两种不同方法处理牛分离精子对体外受精效果的影响

本试验旨在探讨采用2种不同方法处理牛分离精子对精子活力、浓度及体外受精（IVF）效果的影响。将体外培养成熟卵母细胞随机分为2组,与分别用洗涤法和Percoll法处理牛分离精子进行IVF,并观察处理后各组的精子活率、浓度和IVF后囊胚发育率。结果显示,洗涤法和Percoll法处理后精子活力和IVF后的囊胚发育率均无显著差异,但采用洗涤法处理后分离精子浓度极显著高于Percoll法,可显著提高分离精子利用效率,且方法简便、经济,应优先选择使用。     

蛋鸡复合饲料添加剂的筛选

试验选择756羽开产50周龄左右的罗曼褐壳蛋鸡,随机分为7组,试验1组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;试验2组饲喂基础日粮+中草药(0.04%);试验3组饲喂基础日粮+中草药(0.04%)+酶制剂(0.01%);试验4组饲喂基础日粮+中草药(0.04%)+酶制剂(0.01%)+抗菌肽(0.1%);试验5组饲喂基础日粮+益生菌(2‰);试验6组饲喂基础日粮+益生菌(2‰)+酶制剂(0.01%);试验7组饲喂基础日粮+益生菌(2‰)+酶制剂(0.01%)+抗菌肽(0.1%)。结果表明,以试验4组效果最好,显著提高了产蛋率(P<0.05),降低了料蛋比(P<0.05),极显著提高了鸡蛋哈氏单位(P<0.01)。同时,与其他试验组相比,试验4组氨基酸总量最高,胆固醇含量最低。因此,推荐在蛋鸡日粮中添加中草药+酶制剂+抗菌肽组合对蛋鸡产蛋性能及蛋品质具有较好的效果。     

科尔沁区天然打草场植被特征对刈割频次的响应

科尔沁沙化草原区是半干旱天然打草场的重要分布区,针对该区域的草场现状,采用随机区组的试验方法,对科尔沁区天然打草场不同刈割频次下的草地植被特征展开研究。结果表明,刈割频次不同,群落结构和生物量均发生了显著变化,刈割2次处理下的羊草生物量在群落总生物量中所占的比例明显减少,比刈割1次的减少了23.87%;而一年生牧草虎尾草和苣荬菜在刈割2次处理下的生物量比刈割1次的分别增加了14.17%和12.98%;从产草量来看,刈割1次处理下的干草产量略高于刈割2次处理,而鲜草产量是刈割2次处理较高;经济效益分析结果是刈割1次处理的净收入高于刈割2次处理,高出403.10元/hm2。由此可以看出,刈割2次处理减少了群落中的多年生牧草数量,促进了一年生牧草的繁殖,并且投入较高,因此,在科尔沁地区的天然打草场,1年刈割1次更有利于植物群落结构的稳定、更新和生物量的增加。     

Treatment of feline hyperthyroidism with radioactive iodine-131

Feline hyperthyroidism can be treated by thyroidectomy, antithyroid drugs, or radioactive iodine-131 (131I). The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the treatment of 83 hyperthyroid cats with 131I The dosage of 131I ranged from 4 to 6 milliCurie (mCi). Blood samples for determination of plasma concentrations of total thyroxine (TT4), urea, and creatinine were collected before, ten days after, and several months after treatment. In addition, arterial blood pressure was measured before and ten days after treatment. The median plasma TT4 concentration ten days after 131I treatment (27 nmol/L, 64 cats) was significantly lower than that before treatment (123 nmol/L). The median plasma TT4 concentration several months after 131I treatment was 22,5 nmol/L (40 cats). Ten days and several months after 131I treatment, plasma TT4 concentration had decreased below the upper limit of the reference range in 64 (77%) and 72 cats (87%), respectively. In four cats the plasma TT4 concentration had decreased below the lower limit of the reference range, but only two cats had symptoms of hypothyroidism. Plasma urea and creatinine concentrations were not increased ten days after 131I treatment, but the median plasma creatinine concentration was significantly higher several months after treatment when compared with before 131I treatment. Before treatment in 28 cats a high arterial blood pressure (> 180 mmHg) was measured, whereas after treatment in 25 cats a high arterial blood pressure was measured. The results of this study indicate that 131I treatment is an effective therapy in most cats with hyperthyroidism.     

不同饲喂方式对育肥水牛胴体特征和肉品质的影响

文章旨在研究不同饲喂方式对育肥水牛生长性能、胴体特征、肉品质及抗氧化的影响.试验将36头平均初始体重为(207.67±12.81)kg的水牛随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复3头.处理1组和处理2组水牛采用放牧的形式,即分别在象草及象草与柱花草间作的牧场放牧,处理3组和处理4组饲喂浓缩饲料的同时补充2％和4％的象草,...     

丹参联合奥曲肽对犬急性胰腺炎的临床疗效观察

为探讨丹参注射液联合奥曲肽对犬急性胰腺炎的临床疗效,选取浙江大学附属动物医院2014年7月至2016年7月门诊诊断为犬急性胰腺炎的70例病例,将其分为治疗组和对照组,每组35例。对照组采用奥曲肽进行治疗;治疗组采用奥曲肽联合丹参注射液进行治疗,分析2组治疗后犬特异性胰脂肪酶水平、腹痛缓解时间、治疗时间以及临床综合效果。结果显示,治疗组和对照组的治疗有效率分别为80%和65.7%,两组之间具有显著性差异(P0.05),即治疗组能显著缓解腹痛时间和缩短治疗时间。因此,丹参联合奥曲肽治疗犬急性胰腺炎的临床效果显著优于单独使用奥曲肽,为犬急性胰腺炎的治疗提供一种新的临床方案。     

化学、同步生化复合处理对玉米秸秆营养物质降解率的影响

玉米Zea mays秸秆经11种化学、同步生化对应处理方法处理后,用尼龙袋法测定了干物质(DM)、粗蛋白(CP)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)在滩羊瘤胃内的降解率.结果表明, 同步复合生化处理效果总体上优于化学复合处理, DM降解率最高(生化处理9)为74.25%,比化学处理组(化学复合处理7)降解率53.54%提高了22.47%;粗纤维(CF)降解率最高(生化处理11)为76.92%,比化学处理组(化学复合处理9)降解率65.57%提高了17.31%;ADF降解率最高(生化处理9)为75.12%,比化学处理组(化学复合处理3)降解率38.10%提高了1倍.经综合评价,同步生化复合处理9效果最优.同时说明,化学、生物同步处理对提高秸秆营养物质降解率具有明显效果.     

An epidemic of venereal infection in thoroughbreds

The clinical pattern, bacteriological investigation and subsequent treatment of a serious outbreak of venereal disease in stud farms on both sides of the Irish Sea is described. The consistency with which Bacillus proteus was isolated from infected mares and stallions was remarkable. Prompt treatment with ampicillin, to which the organism was sensitive in vitro, eradicated the disease. No local treatment was applied.     

不同添加剂对薯渣与玉米秸秆混贮饲料发酵品质及牛瘤胃降解率的影响

研究4种不同添加剂对薯渣与玉米秸秆混贮饲料发酵品质以及牛瘤胃降解率的影响,并筛选出适宜的添加剂。试验采用密封塑料桶进行混贮,薯渣和玉米秸秆混贮水分含量控制在70%(混贮比例为1∶2),设置了对照组(CK)、微贮博士组(处理1)、青贮邦组(处理2)、拉巴克思复合添加剂组(处理3)以及亚芯组(处理4)5个处理,每个处理3个重复,贮存期60 d。采用实验室化学分析法及半体内试验测定第60天发酵品质、有氧稳定性、瘤胃降解率。结果表明各处理组和对照组(CK组)的感官评定结果无明显差异;经过发酵品质分析测定,4种添加剂处理均改善了薯渣饲料的发酵品质,其中处理4组的乳酸含量最高(P<0.01),pH和氨态氮含量最低(P<0.05);各添加剂处理均提高了薯渣混贮饲料的有氧稳定性,其中以处理4组效果最佳(P<0.01),有氧稳定时间为162 h,比CK组延长50 h,其次是处理2组(P<0.01)、处理3组(P<0.01),处理1组改善效果不明显;在瘤胃中培养48 h后,处理组干物质(DM)瘤胃降解率显著高于CK组(P<0.05),粗蛋白质(CP)瘤胃降解率极显著高于CK组(P<0.01);处理4组的NDF瘤胃降解率最高,显著高于处理3(P<0.05),但与其他处理组的NDF瘤胃降解率差异不显著(P>0.05);处理4组的ADF瘤胃降解率显著高于3组和CK组(P<0.05),与处理1组和处理2组差异不显著(P>0.05)。处理1组的淀粉瘤胃降解率比CK提高2.83%(P<0.01),其他各处理组间淀粉的牛瘤胃降解率无显著差异(P>0.05)。综上,添加剂处理对薯渣与玉米秸秆混贮饲料的发酵品质、有氧稳定性、瘤胃降解率等均有改善作用,其中以亚芯组处理效果最好。     

Correlation of blood and milk components with the milk yield response to bovine somatotropin in dairy cows

Our aim was to correlate the individual variation in the milk yield response (MYR) of Holstein dairy cows to bovine somatotropin (bST), with changes in milk plasmin and plasminogen activities as well as with plasma hormone and metabolite levels. Thirty-two housed multiparous Holstein cows (90 +/- 3.8 days post partum) received daily subcutaneous injections of saline for 1 week followed by subcutaneous injections of 20 mg/day of bST for 2 weeks. Blood samples were taken at approximately 4h intervals over 24 h at the end of the saline and bST treatment periods. Milk samples were also taken at the end of the saline and bST treatment periods. The difference in milk yield between the saline and the second week of bST treatment (MYR) varied considerably between animals (from -0.2 to +8.6 kg/day, relative to the saline treatment week). Low milk yield before bST treatment was associated with a high MYR. The plasma growth hormone response to treatment was negatively correlated with MYR. Plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 response to treatment was positively correlated with MYR. Furthermore, a high MYR to bST was associated with a lower milk plasminogen level before treatment and a greater reduction in the level of plasminogen in milk following treatment.     

Effects of heat exposure on nutrient digestibility, rumen contraction and hormone secretion in goats

The present study investigated changes in nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, behavior and hormone (growth hormone (GH), insulin and insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1)) secretion among goats (three male goats) in a hot environment (H, 35 ± 1.2°C; relative humidity (RH), 80 ± 7.2%; 13 days), in a thermoneutral environment (T, 20 ± 0.6°C; RH, 80 ± 3.4%; 20 days), and in a thermoneutral environment accompanied by the same restricted diet as provided in the hot environment (TR, 20 ± 0.6°C; RH, 80 ± 3.4%; 20 days). The following results were obtained: rectal temperature and water intake were higher in the H treatment than in the T treatment or TR treatment, while hay consumption was lower. Crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber digestibility was highest in H treatment. The concentrations of acetic acid and butyric acid in the rumen was also highest in the H treatment. Time spent eating in the H treatment was also the highest, followed in order by T treatment and TR treatment. Ruminating time was lower in H treatment than in T treatment or TR treatment, and reposing time was highest in the TR treatment. When eating and ruminating, the amplitude values of the rumen contraction were lowest in the H treatment, as was the frequency of rumen contraction. Excretion of plastic particles was faster in T treatment and TR treatment than H treatment. Heat exposure was associated with world lowered concentrations of total volatile fatty acids and acetic acid in plasma. The plasma glucose concentration was highest in the T treatment, followed in order by TR treatment and H treatment. The plasma GH concentration was lowest in the H treatment, while the plasma insulin was highest in the H treatment. The IGF‐1 concentration was highest in the H treatment, followed in order by T treatment and TR treatment. In conclusion, heat exposure in goats decreased feed intake and rumen contraction, but increased digestibility. However, when goats in a thermoneutral environment received the same restricted feeding as they received in the hot environment, digestibility increased without a change in rumen contraction. Between the H treatment and TR treatment, the changes in digestibility were accomplished by coordinate changes in hormone secretion in order to maintain body homeostasis.     

Amyloidosis in a dog: treatment with dimethylsulfoxide

A dog with hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, and renal amyloidosis was treated with dimethylsulfoxide for 2 years. During a 1-year period, serum albumin concentrations increased to within normal range. The 24-hour urinary protein excretion was 5.7 g before treatment with dimethylsulfoxide. Two years after initiation of treatment, the 24-hour urinary protein excretion was 3.7 g. Removal of a testicle containing a Sertoli cell tumor and treatment of interdigital pyoderma may have been factors in the dog's clinical improvement. The only adverse effect from the dimethylsulfoxide treatment was the characteristic disagreeable odor.     

2种日粮对不同生长阶段乌金猪脂肪组织脂类合成代谢相关基因表达的影响

为探讨不同日粮对乌金猪不同生长阶段脂类合成代谢相关基因表达的影响,试验选取体重约23 kg乌金猪36头,公、母各半,随机分为2个处理组,每个处理组3个重复,每个重复6头。处理1组饲喂乌金猪日粮,处理2组饲喂NRC日粮。分别于30、60和100 kg体重时屠宰,通过Real-time PCR比较研究3个脂肪合成代谢相关基因在脂肪组织中表达的差异。结果显示,体重30 kg时,处理1组脂肪酸合成酶(fatty acid synthase,FAS)的相对表达量显著低于处理2组(P<0.05),60和100 kg时,处理1组FAS基因的相对表达量高于处理2组,60 kg时达到显著水平(P<0.05);在各个体重时,处理1组固醇调节元件结合蛋白1c(sterol regulator element binding protein-1c,SREBP-1c)的相对表达量均高于处理2组,30和60 kg时达到显著水平(P<0.05);在各个体重时,处理1组二酰基甘油酰基转移酶1(diacylglycerol acyltransferase-1,DGAT-1)的相对表达量低于处理2组,100 kg时达到显著水平(P<0.05)。提示,不同日粮调控不同体重乌金猪脂类合成代谢相关基因表达存在着差异。     

A financial analysis of alternative management strategies of cystic follicles

Follicular cysts are a common cause of anestrus in dairy cattle. Administration of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GNRH) are the most common forms of treatment on dairy farms in Michigan. The two treatments, however, differ in costs per unit of treatment, response rates to treatment and intervals from treatment to estrus. A comparative analysis, using decision-tree analysis, was undertaken to determine which of the two treatments was more economical. The value of the animal, response rates to treatment, days to onset of estrus and costs of treatment and examination were incorporated in the computation of expected values. The analysis showed that it is more economical to treat with GNRH than with HCG. Withholding treatment in the hope of obtaining spontaneous recovery is the least economical option. A sensitivity analysis was performed to test how sensitive the treatment strategies are to small changes in selected model parameters.     

蜂针对肺癌合并癌性疼痛患者的疗效观察

观察蜂针联合羟考酮缓释片治疗肺癌合并疼痛与单用羟考酮缓试片临床疗效的比较。选取2017年8月至2018年9月在石家庄市第一医院肿瘤科住院治疗的肺癌癌痛患者78例,随机分为治疗组和对照组各39例。治疗组采用蜂针联合羟考酮缓释片治疗20天,对照组亦治疗20天。结果治疗组有效32例,有效率82.05%;对照组有效15例,有效率61.54%。经X2检验,两组有效率比较有统计学差异(X2=4.05,P<0.05)。治疗组爆发痛次数少于对照组,不良反应发生率低于对照组,生活质量优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:蜂针结合羟考酮缓释片治疗肺癌合并疼痛疗效确切,可以提高患者生存质量,降低不良反应的发生率。     

The effects of early treatment for hindlimb lameness in dairy cows on four commercial UK farms

An 'early threshold' protocol for treating cows within 48h of being detected lame in one or more hind limbs at fortnightly mobility scoring was tested on a randomly selected group of cattle on four commercial dairy farms. The outcomes of the early threshold treatment for first cases of lameness were compared with those of the farmers' conventional approach to treatment. The early threshold schedule resulted in a much shorter time to treatment than the conventional approach, for which the median time from the cow first being scored lame to treatment was 65days. The early threshold group presented with less severe foot lesions and cattle were less likely to be selected for further treatments by the farmer than conventionally treated cows. Early threshold treatment reduced the prevalence of lameness 4weeks after treatment, compared with controls. A clear effect of the early treatment on milk yield was not detected.     

发酵豆粕中大分子蛋白质和肽含量对仔猪小肠绒毛结构的影响

本试验旨在研究豆粕中大分子蛋白质和肽含量对仔猪小肠绒毛结构的影响。采用凝胶过滤色谱技术分析豆粕中大分子蛋白质和肽含量。选取40头断奶仔猪,随机分成4个处理:去皮豆粕处理、发酵豆粕C处理、发酵豆粕E处理和动物蛋白处理。试验期5周。结果表明:去皮豆粕中大分子蛋白质含量约占80%,发酵豆粕中约占50%,甚至降至24%;发酵豆粕中肽含量约占19%,去皮豆粕中仅有2.7%。与去皮豆粕处理相比,发酵豆粕C处理十二指肠绒毛高度显著提高(P0.05),发酵豆粕E、发酵豆粕C处理十二指肠、空肠隐窝深度显著下降(P0.05),发酵豆粕E、发酵豆粕C处理十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度/隐窝深度均显著升高(P0.05)。由此可见,豆粕中大分子蛋白质含量与小肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度呈负相关;发酵豆粕能够在断奶仔猪饲料中使用,并且有效改善断奶仔猪小肠绒毛结构。     

Response of Trypanosoma congolense in goats to single and double treatment with diminazene aceturate.

Diminazene aceturate is one of a limited number of compounds currently marketed for treatment of trypanosomiasis in cattle, sheep and goats. The pharmacokinetics of the compound in goats suggest that double treatment with diminazene aceturate might enhance the compound's therapeutic activity. A study was therefore conducted in goats using two clones of Trypanosoma congolense, IL 3274 and IL 1180, which were previously shown to be resistant and sensitive, respectively, to single treatment with diminazene aceturate. The results indicated that, as compared to single treatment, double treatment with diminazene aceturate at a dose of 7.2 mg kg-1 bodyweight, at either eight or 24 hour intervals, did not greatly enhance the therapeutic activity of the drug. Furthermore, treatment with the same drug dose eliminated infections with T congolense IL 3274 when treatment was administered 24 hours after infected Glossina morsitans centralis had fed, but failed to do so if treatment was delayed until after goats were detected to be parasitaemic. This suggests that failure of T congolense IL 3274 to respond to treatment with diminazene may not be due to drug resistance per se.     

缓释肥料棒对香蕉生长、产量及品质的影响

为了研究缓释肥料棒对香蕉的生长、产量和品质的影响,为缓释肥料棒在香蕉上的应用提供理论基础,本试验设置了常规施肥(CT)、缓释肥料棒(F1)、缓释肥料棒减施20%(F2)和不施肥处理(CK)4个处理,分析了各处理对香蕉株高、茎围、叶片数、养分积累量、产量与品质的影响。结果表明：F1处理的总叶片数较CT处理显著提升6.55%,氮素积累量较CT处理提高了2.36%; F2处理磷、钾的积累量较CT处理显著提高了14.13%,24.40%。与CT处理相比,缓释肥料棒处理能显著增加单株产量16.9%~17.63%,香蕉可食率较CT处理显著提高了6.46%~10.06%,但对香蕉可溶性固形物、可滴定酸和Vc含量无显著影响。因此,综合考虑香蕉生长发育、养分积累、产量、品质以及施肥次数,缓释肥料棒减施20%为供试条件下最优施肥处理。     

蛋鸡小麦型日粮中添加叶黄素对鸡蛋品质的影响

将360只48周龄“尼克红”蛋鸡随机分为5组,每组设3个重复,每个重复24只。试验1组为玉米基础日粮组,试验2组为小麦型基础日粮组（0．10％酶制剂组）,试验3组为0．10％酶制剂组＋0．5％叶黄素添加剂,试验4组为0．10％酶制剂组＋1．0％叶黄素添加剂,试验5组为0．10％酶制剂组＋1．5％叶黄素添加剂。预试期7天,试验期21天。结果表明,添加1．5％的叶黄素添加剂可以显著改善鸡蛋的蛋黄颜色。与小麦对照组相比,蛋黄颜色提高了188．33%（P〈0．05）。与玉米基础日粮组相比,日粮添加1．5%叶黄素添加剂组鸡蛋蛋黄颜色提高了0．82％,但差异不显著（P〉0．05）,添加叶黄素添加剂对鸡蛋的蛋重、蛋比重、蛋形指数影响不大。