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稻米氨基酸的含量及其影响因素 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
综述了稻米中必需氨基酸的含量、不同水稻品种(组合)稻米氨基酸含量的差异,以及栽培技术措施、自然环境条件对稻米氨基酸含量的影响,并简要提出了今后的研究方向. 相似文献
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To improve grain quality of the high-yielding hybrid rice in China, we introduced the aromatic rice MR365, an improved Indian cultivar with aroma and other desirable grain quality characters such as long grain and low chalkiness, from IRRI in 1984 and began to transfer its aroma and good quality characters into the existing maintainer lines with good combining ability but poor grain quality. In the meantime, we also conducted the research on the inheritance of aroma for increasing the breeding efficiency. Through years of research and breeding practices, two cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines Xiangxiang 2 A and Xinxiang A and a series of quasi-aromatic hybrids mated from these aromatic CMS lines have been developed and released for commercial production in China. It was found that the inheritance of aroma in MR 365 and its derivatives including Xiangxiang 2 A, Xinxiang A and Xiang 2B S was controlled by one pair of recessive major genes based on the identification of aroma by the KOH-soaking method. We also found that there existed disparity in aroma degree among different grains of F2 generation, and different aromatic CMS lines derived from the same aromatic donor such as Xiangxiang 2 A and Xinxiang A had also a little difference in the degree of aroma, which implies that, besides the major genes, aroma may also be affected by the genetic backgrounds or minor genes. Xiangxiang 2 A, developed from the cross of V20A∥V20B/MR365, is the first aromatic CMS line bred in China. It is not only aromatic but has good grain quality and combining ability. Using it as female parent, Xiangyou 63 (Xiangxiang 2A/Minghui 63), the first quasi-aromatic hybrid rice combination in China, was developed and approved to release to farmers in 1995. Xiangyou 63 is characteristic of quasi-aromatic or partially aromatic (because only a portion of or NOT ALL grains are aromatic), good grain quality, high-yielding ability, good blast resistance and wide adaptability. However, Xiangxiang 2 A has an evident drawback, i.e., instablility in male sterility under higher temperature conditions resulting from the existence of restoring minor genes in it, which greatly hampered the extension of its elite hybrid Xiangyou 63 with both high yield and fine quality in commercial production. To improve Xiangxiang 2 A, we made hybridization of Xiangxiang 2 B with V20 B again in 1990. A new aromatic CMS line Xinxiang A was successfully developed in 1994. It not only retains the favorable characteristics of Xiangxiang 2 A in grain quality and combining ability, but also expresses complete and stable male sterility and high seed production yield potential. Up to now, by using it as female parent, a series of quasi-aromatic hybrids have been developed. Some of them such as Xinxiangyou 63 (Xinxiang A/Minghui 63), Xinxiangyou 77 (Xinxiang A/Minghui 77), Xinxiangyou 80 (Xinxiang A/R80), Xinxiangyou 207 (Xinxiang A/R207) and Xinxiangyou 96 (Xinxiang A/R96) have been released to farmers. Such hybrids have been preferred and well welcome by the farmers in China, because they can not only yield higher or as high as but also possess a better grain quality than the current common high-yielding hybrid rice varieties, especially, they are naturally-mixed aromatic rice so that it can be consumed daily just like non-aromatic common rice. The planting area under these hybrids is increasing rapidly in China. It is expected that the quasi-aromatic hybrid rice will have a good prospect in the coming years. 相似文献
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杂交稻与亲本稻米蛋白质及氨基酸含量的关系 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
分析了8个三系杂交稻F1稻米与其相应的5个恢复系和3个不育系及其相应的3个保持系稻米的蛋白质含量和17种氨基酸含量。结果表明,各组合(系)的蛋白质含量与其氨基酸的绝对含量正相关;杂交稻F1稻米的蛋白质含量与氨基酸含量高于其相应的恢复系稻米的蛋白质含量和氨基酸含量;不育系稻米的蛋白质含量与氨基酸含量高于其相应保持系稻米的蛋白质含量与氨基酸含量。由此认为,杂交稻稻米蛋白质含量与氨基酸含量受其细胞质基因影响;杂交稻F1与其三系亲本的蛋白质与氨基酸含量的差异可能是杂交稻表现杂种优势的重要生理基础。 相似文献
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党的十一届三中全会以来,福建省广大农村认真贯彻落实党的富民政策,全面推广家庭联产承包责任制,极大地调动了广大农民的生产积极性,并借助第一次绿色革命的成果,依靠科技进步,大力推广优良品种,新型肥料、农药等新技术,促使粮食生产取得突破性的发展,粮食产量大幅度提高。从宁德地区的情况看,1998年全区粮食总产达10254万t,比1978年净增3231万t,增幅达46%。20a间,全区人口增加了767万人,但人均占有粮食不仅没有减少,而且增加了3172kg/年人均,为提前基本实现小康奠定了坚实的物… 相似文献
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胚乳垩白是外观品质中非常重要的一项,它直接影响稻米的市场价值。无垩白的半透明胚乳,是优质米必须具备的条件。以前我们大面积栽培的品种,多数垩白大而明显,因此它也是水稻品质育种中首先要解决的一个问题,本文根据有关资料及个人的体会,谈几点粗浅认识。 相似文献
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杂交稻与产本稻米蛋白质及氨基酸含量的关系 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
分析了8个三系杂交稻F1稻米与其相应的5个恢复系和3个不育系及其相应的3个保持系稻米的蛋白质含量和17种氨基酸含量,结果表明,各组合系的蛋白质含量与其氨基酸的绝对含理正相关;杂交稻F1稻米的蛋白质含量与氨基酸含量高于其相应的恢复系稻米的蛋白质与含量和氨基酸含量,不育系稻米的蛋白质含量与氨基酸含量高于其相应保持系稻米的蛋白质与氨基酸含量,由此认为,杂交稻稻米蛋白质含量与氨基酸含量受其细胞基因影响;杂 相似文献
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扬州大学农学院与中科院上海植物生理研究所合作的转反义WAXY基因的研究目前通过了成果鉴定 ,该课题组在国家科技部“S-863”计划“转基因专项”等项目的资助下 ,利用我国自克隆的水稻蜡质(waxy)基因 ,构建了其反义WAXY基因 ,并将其成功导入水稻、获得了以下结果 :1、建立了较为稳定的农杆菌介导的水稻高效转基因技术体系 ,一般粳稻品种的转化率可在30 %以上 ,最高可达60% ;籼稻瞬间转化率也可达50%以上。2、构建了由水稻蜡质基因启动子驱动的反义waxy-GUS融合基因表达载体 ,证实该融合基因可在水稻胚乳中高… 相似文献
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选用湖南省洞庭湖区种植的20个杂交稻组合在9个播期下获取的180个稻谷样品,进行了直链淀粉和蛋白质含量的分析,并对杂交稻汕优63的9个播期获取的9个样品进行了17种氨基酸含量的分析.结果表明,20个杂交稻组合的9个播期的稻米直链淀粉含量平均值变幅为15.0%~24.8%,平均极差为9.8%,变异系数变幅为2.8%~21.7%;而其蛋白质含量平均值变幅为7.3%~8.6%,变异系数变幅为4.3%~11.6%.表明杂交稻组合的直链淀粉含量与蛋白质含量受播种期的影响较大,而且,其影响程度还存在明显的杂交稻组合间遗传差异.研究结果还表明,杂交稻组合汕优63的各种氨基酸的绝对含量和相对含量受播种期的影响较大,并且存在显著的氨基酸间差异. 相似文献
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稻米胶稠度的遗传研究 总被引:18,自引:3,他引:18
采用6×6完全双列杂交和改良单籽粒分析法,对胶稠度的遗传和基因作用进行了研究。试验结果表明,硬对中等或软胶稠度、中等对软胶稠度表现显性。亲子方差和协方差(Vr-Wr)分析指出胶稠度受到包括一对主效基因和若干微效基因(修饰基因)的控制,基因的平均显性作用为不完全显性。遗传参数分析表明在胶稠度的遗传中基因的显性作用和加性作用是重要的,狭义遗传力较高(h2(ns) =0.78).本文还讨论了在胶稠度改良中亲本选配和分离世代早期选择和重要性。 相似文献
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