性诱导和黑光灯在甜菜夜蛾和斜纹夜蛾测报上的应用效果比较

在大葱田设置甜菜夜蛾、斜纹夜蛾性诱剂进行成虫诱测,并与黑光灯诱测进行比较。结果表明：性诱剂下的诱测效果明显好于黑光灯,诱蛾总量是黑光灯的5．39～96．71倍,且峰次突出,有蛾天数多,能有效提高两虫监测和预报的准确性。     

婚内强迫性交行为的刑法学分析

婚内强迫性交行为指婚姻关系存续期间,丈夫以暴力、胁迫或者其他手段,违背妻子意志,强迫妻子性交的行为,包括婚内一般强迫性交行为和婚内严重强迫性交行为。婚内强迫性交行为不等同于婚内强迫性行为和婚内强奸。婚内一般强迫性交行为由婚姻法和伦理道德调整;对婚内严重强迫性交行为,刑法可以明确规定为犯罪,罪名可确定为婚内强奸罪,并根据情节的严重程度适用不同的法定刑。     

长白山木本植物性别系统及其生态关联性

植物性别系统影响生态系统组成及种群进化，同时受多种生态因子影响。为了分析长白山木本植物性别系统分布及其生态关联性，本文调查了长白山不同海拔木本植物206种，对其花部特征、果实类型、生活型、传粉特征进行了详细观察与记录。运用卡方检验和多元Logistic回归的方法分析了上述特征与植物性别系统之间的关联性，对比了长白山与其他植物群落木本植物的性别系统的组成，探讨了影响木本植物性别系统组成的因素及其繁殖策略。研究结果表明，长白山木本植物性别系统中51.9%为雌雄同体、18.5%为雌雄同株、29.6%为雌雄异株，随着海拔高度的增加，雌雄同株和雌雄异株的比例增大，雌雄同体植物比例明显高于北美洲温带森林；灌木与雌雄同体植物显著相关，乔木与雌雄同株和雌雄异株植物显著相关；白色大型单花、两侧对称、虫媒传粉、肉果等特征与雌雄同体显著相关，黄绿色小花组成的花序、辐射对称、风媒或泛化传粉方式、干果等特征与雌雄同株与雌雄异株显著相关。长白山木本植物繁育系统组成与植物种系发生有关，又体现了与昆虫多样性变化的协同进化关系。      

高比例种仁杂交亲本的发现对枣树有性杂交育种的重要意义

枣树有性杂交育种存在许多难题,其中大多数枣树品种的种核没有种仁是影响枣树有性杂交育种关键问题。笔者在开展枣树有性杂交育种时,发现了鲜食冬枣和制干金丝小枣具有饱满、高比例的种仁,含种仁率分别为84.71%和50.00%~117.77%。通过冬枣×梨枣有性杂交组合,采集冬枣种子2 160粒,获取杂交实生苗625株,最后复选出主要性状超双亲的子代优良品系60株,综合性状超双亲的子代优良品系6株。该发现对枣树的有性杂交育种有重要意义。     

农民工性亚文化研究——基于珠三角的实地调研分析

基于对珠三角地区东莞、珠海、惠州3市农民工的问卷调查,分析了农民工性文化的独特特征:他们已脱离了传统生殖功能观,将性与爱联系在一起;对性行为的结果有担忧,但对性病的担忧较少,且呈现年龄差异;他们在日常中对性语言的使用较为宽容,但对性越轨行为的宽容局限于婚姻;他们不排斥商业性行为,其性规范体现出了较为宽松特点,且具有群体传染性,通过群体压力稳固化。这要求全社会加强对农民工的关爱,营造一个宽松的性交流氛围。     

非人灵长类性打搅行为研究进展

性打搅行为是指非人灵长类社群内非交配个体对正在发生性行为个体的干扰行为,该行为在非人灵长类中普遍存在,通过综述目前已知的36种非灵长类的性打搅行为的报道,探讨性打搅行为的功能和意义。性打搅行为具有更高度的种间和种内差异,种间的性打搅的方式不同、同时受到社会结构和婚配制度的影响;在种内受到性别、年龄、等级等因素的影响。结合川金丝猴性打搅的研究结果,从性打搅的类型、被打搅的反应、性打搅的功能以及相关假说等方面入手,对非人灵长类性打搅行为进行系统总结,旨在为我国相关领域的研究提供参考,为生殖行为学研究者启发思路,推动本领域的发展。     

克隆乔木黄牛奶树空间点格局分析

常绿小乔木黄牛奶树具有有性繁殖和克隆繁殖两种繁殖方式,对森林更新意义重大.以种群个体空间分布的坐标点图为基础,采用点格局分析法对其不同生境下克隆苗与实生苗的分布格局及其相互关系进行了研究.结果表明,克隆苗和实生苗的密度顺序都是常绿阔叶林竹林针阔混交林,在水肥资源丰富、郁闭度较大(常绿阔叶林和竹林)的生境中,两类苗密度都较大,但克隆苗占优势;在水肥资源贫乏光照较强的生境中,两类苗数量均较低,实生苗占优势.黄牛奶树克隆苗与实生苗在竹林与针阔混交林下以集群分布为特征,常绿阔叶林在小尺度下呈集群分布但随尺度的增大呈现为随机分布;克隆苗与实生苗的关系在密度较小的竹林和针阔混交林为显著正相关,而对于密度较大的常绿阔叶林,小尺度下为正相关,大尺度下则呈负相关.      

现代大学制度视角下的校园性骚扰及其防治

高校性骚扰案偶见报端,引起社会的关注。由于学术权力的渗入和大学特有的组织氛围,以及校园中潜在的性别歧视,校园性骚扰不同于一般性骚扰。主要是由学术权力渗入的学术性骚扰,还有类同于职场的上下级之间的性骚扰以及同事之间的、学生与学生之间的性骚扰。骚扰途径越来越多样,既有面对面的言语挑逗、行为接触,也有利用现代通讯工具和社交软件进行的性骚扰。建议在大学内部治理中加强对校园性骚扰的防治,完善相应的制度建设。     

玉米大斑病菌有性杂交后代的交配型与寄生适合度分化

【目的】了解玉米大斑病菌有性杂交后代交配型和致病性分化情况,明确有性杂交与菌株变异间的关系。【方法】以01-12和01-15为出发菌株,人工诱导玉米大斑病菌的有性后代,获得F1代菌株,再以F1代菌株40和42为亲本,获得有性杂交F2代菌株;对有性后代进行交配型和寄生适合度测定;采用毛细管电泳技术分析不同致病类型菌株的毒素含量。【结果】在室内条件下连续诱导产生玉米大斑病菌的2个有性世代,获得了79个F1代菌株和32个F2代菌株;后代菌株的交配型发生了明显分化,出现了A、a、Aa和中性菌株,其中F1代A、a分离比例明显偏离1﹕1;寄生适合度测定结果表明,F1代和F2代菌株较亲本均发生了寄生适合度分化,其中F1代中较亲本寄生适合度增强的菌株占30.00%,减弱的菌株占50.00%;F2代中较亲本寄生适合度增强的菌株占21.87%,减弱的菌株占31.25%;毛细管电泳结果表明,强致病力菌株的毒性组分含量明显高于弱致病力菌株。【结论】有性杂交是导致菌株交配型及致病性发生分化变异的主要因素之一,菌株的致病力强弱与其毒素含量呈一致关系。     

Neonatal castration: influence on neural organization of sexual reflexes in male rats

Most male rats castrated 4 days after birth and given exogenous testosterone in adulthood were sexually motivated but incapable of completing the mating sequence with an ejaculatory response. When tested for sexual reflexes after spinal transection, these animals displayed impairment of genital responses. Similarly treated 12-day castrates exhibited a complete mating sequence and had normal sexual reflexes. Thus neonatal testicular androgen appears to have an organizational influence at the spinal level on neural tissue mediating sexual reflexes.     

Developmental plasticity in sexual roles of butterfly species drives mutual sexual ornamentation

Current explanations for why sexual ornaments are found in both sexes include genetic correlation, same sex competition, and mutual mate choice. In this study, we report developmental plasticity in mating behavior as induced by temperature during development in the butterfly Bicyclus anynana. Males and females reciprocally change their sexual roles depending on their larval rearing temperatures. This switch is correlated with a change in mating benefits to females and costs to males. The discrete seasonal environments, wet season and dry season, are known to produce the two developmental forms and as a consequence impose alternating, symmetrical patterns of sexual selection, one season on male ornaments, the following season on female ornaments. Thus, reciprocal selection through time may result in mutual sexual ornamentation.     

两种密度条件下阿拉伯婆婆纳营养生长对其有性繁殖的影响

从两种密度的生境中随机采集阿拉伯婆婆纳(V eron ica p ersica)为测试材料,对其营养器官和生殖器官的有关指标(根干重、直立茎干重、匍匐茎干重、果实干重、直立茎长、匍匐茎长、匍匐茎数量、直立茎数量、果实数量等)进行测定,探讨该植物在不同密度条件下营养生长对其有性繁殖的贡献。结果表明:不同密度条件下阿拉伯婆婆纳的营养生长对其有性繁殖产生不同程度的影响,果实干重和果实数与直立茎的资源配置比存在显著差异(P<0.05),高密度条件下只有部分营养器官的生长会显著影响其有性繁殖,而低密度条件下所有营养生长都会对其有性繁殖产生影响。     

Compulsive sexual activity induced by p-chlorophenylalanine in normal and pinealectomized male rats

p-Chlorophenylalanine depletes brain serotonin and induces longlasting sexual excitation in male rats. The effect of p-chlorophenylalanine is potentiated by pargyline. Administration of 5-hydroxytryptophan to rats treated with p-chlorophenylalanine plus pargyline blocks the sexual excitation. p-Chlorophenylalanine also elicits sexual excitation in pinealectomized rats; this effect is not mediated by the lack of indole hormones in the pineal but may be the consequence of depletion of 5-hydroxytryptophan in the brain and the resulting imbalance between 5-hydroxytryptophan and catecholamine activity in the central nervous system.     

玉米大斑病菌有性态研究进展

玉米大斑病是一种严重的叶枯型病害,主要为害玉米叶片、叶鞘和苞叶。该病的病原分为无性态和有性态,有性态学名为Setosphaeria turcica,称玉米大斑刚毛座腔菌,属于异宗配合子囊菌。在自然界中尚未发现有性态的存在,但在实验室中可以诱导有性态的发生。在有性繁殖过程中,会发生遗传物质的重组,产生的杂交后代会出现新的致病小种或者扩大寄主范围。回顾了玉米大斑病菌有性态研究的历史,介绍了交配型鉴定的传统方法,并且得到了用分子生物学方法进行研究的最新结果。     

Sexual selection in males and females

Research on sexual selection shows that the evolution of secondary sexual characters in males and the distribution of sex differences are more complex than was initially suggested but does not undermine our understanding of the evolutionary mechanisms involved. However, the operation of sexual selection in females has still received relatively little attention. Recent studies show that both intrasexual competition between females and male choice of mating partners are common, leading to strong sexual selection in females and, in extreme cases, to reversals in the usual pattern of sex differences in behavior and morphology.     

不同引诱剂对果实蝇诱杀效果对比试验

为筛选经济、增效、低毒的果实蝇引诱剂,在前人开发引进果实蝇诱捕器灭雄技术并取得成效的基础上,使用5种不同处理的引诱剂对果实蝇进行诱杀效果对比试验。结果表明,果实蝇性引诱剂添加蜜糖后形成的混配剂对果实蝇成虫的诱杀效果最好,是一种既经济又增效的复配型引诱剂;在果实蝇性引诱剂中添加酒、醋后也能提高诱杀效果;而在没有果实蝇性引诱剂的作用下,糖醋酒3种混合液对果实蝇诱杀效果极低,可视为一种无效的引诱剂。     

VelB/VeA/LaeA complex coordinates light signal with fungal development and secondary metabolism

Differentiation and secondary metabolism are correlated processes in fungi that respond to light. In Aspergillus nidulans, light inhibits sexual reproduction as well as secondary metabolism. We identified the heterotrimeric velvet complex VelB/VeA/LaeA connecting light-responding developmental regulation and control of secondary metabolism. VeA, which is primarily expressed in the dark, physically interacts with VelB, which is expressed during sexual development. VeA bridges VelB to the nuclear master regulator of secondary metabolism, LaeA. Deletion of either velB or veA results in defects in both sexual fruiting-body formation and the production of secondary metabolites.     

Adaptive plasticity in female mate choice dampens sexual selection on male ornaments in the lark bunting

Theory on the evolution of ornamental male traits by sexual selection assumes consistency in selection over time. Temporal variation in female choice could dampen sexual selection, but scant information exists on the degree to which individual female preferences are flexible. Here we show that in lark buntings sexual selection on male traits varied dramatically across years and, in some cases, exhibited reversals in the direction of selection for a single trait. We show that these shifts are probably because of flexibility in mate choice by individual females and that they parallel shifts in the male traits that predict female reproductive success in a given year. Plasticity in choice and concomitant reversals in mating patterns across time may weaken the strength of sexual selection and could maintain genetic variation underlying multiple sexual ornaments.     

Neuroendocrine response to estrogen and sexual orientation

A neuroendocrine component, the positive estrogen feedback effect, thought to be related to sexual orientation and, indirectly, to sexual differentiation, was evaluated in healthy, noninstitutionalized research volunteers. Men and women with a lifelong heterosexual orientation and men with a lifelong homosexual orientation were administered an estrogen preparation known to enhance the concentration of luteinizing hormone in women but not in men. The secretory pattern of luteinizing hormone in the homosexuals in response to estrogen was intermediate between that of the heterosexual men and that of the women. Furthermore, testosterone was depressed for a significantly longer period in the homosexual men than in the heterosexual men. These findings suggest that biological markers for sexual orientation may exist.     

Heat shock elicits production of sexual inducer in Volvox

In the green alga Volvox carteri, heat shock had an unusual and adaptive effect mediated by induced production of a well-defined effector molecule. Females of this species normally reproduce asexually in the absence of a potent sexual inducer produced by mature sexual males, but they generated egg-bearing sexual daughters after a brief exposure to elevated temperatures. This response involved an "autoinduction" of sexuality, in which heat-shocked somatic cells made and released the sexual inducer, which then redirected development of the reproductive cells. Males, including a sterile mutant incapable of producing inducer in the usual manner, also produced the inducer in response to heat shock. The phenomenon probably is of significance in the wild, where Volvox reproduces asexually in temporary ponds in spring but becomes sexual and produces dormant, overwintering zygotes before the ponds dry up in the summer heat.