacity were declined.     

含水量和乳酸菌制剂对狗尾草发酵品质的影响

研究含水量(30%、35%和40%)和乳酸菌制剂添加量(3%、6%、9%和12%)对成熟期狗尾草(Setariaviridis(L.)Beauv.干草发酵品质的影响。结果表明,在含水量30%条件下添加乳酸菌制剂显著降低粗蛋白质含量(P<0.05);含水量35%和40%条件下添加乳酸菌制剂显著降低粗纤维和中性洗涤纤维含量(P<0.05);随着含水量的升高pH值趋于降低,乳酸、丁酸产量趋于增加;含水量和乳酸菌制剂对pH值、乳酸产量以及乳酸菌数量具有显著的互作效应(P<0.05);在含水量30%-40%条件下,添加乳酸菌制剂3%-12%,各处理组的发酵品质均为优或良。     

白洗猪与杜洛克猪杂交F1代猪肉品质特性研究

为探究白洗猪与杜洛克猪杂交后代体尺指标、胴体性状及肉品质变化,本试验选择10月龄健康白洗猪16头、白洗猪×杜洛克猪杂交F1代（DBF1）6头测定其体尺指标、屠宰性能及肉品质性状。结果显示,DBF1猪各项体尺指标与白洗猪相比差异不显著（P>0.05）,眼肌面积（28.33 cm²）、肉色（3.00）、大理石纹（3.50）依然保持在较好水平,不饱和脂肪酸含量（64.33%）、肌内脂肪含量（4.08%）与腿臀比（31.32%）均有所上调,背膘厚（24.69 mm）、鲜味氨基酸总量（48.46%）显著或极显著下降（P<0.05;P<0.01）,肌肉嫩度及保水能力显著降低（P<0.05）。白洗猪与杜洛克猪杂交后,可在保持其良好的产肉性能、较好的肌肉感官指标和肌纤维嫩度等情况下,提高其后躯载肉性能、瘦肉率及氨基酸种类等,但杂交后肌肉嫩度、营养价值、鲜味、保水能力等方面有所下降。     

日粮添加海藻对肉牛生长性能和肉品质的影响

文章旨在评估海藻在肉牛上的应用,研究其对肉牛生长性能、血清生化和肉品质的影响。试验选择平均初始体重为（600.09±1.73）kg的荷斯坦肉牛16头,随机分为2组,每组4个重复,每个重复2头。对照组饲喂以玉米和青贮玉米为主的日粮,处理组饲喂与对照组营养水平相近的日粮,但日粮中添加15?g/kg海藻粉。试验共进行20周。结果：在20周饲养试验中,日粮添加海藻对肉牛末重和平均日采食量无显著影响（P＞0.05）,但与对照组相比,海藻组肉牛的平均日增重显著提高3.18%（P＜0.05）,同时料重比显著降低4.25%（P＜0.05）。与对照组相比,海藻组血清IgG浓度显著提高27.15%（P＜0.05）,而丙二醛（MDA）含量显著降低51.03%（P＜0.05）。对照组与处理组对肉牛胴体重、屠宰率及背最长肌水分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪含量的影响无显著差异（P＞0.05）。对照组背最长肌粗灰分和胆固醇含量较海藻组分别显著提高10.84%和28.30%（P＜0.05）。结论：在本研究条件下,育肥期肉牛日粮中添加15?g/kg海藻可以改善日增重、料重比及血清抗氧化功能,同时降低了肌肉粗灰分和胆固醇含量。 [关键词]海藻;肉牛;生长性能;肉品质     

五河野生大豆种子营养成分及饲用价值研究

采用田间试验和分析测试研究了安徽五河野生大豆种子的主要营养成分和饲用价值。结果表明,五河野生大豆营养丰富;蛋白质含量为38.92%,脂肪含量为16.94%,粗纤维含量为4.1%,总糖含量为10.14%,钙、镁的含量分别为0.357%和0.059%,总异黄酮的含量为0.13%,总游离氨基酸含量为960.2 mg/100 g粗蛋白,微量元素锌、铜的含量分别为37.3 和41.4 mg/kg。 五河野生大豆的粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量和普通大豆接近。13种脂肪酸中以亚油酸、油酸含量较高,且与普通大豆相当,亚麻酸含量高于普通大豆;17种氨基酸中以酪氨酸、天门冬氨酸、谷氨酸含量较高,其限制氨基酸为色氨酸、苏氨酸、胱氨酸。五河野生大豆种子具有较好的饲用价值,可以作为优质蛋白质饲料加以开发利用。