芝麻新品种郑芝97C01综合表现及栽培技术

对郑芝97C01综合分析结果表明,郑芝97C01是一个高产、稳产、优质、多抗的芝麻新品种,一般生育期90d左右,单产1200 kg/hm2以上,脂肪含量56.1%,蛋白质含量19.72%,茎点枯病病情指数2.16,枯萎病病情指数1.63,并提出相关的高产栽培技术。     

国品鉴芝麻新品种漯芝21号及配套栽培技术

漯芝21号漯河市农业科学院以漯12为母本,郑芝97C01为父本,通过杂交选育而成的芝麻新品种。2012年9月通过国家农作物新品种鉴定,鉴定编号：国品鉴芝2012001。该品种高产稳产、抗倒、耐渍性好,抗芝麻茎点枯病和枯萎病。适宜在河南、湖北、安徽、江西中部等芝麻主产区推广种植。     

DTOPSIS对芝麻新品种的综合评价

运用DTOPSIS综合评判法,对2002年参加河南省芝麻区试的9个品种进行分析,结果表明:品种平芝15、郑芝97S56具有高产、稳产、抗倒伏等特点。DTOPSIS综合评判法对区域试验参试品种的评判,较以产量为主的方差分析法更为合理。     

运用DTOPSIS法综合评价芝麻新品种

运用DTOPSIS综合评判法,对2002年参加河南省芝麻区试的9个品种进行分析,结果表明：品种平芝15、郑芝97S56具有高产、稳产、抗倒伏等特点。DTOPSIS综合评判法对区域试验参试品种的评判,较以产量为主的方差分析法更为合理。     

芝麻新品种漯芝21号的选育

<正>漯芝21号是漯河市农业科学院以漯12为母本,郑芝97C01为父本杂交选育出的单秆型白芝麻新品种。2009-2011年全国芝麻新品种区域试验中,平均产量1184.15kg/hm~2,比对照豫芝4号增产5.14%。2011年在全国芝麻新品种生产试验中,平均产量1128.00kg/hm~2,比对照豫芝4号增产6.30%,2012年9月通过全国农作物品种鉴定委员会鉴定,鉴定证号为2012-1-115。1选育过程漯芝21号是2001年以抗性好、品质优良的亲本     

国品鉴芝麻品种漯芝21号及配套栽培技术

<正>漯芝21号是漯河市农业科学院2001年以漯12为母本、郑芝97C01为父本通过杂交选育出的单秆型白芝麻品种。该品种高产稳产、抗倒、耐渍性好,抗芝麻茎点枯病和枯萎病。2007-2008年代号G2-1品系在品比试验中表现突出,该品系生长整齐一致,性状稳定,抗倒、耐渍性好,每667m~2平均产82.30kg,较对照     

缓/控释肥料对芝麻生长发育及其产量的影响

通过田间试验研究了氮肥、氮磷肥配施以及缓/控释肥料对国芝二号和郑芝95-8产量、干物质积累和叶绿素含量的影响,试验结果表明：施肥能显著提高芝麻产量,使国芝二号增产9.90%~41.97%,郑芝98-3增产16.00%~42.03%;施用缓/控释肥料处理产量均最高,分别为1695.20kg/hm2和1394.40kg/hm2。施肥使芝麻的千粒重增率分别为13.10%~31.80%和25.47%~29.59%。施用氮肥平均增产12.95%,磷肥平均增产5.86%,缓/控释肥料与等养分量的常规化肥相比平均增产18.90%。施肥能使芝麻株高、叶片数、叶绿素含量、株蒴数、蒴粒数和干物质积累增加,促进了芝麻的生长发育。     

＂郑芝12号＂创国内芝麻高产纪录

在周口市日前召开的芝麻高产稳产新品种现场鉴定会上，河南省农科院培育的“郑芝12号”新品种示范方（千亩）测产结果达每667m2产量179．6公斤，创造了国内芝麻（千亩）连片种植高产新纪录。     

草地早熟禾对立枯丝核菌侵染的生理响应

为探索立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)侵染后草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis L.)的生理响应,以2个对褐斑病抗性不同的草地早熟禾品种‘午夜’和‘蓝孔雀’为材料,在接种立枯丝核菌后,统计了草坪草的发病率和病情指数,并测定分析不同时间点草坪草叶片内的相对电导率值、丙二醛含量、脯氨酸含量、叶绿素含量等生理指标的变化规律。结果表明：与接种前相比,接种后的草叶随着时间的推移,其病情指数、相对电导率、丙二醛和脯氨酸含量都显著增大,而叶绿素含量显著降低。其中,易感病品种‘蓝孔雀’的病情指数、相对电导率、丙二醛和脯氨酸含量的增幅均高于抗病品种‘午夜’,而且前者叶绿素含量的降幅也大于后者。相关分析表明,丙二醛含量、脯氨酸含量和相对电导率与病情指数的变化呈显著正相关,叶绿素含量与病情指数呈显著负相关。     

江淮优良食味高产中熟常规粳稻品种的特征

从103个中熟常规粳稻品种(品系)中,根据不同食味值和产量水平筛选出具有代表性的3种类型(味优高产、味优中产、味中高产),系统比较各类型品质和产量,以探究江淮优质食味与高产协同的品种特征。结果表明,味优高产类型品种加工品质与味中高产类型品种无显著差异。与味中高产类型相比,味优高产类型品种垩白粒率、垩白面积比、垩白度分别高82.06%、56.34%和93.28%,蛋白质含量、直链淀粉含量分别低14.21%、39.78%,胶稠度高8.73%,消减值和回复值分别低282.11%、37.88%。在产量方面,味优高产类型比味优中产类型高26.73%,其高产原因主要是具有较高的每穗粒数和结实率。与味优中产类型相比,味优高产类型单位面积穗数低22.26%,每穗粒数与结实率分别高42.12%、6.18%,成穗率高4.2%,抽穗期与成熟期叶面积指数分别高5.47%、16.94%,叶面积衰减率低7.25%,抽穗至成熟期干物质积累量和积累比例分别高24.07%和15.50%,着粒密度高40.33%。综上所述,味优高产类中熟常规粳稻的特征是,出糙率和整精米率都达国标1级;透明度由3级至5级不等;蛋白质含量在8%左右;直链淀粉含量在10%左右;胶稠度在75 mm以上; RVA谱消减值在-300 cP以下,回复值在600 cP以下。在产量方面其单位面积穗数310万穗hm–2左右,每穗粒数140个左右,抽穗后叶面积指数、干物质积累量与积累比例都能维持较高水平。     

5个木薯品种生理特性与主要农艺性状的研究

对木薯品种西选07、桂垦09-11、辐选01、南植199和华南205的生理特性和主要农艺性状进行比较研究。结果表明,5个木薯品种的叶片叶绿素、蔗糖、可溶性糖含量、农艺性状、产量和淀粉含量有显著差异。西选07块根产量最高,其次是桂垦09-11和辐选01;南植199淀粉含量最高,其次是辐选01和西选07;西选07淀粉产量最高,其次是辐选01和桂垦09-11;西选07单株块根数、块根长、块根粗和块根重最高,其次是桂垦09-11和辐选01;南植199叶片蔗糖和可溶性糖含量最高,其次是西选07和辐选01。叶片蔗糖、可溶性糖含量均与块根淀粉含量呈极显著正相关,可作为高淀粉木薯品种评价的生理指标。淀粉产量综合反映木薯淀粉生产能力,可作为木薯品种品质评价的指标。     

Genotype × environment interaction and identification of dual-season cultivars in chickpea

Genotype-environment (G × E) interaction plays a significant role in the relative expression of different cultivars in different environments. The productivity of chickpea in the Central and West Asia and North Africa (CWANA) region is constrained mainly by terminal drought because it is traditionally cultivated as a spring crop using conserved soil moisture. Studies conducted at the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) have clearly demonstrated that planting chickpea in winter can produce almost twice the yield of the spring crop. This study examined the extent and nature of G × E interaction on the yield of chickpea and identified genotypes that can produce high yields in both seasons. Sixteen sets of genotypes were evaluated in lattice designs at two contrasting locations in Syria and Lebanon in both spring and winter. In the analysis of individual trials, spatial variability was modeled in terms of block structure, linear trend across columns, and auto correlated plot errors. Genotype × season interaction was significant. The best linear unbiased predictor (BLUP) was obtained from individual analyses and adjusted across trials to screen from all the entries. Keeping in view the occurrence of high G × E interaction, and small number of genotypes in individual trials, selection efficiency was kept at a relatively moderate percentage (10%) to cover most of the desirable genotypes. The dual-season lines identified were FLIP98-121C, FLIP97-49C, FLIP97-50C, FLIP97-21C, S95082, FLIP97-17C, FLIP98-56C, and FLIP97-24C for Syria; and FLIP98-90C, FLIP99-37C, FLIP 97-56C, S96026, FLIP97-131C, FLIP 98-21C, FLIP01-63C, FLIP97-93C, and S95082 for Lebanon. We suggest that these genotypes be evaluated in multi-location trials with larger plots to identify the most desirable promising lines suitable for dual-season planting. The approach used in this study can be used to identify dual-season varieties in different target environments.     

温水抽提法制取大米直链淀粉的工艺技术研究

以信阳杂交大米为原料,采用温水浸出抽提法分离纯化制取大米直链淀粉。以直链淀粉的提取率及含量为评价指标,通过对影响大米直链淀粉提取的淀粉乳浆质量分数、抽提温度及抽提时间等因素进行单因素试验和正交试验,优化其生产工艺技术。结果表明,最佳提取工艺条件为淀粉乳浆质量分数4%,抽提温度80℃,抽提时间25 min,在此条件下得到的大米直链淀粉的含量在97%以上,提取率17.47%。该方法提取直链淀粉纯度高、成本低,为进一步开展大米直链淀粉的研究提供了基础数据。     

华南主要露地蔬菜土壤的供氮指标

本文依托测土配方施肥田间试验的数据,开展露地蔬菜土壤供氮指标研究,旨为华南菜田土壤养分丰缺指标体系建设提供参考。以蔬菜不施氮肥处理与完全施肥处理的相对产量的50%、75%、90%和95%为指标,建立华南菜田土壤碱解氮丰缺指标,根据土壤碱解氮含量划分的极缺、缺、中等、高和极高5级水平的土壤供氮指标分别为小于42、42~97、97~164、164~194和大于194 mg?kg-1。针对目前逐渐采用土壤硝态氮作为土壤供氮指标的需求,建立了碱解氮-硝态氮和碱解氮-无机氮的转换方程,分别为：y硝态氮 = 0.4012x碱解氮 - 1.3695和y无机氮= 0.4955x碱解氮 + 2.0736,二者均达到极显著水平。由该方程计算得出,当蔬菜相对产量为50%、75%、90%和95%时,并对所建立的丰缺指标进行不同形态氮的指标值转换。土壤硝态氮的丰缺指标转换值为：11mg?kg-1、34mg?kg-1、66mg?kg-1和82mg?kg-1;无机氮的丰缺指标转换值为：17mg?kg-1、46mg?kg-1、86mg?kg-1和105mg?kg-1。     

Correlated Response to Selection for Protein Yield in Oats After Three Cycles of Recurrent Selection

Three oat (Avena saliva L.) populations (i.e., lines of descent), high grain yield (HG), high protein content (HP), and high protein yield per se (HGP), each developed by three cycles of S, recurrent selection, were evaluated for the effect of selection for groat-protein yield upon other agronomic traits. Selections making up the HG line of descent had high protein yield primarily due to high grain yield, and those selected for HP had high protein yield due to both high protein content and high grain yield. Selection in HGP was on the basis of protein yield per se. Selection caused increases in bundle weight, harvest index, vegetative growth rate, and seed number in all lines of descent. Heading date, plant height, and seed weight were unaffected, whereas groat percentage and test weight were decreased in HP and HGP. Heritabilities were high for heading date, plant height, test weight, and seed weight, moderate for harvest index and bundle weight, and low for groat percentage. Genetic variability generally declined from CO to C3 for all traits. Groat-protein yield and amount of protein per groat increased in all lines of descent. In HG, the increase in groat weight was due primarily to increases in the nonprotein fraction, with groat-protein content actually decreasing. In HGP, groat weight increased due to increases in protein and nonprotein fractions, and groat protein content remained constant. In HP, groat weight and amount of nonprotein per groat decreased, thus increasing groat-protein content. Three cycles of recurrent selection resulted in oat lines with groat-protein yields significantly higher than the highest lines from CO. Utilization of index selection may be desirable to obtain populations of greater breeding value.     

Heterosis in yield, endotoxin expression and some physiological parameters in Bt transgenic cotton

Although heterosis in cotton has been studied for many decades, very little is known about the performance of hybrids derived from Bt transgenic cotton parents. In order to known better the heterosis performance, yield and endotoxin expression in 20 hybrids (F₁) and their Bt transgenic parents were examined from 2002 to 2003 (Experiment 1), and the dynamics of source, sink and their ratios in a well‐performing hybrid H01 were investigated in 2004 and 2005 (Experiment 2). Results in Experiment 1 showed an average mid‐parent heterosis of 21.3% and an over check heterosis of 7.6% in lint yield. Considerable heterosis was also detected in boll numbers, boll size and Bt protein content. Of the 20 hybrids, H01 (K0215 × K643) exhibited the greatest heterosis in yield and Bt protein content in 2002 and 2003, while lint yields of H01 were increased 12.6% and 9.1% in 2004, and 11.7% and 8.9% in 2005, compared with K0215 and K643 in Experiment 2, respectively. Significant heterosis for dry matter accumulation and dry matter allocation to reproductive organs and ratio of fruiting forms/total plant (w/w) were also detected in H01. Sources (leaf area, leaf area index, leaf dry weight per plant and diurnal performance of photosynthesis), sinks (number of fruiting nodes, fruiting forms and dry weight of fruiting forms per plant) and the flow from source to sink were significantly enhanced in H01 relative to its parents. Both total N and Bt protein in H01 were higher than those in its parents. Significant correlation was also found between total N and Bt protein in the main‐stem leaves (R² = 0.877**). It is concluded that there existed considerable heterosis in yield, yield components and endotoxin expression in some Bt transgenic hybrids. Yield advantage of hybrid cotton (F₁) over parents can be attributed to improved source, sink and flow, while the enforced expression of Bt genes in hybrid cotton appeared to be due to the enhanced nitrogen level in plants.