The effects of short-term recombinant bovine somatotropin treatment on fattening performance,carcass composition and visceral organ weights in karayaka lambs in Turkey

Recombinant bovine somatotropin (bST) was administered s.c. to lambs for 6 weeks to evaluate its effects on fattening performance, carcass composition and visceral organ weights. Twenty male Karayaka lambs were injected with 250 mg bST every two weeks. Body weight, live weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion rate were not affected by treatment. Head, feet, skin, liver, spleen, kidneys, filled and empty gastrointestinal tract, penis, testis, pelvic fat and internal fat weights were similar for the two groups. Lung weight increased by 17.4% (P < 0.01) and weight of heart decreased 22.7% (P < 0.05) in bST treated lambs. The only carcass characteristics that were affected by bST administration were limb muscle which increased from 1331 g to 1417 g (P < 0.05), loin fat which decreased from 275 g to 174 g (P < 0.01), shoulder fat which decreased from 26 g to 13 g (P < 0.01) and total fat/final weight percentage which decreased from 9.8% to 7.6% (P < 0.05). The results of this study show that prolonged release formulation of bST treatment reduces fat tissue, but does not significantly affect fattening performance or weights of visceral organs, muscle and bone.     

不同油脂对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能及肉品质的影响

本试验旨在研究不同油脂对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能及肉品质的影响。选取1日龄罗斯308肉鸡3 600只,随机分为4个处理,每个处理3个重复,每个重复300只,公、母各半。1～7 d,各处理组肉鸡饲喂相同日粮(豆油水平相同);7 d后日粮分别添加相同水平(中期3%和后期5%)的豆油、鸭油、棕榈油、米糠油。试验期37 d。结果表明:各处理组肉鸡各阶段及全期生长性能无显著差异(P>0.05);与豆油组相比,其他油脂有升高全期肉鸡耗料增重比和胸肌率的趋势(P<0.1);各处理组肉鸡胴体出成率无显著差异(P>0.05),但棕榈油组肉鸡胴体出成率最高,腹脂率最低;豆油组鸡胸肌离心损失最大,米糠油组胸肌滴水损失最大,肉品质较差;棕榈油组硫代巴比妥酸值和剪切力最小,且胸肌亮度和黄度较低,肉品质较好。综上所述,日粮中使用豆油有利于改善肉鸡生长性能,使用棕榈油能够提高胴体出成率和胸肌率,降低腹脂沉积,对肉品质有一定的改善作用。     

猪脂肪沉积相关酶基因表达与胴体及肉质性状的相关性研究

为系统筛选对贵州地方猪脂肪沉积具有影响的相关酶基因,本实验以雄性野猪和雌性柯乐猪的F1代杂交猪作为研究对象,采用qRT-PCR方法检测猪背最长肌和皮下脂肪组织PPARγ、LPL、ACC、ATGL基因的mRNA表达水平,并通过Pearson方法分析背最长肌和皮下脂肪组织4个基因mRNA表达水平与胴体及肉质性状间的相关性....     

Effect of sex and feeding system on feed intake, growth, and meat and carcass characteristics of fattening Assaf lambs

The effect of feeding system and sex on intake, growth and carcass and meat characteristics of Assaf fattening lambs was studied. Twenty four weaned Assaf lambs, half males and half females were used. After an adaptation period, lambs were randomly assigned to one of the two feeding systems studied. Control lambs received ad libitum commercial concentrate (70% barley, 22% soybean meal, 4.8% wheat, 0.5% bicarbonate, 2.7% mineral–vitamin premix) and barley straw. Free Choice lambs had ad libitum and separate access to whole barley grain and a protein supplement (73.3% soyabean meal, 16% wheat, 1.7% bicarbonate, 9% mineral–vitamin premix). Lambs were slaughtered at 25 kg LBW. Feed intake was not significantly affected by sex (P > 0.05) but Free Choice lambs showed higher dry mater intake than the Control lambs. Nevertheless, only males from the Free Choice group showed an improvement in feed efficiency rate (P < 0.05) and average daily gain (P < 0.01) relating to the Control lambs. Neither feeding system nor feeding system × sex interaction significantly affected non-carcass weight, fat depots, cold carcass weight, dressing percentage, main proportions of commercial cuts and meat characteristics (P < 0.05). As it was expected, female lambs showed a lower average daily gain and a higher feed conversion efficiency than male lambs (P < 0.001) which was related to a greater fat deposition. Meat characteristics were unaffected by sex, with the exception of longissimus lumborum fat content, which was higher in female lambs.The present results suggest that Free Choice feeding system might be suitable for intensively reared male lambs since improvements in daily weight gain and feed conversion rate were achieved, with no adverse effect on carcass and meat quality. Despite the selected diet of both, males and females, did not differ in the crude protein content, the use of Free Choice feeding system for female lambs did not improve performance compared to the Control group.     

饲喂代乳粉对羔羊生长性能和体组织参数的影响

研究饲喂代乳粉和母羊哺乳对羔羊生长性能和体组织参数的影响。选取18只日龄和体重相近、健康的杂交F1羔羊,随机分成试验组和对照组,每组9只。试验组饲喂代乳粉,对照组随母羊哺乳,饲养时间为90d。称取20、90日龄空腹体重,并于90日龄时每组随机选取4只屠宰,称量胴体、各胃室、小肠各段、内脏器官鲜重。结果表明:与对照组相比,试验组羔羊平均日增重提高18.61%(P0.05);宰前活体重、胴体重分别提高22.28%、32.44%(P0.05),屠宰率提高6.67%(P0.05);复胃总重增加13.25%(P0.05),其中瘤胃鲜重增加25.92%(P0.05),皱胃鲜重提高6.74%(P0.05),网胃和瓣胃鲜重则有降低的趋势;回肠鲜重和长度分别增长75.28%(P0.05)和35.50%(P0.05);肺、肾脏、肝脏和脾脏鲜重提高22.29%、30.10%、28.86%和38.22%(P0.05)。结论:饲喂代乳粉后可提高羔羊生长性能,但对屠宰率无显著影响,可促进其瘤胃的发育,并影响部分内脏器官发育。     

Effects of a high-protein, low-energy diet in finishing lambs: 2. Weight change, organ mass, body composition, carcass traits, fatty acid composition of lean and adipose tissue, and taste panel evaluation

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of a high protein – low energy diet on body composition of feedlot lambs The objective was to assess the capability of such a diet to reduce body fat while preserving lean body mass. Three dietary regimens were compared: a typical feedlot diet (CON), barley straw at libitum (STR), and barley straw supplemented with fish meal (SFM). The latter two diets caused an energy deficit in the experimental animals. Significant treatment effects on mass of metabolic organs, body composition, and carcass data were observed. Conventional analysis of sensory data and fatty acid profiles of adipose and muscle tissue identified few significant dietary effects, yet discriminant analysis clearly separated all treatment groups. It was concluded that protein supplementation of ruminants in the catabolic state does not conserve protein mass. Given the high cost of protein supplementation, the post hoc modification of body composition of feedlot lambs is not a viable option. It is suggested that the production of feedlot lambs with a desirable degree of fatness should employ a feeding strategy dynamically adapted to the changes in protein – energy balance required by the growing ruminant.     

Carcass dissection and commercial meat yield in Piemontese and Belgian Blue double-muscled young bulls

To study the differences in meat yield in hypertrophied cattle, a commercial dissection trial was carried out on 48 carcasses obtained from 24 Piemontese (P: 12 reared with a restricted feeding, P-R, and 12 fed ad libitum, P-L), and 24 Belgian Blue (B: 12 reared with a restricted feeding, BB-R, and 12 fed ad libitum, BB-L) young bulls. The animals were reared under the same environmental condition and slaughtered at the same age and fattening degree. During commercial dissection, the weights of the retail cuts were recorded. Three fore-quarter meat cuts were heavier in P than in BB, while nine meat cuts (two from fore-quarter and seven from hind-quarter), hind-quarter meat and prime quality meat were heavier in BB than in P. Fat weight was higher in BB than in P, whereas meat production as a percentage of carcass side weight was higher in P than in BB. Only one hind-quarter meat cut was heavier in the ad libitum (L) than in the restricted (R) group, whereas meat yield was higher in R than in L. In comparing the meat yield in carcass sides of P-R, P-L, BB-R and BB-L fed young bulls, four meat cuts (one from fore-quarter and three from hind-quarter), hind-quarter, prime quality and 3rd quality meat were heavier in BB-L (P ≤ 0.05), while one shoulder cut and fore-quarter were heavier in P-R group.     

饲喂模式对生长育肥猪胴体品质和脂质代谢的影响

本试验旨在研究饲喂模式对生长育肥猪生长性能、胴体品质和脂质代谢的影响。试验选择48头平均初始体重为(61.4±2.5)kg的杜×长×大三元杂交去势公猪,根据体重按随机区组设计分到自由采食组(自由采食)和限制饲喂频率组(每天饲喂2次)。每个处理8个重复,每个重复3头猪。结果表明:限制饲喂频率组的平均日采食量(ADFI)、平均日增重(ADG)、胴体重、屠宰率和平均背膘厚均显著低于自由采食组(P0.05);饲喂模式对猪肉品质相关指标无显著影响(P0.10);限制饲喂频率组脂肪组织中苹果酸酶(ME)和脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)的活力显著低于自由采食组(P0.05);限制饲喂频率组脂肪组织中FAS和过氧化物酶体增生物激活受体γ(PPARγ)的m RNA表达量显著低于自由采食组(P0.05)。综上分析,限制饲喂频率降低了生长育肥猪的生长性能、胴体品质和脂肪沉积,但对肉品质无显著影响,其中限制饲喂频率主要是通过降低脂肪合成减少脂质沉积。     

二丁酰环腺苷酸对猪胴体组成和肉品质的影响

通过皮下注射和饲料添加不同剂量dbcAMP进行饲养试验 ,研究其对肥育猪胴体组成和肉品质的影响。结果表明 :皮下注射 1.0mg/kg和饲料添加 2 0mg/kg对改善肥育猪的胴体组成和肉品质效果最好 ,眼肌面积分别提高31.99%和 36 .39% (P <0 .0 5 ) ;瘦肉率分别提高 12 .4 2 %和 11.94 % (P <0 .0 5 ) ;背膘厚分别降低 19.95 %和 2 0 .97%(P <0 .0 5 )。肌肉粗蛋白含量分别提高 10 .87%和 16 .5 4 % (P <0 .0 5 )。     

凉山岩鹰鸡屠宰性能及肉质特性分析

选择在果园中散放饲养条件下饲养的154日龄的凉山岩鹰鸡20只,公母各10只进行屠宰性能测定和肉制品质分析。结果表明,活重公鸡极显著地高于母鸡(P<0.01);公母鸡屠宰率分别为86.64%和83.70%,半净膛率分别为81.30%和78.25%,全净膛率分别为68.45%和65.65%,公鸡都显著地大于母鸡(P<0.05);在胸肌率、腿肌率指标中,公鸡略大于母鸡,但差异不显著(P>0.05);公鸡的腹脂率极显著地小于母鸡(P<0.01);在肉色、pH值、失水率、嫩度等多数指标优于优质型崇仁麻鸡和大型白羽肉鸡(科宝)、粤禽快大黄鸡2003的物理性状。     

莱芜猪及其杂种猪血液指标与胴体品质性状关系的研究

本试验分析测定了３６头莱芜猪及其杂种猪的血液指标。分析结果表明,血液指标与胴体品质性状存在着一定的相关,且宰前血液指标的测定可用为预测宰后的胴体品质。     

Growth and metabolism in somatotropin-treated steers: II. Carcass and noncarcass tissue components and chemical composition

Carcass and noncarcass tissue compositional characteristics were determined in growing Hereford steers treated with daily subcutaneous injections (20.6 mg/d) of recombinantly derived bovine somatotropin (rBST) for 112 d. For carcass primal cuts, weights and rates of gain of bone, lean and total fat and site of fat deposition were not significantly affected by rBST treatments with the exception of a few tissues (loin total weight, flank total and lean weight and shank total weight). Lean to fat ratios, however, were greater (P less than .1) for the loin, flank, chuck and brisket. Weights and growth of individual muscles from the hindquarter were not affected by rBST administration. Weights and(or) average daily gains of the liver, kidneys, lungs and trachea and head were greater (P less than .05) in rBST-treated animals. Weights and (or) average daily gains were greater (P less than .1) in rBST-treated steers for water in the total body and carcass, for CP in the total body and noncarcass, and for ash in the total body, carcass and noncarcass. Ratios of CP to ether-extractable fat in the total body were greater (P less than .1) in rBST steers. These data indicate that rBST modified carcass lean and fat composition in cattle, but responses were modest compared to effects of somatotropin treatment of swine.     

生长肥育猪胴体品质和瘦肉生长指数的研究

为验证NRC( 1998)生长猪营养需要模型 ,进而建立我国生长猪营养需要模型 ,本试验在较高营养水平下研究测定了生长肥育猪生产性能、胴体品质和瘦肉生长指数。全期试验结果表明 ,在一定营养水平和环境条件下 ,公、母猪日增重、采食量、饲料转化率差异不显著 (P >0 .0 5) ,但公猪日增重有高于母猪日增重的趋势。胴体品质上 ,公、母猪热胴体重、瘦肉重、背脂、瘦肉脂肪含量差异不显著 (P >0 .0 5)。通过测定热胴体重、最后肋背脂得到瘦肉生长指数为 :去势公猪 2 78g/d ,母猪 2 82g/d ,公母平均 2 81g/d。通过测定热胴体重 ,第 10肋背脂、第 10肋眼肌面积得到的瘦肉生长指数为 :去势公猪 2 56g/d ;母猪 2 72g/d ;公母平均 2 64g/d。将瘦肉生长指数、温度、饲养密度等参数输入NRC( 1998)模型得到的营养需要量估测值有一定实际意义 ,但在实践中的应用情况有待进一步评估验证     

The effect of dietary protein supply on carcass composition, size of organs, muscle properties and meat quality of pigs

This study investigated the effect of dietary protein supply on growth performance, carcass composition and size of organs in pigs slaughtered at the age of 165 ± 2 d. In addition, we analysed muscle fibre properties and glycolytic potential of light muscles longissimus lumborum (LD), semimembranosus (SM), and gluteus superficialis (GS), and dark muscles infraspinatus (IS) and masseter (M) of 20 gilts and 20 barrows. Of these pigs, 16 were Finnish Landrace, 16 were Finnish Yorkshire, and 8 were crosses of these breeds. The pigs were fed low-or high-protein diets formulated to contain 6.0 and 9.5 g of apparent ileal digestible lysine/feed unit (1 fu = 9.3 MJ NE), respectively. The pigs were fed according to a restricted weight-based feeding scale (13–30 MJ NE/d). Lean meat, fat, bones, and skin of the carcasses as well as organs were dissected and weighed. The pH value was measured 45 min post mortem from LD, and 24 h post mortem from LD, SM and GS. Drip loss, lightness (L) and redness (a) were measured from LD, SM and GS. Pigs with a low-protein supply showed a lower growth rate (P < 0.01), carcass weight (P < 0.01), and carcass lean meat content (P < 0.01), but higher carcass fat content (P < 0.01) and smaller kidneys (P < 0.01) than did pigs with a high-protein supply. In LD, the differences in cross-sectional areas in all muscle fibre types (P < 0.05) between the feeding groups were significant; in GS we found significant differences in cross-sectional areas of type IIA and type IIB (P < 0.05), while in SM we found no differences in muscle fibre cross-sectional areas between the feeding groups (P > 0.05). We found no such differences in the dark muscles studied. We also took into account the effect of both the breed and sex on the studied properties. The low-protein diet increased glycolytic potential in porcine LD and SM, and decreased the pH value measured 45 min post mortem from LD. The dietary protein supply affected no other meat quality traits studied. A more rapid drop in pH in LD resulted in a lighter and less red meat with higher drip loss.     

Effect of energy restriction in interaction with genotype on the performance of growing rabbits: II. Carcass traits and meat quality

In this experiment the effect of digestible energy (DE) restriction on carcass traits and meat quality of rabbits selected divergently for body fat content was studied. Using a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement, Pannon White rabbits selected for high (HFAT) or low (LFAT) total body fat content were fed isocaloric diets between 4 and 12 weeks of age. Energy restriction was achieved by reducing the daily feed intake by 10% (M) and 20% (L) compared to the ad libitum fed group (H). Proportional to the reduction of feed intake the nutrient density of diets M and L was increased. Thus, the DE intake was reduced while the nutrient intake remained stable among the 3 dietary groups. Effect of genetic group on carcass traits and on meat quality parameters was less marked than DE restriction. Selection for high body fat content improved the dressing out percentage (58.3 and 57.3% in HFAT and LFAT respectively; P < 0.01), and reduced the percentage of the full gastrointestinal tract to slaughter weight (13.7 and 14.3% in HFAT and LFAT respectively; P < 0.05). Reduction of DE intake decreased the body weight and the weight of the chilled and reference carcass (P < 0.001), while it had no effect on dressing out percentage. In group H the percentage of fore part to reference carcass was higher (29.7 vs 29.0%; P < 0.01) while that of the hind part was lower than in group L (37.0 vs 38.2%; P < 0.001). The Longissimus lumborum meat from HFAT rabbits exhibited a lower content of moisture (76.1 and 76.5% in HFAT and LFAT respectively; P < 0.01) as well as lower L (53.5 and 54.4 in HFAT and LFAT respectively; P < 0.05) and b (0.42 and 0.81 in HFAT and LFAT respectively; P < 0.05) colour values. When compared with ad libitum fed rabbits, those restricted at 20% (L) exhibited a higher content of moisture (76.9 vs 75.8%; P < 0.01), as well as higher pHu (5.87 vs 5.73; P < 0.01) associated with lower cooking loss (17.8 vs 19.1%; P < 0.05). L rabbits also produced lower values of redness (a, 2.21 vs 3.35; P < 0.01) and yellowness (b, 0.23 vs 0.91; P < 0.01). No effect of the divergent selection for body fat content on the total lipid percentage and on most of the fatty acids in the meat of the hind leg was found. DE restriction resulted in lower SFA (L: 32.1 vs H: 35.8%; P < 0.01) and MUFA (L: 21.0 vs H: 28.6; P < 0.01) but higher PUFA contents (L: 45.5 vs H: 34.9%; P < 0.01) in the hind leg meat.     

湘黄猪Atrn基因的PCR-RFLP及其与生长和胴体性状间的关系

以129头湘黄猪为试验材料,采用PCR-RFLP技术,对Haln基因和Atrn基因进行了检测分析,检测到NN、Nn2种Haln基因型和AA,AB和BB3种Atrn基因型,其频率相应为0.9612、0.0388和0.1783、0.6047、0.2170;同时分析了NN基因型群体中,不同Atrn基因型间生长速度和胴体性状的关系,结果表明:BB基因型猪的平均日增重、平均背膘厚和估测瘦肉率明显优于AB基因型猪,AA基因型猪处于中间状态,即:BB>AA>AB。这一结果与140头丹麦资源家系猪样本的检测结果基本一致,表明Atrn基因对猪重要经济性状具有影响作用。     

早期营养限制对肉鸡生长性能和胴体品质的影响

本文研究了早期长时间(1~21日龄)低强度(每日4 h)营养限制对肉鸡生长性能和胴体品质的影响。选择健康、体重相近1日龄安康红肉用公母混合雏鸡600羽,随机分成2个组(对照组与试验组),每个组300羽(含3个重复,每个重复100羽)。饲养试验分3个阶段:1~21、22~42和43~63日龄。试验组1~21日龄每日10:00~14:00实施限饲(不给料),22~63日龄恢复自由采食,对照组全期自由采食。所有试验鸡在自由饮水和24 h光照条件下进行为期63 d的饲养试验。限饲结束(21日龄)和饲养试验结束(63日龄)后,每个组的每个重复选择母鸡8羽(共96羽)进行屠宰试验与取样分析。结果表明,肉鸡早期低强度(12.59%限饲量)长时间(1~21日龄)的连续限饲方案显著降低了1~21日龄肉鸡生长速度;22~63日龄恢复自由采食后获得了明显的补偿生长,饲料转化率各阶段差异均不明显(P>0.05)。早期限饲明显改变了21、63日龄肉鸡的胴体组成和肉质,显著提高上市肉鸡(63日龄)腿肌重而不影响胸肌重,提高胸肌蛋白含量而降低脂肪含量,同时明显增加了腹脂沉积量。上述结果提示,早期营养限制对肉鸡具有代谢程序化和营养重分配的作用,能显著改变肉鸡的胴体品质。     

Finishing cattle at pasture at 30 months of age or indoors at 25 months of age: Effects on selected carcass and meat quality characteristics

To examine the effect of a modification of a typically Irish dairy calf-to-beef production system, Charolais × Friesian steers were offered a finishing ration of grass silage ad libitum and 5.6 kg concentrates daily for 174 days prior to slaughter at 25 months of age or grass silage ad libitum for 174 days, followed by pasture for 167 days and slaughter at 30 months of age. Finishing at pasture increased carcass weight (376 vs. 342 kg) but did not affect intra-muscular lipid concentration (28 vs. 24 g/kg). Finishing at pasture decreased Longissimus thoracis et lumborum lightness (35.6 vs. 36.9) and increased shear force of muscle at 2 (8.54 vs 4.32) and 7 days (5.21 vs 3.64 kg) post-mortem but not at 14 days post-mortem (4.45 vs. 3.42 kg). Finishing at pasture did not affect the sensory characteristics of tenderness, juiciness, firmness or chewiness and tended (P < 0.1) to decrease texture and acceptability. It is concluded that modification of this beef production system as described, had minor effects on beef quality which are unlikely to be of commercial significance.     

猪IGFBP2基因多态性及其与胴体、肉质性状的关联分析

本研究旨在调查猪胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白2基因(IGFBP2)潜在的变异与胴体性状和肉质性状之间的关系。IGFBP2是IGFBPs家族的一员,定位在猪15号染色体上。本研究利用PCR-MspⅠ-RFLP方法对该基因第二内含子g.171CT(Gen Bank Accession No.BV727778)进行了单核苷酸多态性(SNP)检测,在382头大白×梅山猪F2代猪群体中关联分析。结果发现该位点与背膘厚、眼肌高、眼肌宽、骨率等性状呈极显著相关(P0.01),与眼肌面积、肥肉率、瘦肥比、花油、色值(LD)和色值(BF)等性状呈显著相关(P0.05)。结果表明IGFBP2基因型与胴体和肉质性能存在一定程度的显著关联,是潜在的影响猪胴体和肉质性状的候选基因。