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1外湖渔业资源管理存在的主要问题近年来 ,洞庭湖渔业资源衰退日益严重 ,产量下降 ,名贵经济鱼类种群减少 ,冬捕形成不了渔汛 ,究其原因主要有以下几方面。1.1捕捞强度过大有害渔具渔法屡禁不止我市现有专、副业渔民6000余人 ,90 %以上的是害业 ,“布围子”、“电毒炸”等有害渔具、渔法达18种。尤其是电鱼船 ,1996年前全市仅100多艘 ,1999年已达1500~2000艘。这些有害渔具、渔法把“爷孙鱼”一起抓 ,严重破坏了渔业资源的再生能力。1999年5月8日莲花坳村一渔民捕捞一头因伤势过重死亡的中华鲟 ,经专… 相似文献
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渔具渔法对南海北部渔业资源和海洋环境的影响 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
南海是中国最大海区,自然地理环境优越,渔业资源丰富,渔具渔法种类繁多,渔业生产飞速发展。拖网是该海区的主要渔具渔法,其产量占全区海洋渔获量的60%,但它对海洋渔业资源的破坏也是各类渔具之员,幼鱼印低值鱼渔获量占拖网渔获量的70%左右,在虾拖网渔业中,幼鱼和副渔获比例很高,虾鱼之比率为1:2—1:3.4。张网是第二高幼鱼比例(占55%)的渔具。本文叙述了南海区的渔业现状,并着重叙述了拖网、张网和刺网渔具对南海北部渔业资源和海洋环境的影响,同时也提出了一些对策和建议。 相似文献
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目前,世界各渔业国纷纷采用立法手段强化渔业资源的保护和合理开发利用。在渔业法规中,规定了禁渔区、禁渔期、禁止破坏性的渔具渔法作业、限制特定作业的渔具数量以及作业场所和作业时间等等。其中,规定各种网渔具的最小网目尺寸,也是一项重要的措施。 相似文献
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新西兰海域辽阔,渔业资源开发利用有着得天独厚的优势,渔业在新西兰经济中占有重要地位.从渔业资源、渔业类型、渔船数量、捕捞产量、水产品加工与流通、渔业捕捞配额制度及对外合作等方面分析了新西兰渔业发展的现状,并指出了新西兰渔业发展面临着非商业捕捞区渔业资源破坏严重、渔业作业方式对海洋生态造成负面影响、使用的渔具渔法有待改进... 相似文献
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近十余年来,辽宁省的淡水捕捞事业有了很大的发展,各地渔业工作者不仅完善与发展了原有的渔具渔法,而且还不断吸取国内外先进经验,引进和试验了不少新的渔具渔法,从而使我省淡水捕捞的渔具渔法进入了一个新阶段。纵观全省所使用的各种淡水渔具渔法,几乎包括了淡水渔具渔法的全部分。 相似文献
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渔业资源的周期波动,早已引起人们的关注,并作了不少研究。近几年来,随着鱼种交替现象的一再出现,对于渔具渔法以至于在整个渔业上的影响,越来越为人们所重视。为了进行渔况预报和资源保护,更好地按排和指挥渔业生产,研究渔业资源周期波动的机制,在当前是非常必要的。 相似文献
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本文概要介绍了挪威海洋捕捞业和渔船管理状况:2011年,捕捞量230万t,产值159亿挪威克朗(约26.8亿美元);渔民数量12 791人,渔船数量6 252艘;近10年的捕捞量基本稳定,年均捕捞量为250万t,与此同时,渔船和渔民数量则呈持续下降态势,说明挪威渔船的捕捞能力显著增强,捕捞效率明显提升。挪威的渔业管理制度和法规建设比较完善,这为控制捕捞强度、保护海洋渔业资源奠定了法律基础。挪威的经验具有借鉴意义。我国现阶段以实行渔船控制等投入控制制度为主、其他管理方式为辅的渔业资源管理制度,比较符合我国实际。实践证明,减船转产政策是控制捕捞渔船规模和降低海洋捕捞强度行之有效的措施之一。 相似文献
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渔场捕捞强度信息可以为渔业资源评估和管理提供帮助。本研究结合2017年10—11月船舶自动监控系统(AutomaticIdentificationSystem,AIS)信息和同期中国中西太平洋延绳钓渔船捕捞日志数据,通过挖掘延绳钓渔船作业航速和航向特征,建立渔场作业状态识别模型,提取渔场捕捞强度信息。以3~9节为航速阈值和0°~10°及300°~360°为航向阈值,渔船作业状态识别准确率为68.29%。阈值识别和日志记录的捕捞强度信息在空间上相关性很高(0.96),基于AIS信息挖掘的渔船捕捞强度空间分布特征和实际非常相似。阈值识别和日志记录的捕捞强度信息在空间上与单位捕捞努力量渔获量(catch per unite of effort, CPUE)、渔获尾数、渔获重量和投钩数的空间相关系数均大于0.62,基于AIS信息挖掘的渔船空间捕捞强度也可替代用于渔业资源分析。 相似文献
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由于重庆市现行关于禁渔期垂钓管理的法律条款存在可操作性不强的问题,钓鱼者与渔政部门玩起了猫捉老鼠的游戏,禁渔期江边垂钓现象较为普遍,对渔业资源造成较大危害,渔政执法能力和社会公信力受到质疑。为有效减少禁渔期江边垂钓现象,保护产卵亲鱼,重庆市北碚区渔政渔港监督管理站采取用铁丝、绳索拴上石头,做成"绊钩绳"置于河底等方式,对垂钓行为进行阻扰,效果明显,垂钓者要么因钩被牢牢挂住而折断鱼线,要么因渔获物被阻扰物突然阻挡一下而脱钩丢失,使禁渔期间江边垂钓者大为减少。 相似文献
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Global marine wild‐capture landings have remained relatively stable for >20 years; however, there is a lack of credible fishing capacity and effort information required to assess the sustainability and efficiency of the global fleet. As such, we estimated global fishing capacity and effort from 1950 to 2012 using a relatively comprehensive database developed by the FAO, supplemented by other data sources. Using random sampling techniques, we estimated the uncertainty surrounding many of our estimates enabling the identification of deficiencies and limitations. Global fishing capacity and effort increased rapidly from the late 1970s through to around 2010 before stabilizing. The Asian fleet is more than an order of magnitude larger than any other region in both capacity and effort, and continues to increase. Most other regions have stabilized, and there have been considerable declines in Europe and, to a lesser extent, in North America. Developed nations, as a whole, have decreased in both measures in the recent years and are responsible for the stabilization of the global trend. Developing and undeveloped countries are still increasing with the former having the largest fleet and showing the greatest relative increase with the socioeconomic impacts of reversing these trends likely to be high. The efficiency of the global fleet, in terms of watt days of fishing effort per tonnage of wild marine catch, is now less than in 1950 despite the considerable technological advances, and expansion throughout the world's oceans, that has occurred during this period of time. 相似文献
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Temporal changes in fishing motivation among fishing club anglers in the United States 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Responses from freshwater anglers (n = 4287) to a nationwide survey of the US fishing club members were used to assess differences in the importance of 16 fishing motivation items between 1987 and 1997, dates that preceded and followed a period of substantial decline in recreational fishing participation in the US. Comparison of respondents’ motivations for fishing in 1997 and 10 years earlier indicated consistency in the paramount importance of being outdoors, relaxation and the experience of the catch. However, the importance of family recreation and being with friends in 1987 were replaced by escape items in 1997. Anglers with fewer dependents and living in areas with higher population density were more likely to decrease the importance of family recreation. Younger anglers were more likely to decrease the importance of being with friends. Anglers who had higher household income, fished more and had higher fishing expenditures were more likely to decrease the importance of obtaining fish to eat. The results of this study suggest that managers should be less concerned about angler opposition to liberal regulations that allow anglers to harvest fish, and that heightened efforts to recruit and retain recreational anglers, which presently focus on family recreation, should be broadened to include outdoor experience, relaxation and escape aspects of fishing. 相似文献
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桁杆拖虾是20世纪80年代以后迅速发展起来的新兴捕捞作业方式,主要用于开发沿海渔场虾类资源.桁杆拖虾作业方式引进舟山后,迅速成为舟山海洋捕捞业的主要作业方式之一.2013年5-11月通过实地调查,对舟山地区桁杆拖网的捕捞对象、渔具结构、操作方法等进行了分析研究,指出当前舟山桁杆拖虾作业中存在的问题:底杂鱼及蟹类等副渔获物所占比例大,数量和重量占总渔获12.12%和66.58%;使用电脉冲惊虾仪等违法作业仍然存在;网目规格普遍小于国家标准.根据上述问题提出:加装分隔网片,改善网目结构,加大执法力度等相应建议. 相似文献