5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid in the lumbar fluid: a specific indicator of spinal cord injury

In cats, 19 days after the lower thoracic cord was injllred, the concentrations of 5-hydroxytryptamine and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in the lumbosacral cord and that of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in the lumbar fluid decreased. At the same time the concentrations of these substances in the cord above the lesion and that of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in the cisternal fluid was not significantly altered. Since high concentrations of 5-hydroxytryptamine and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid are present in the human lumbosacral cord, it appears that the concentration of 5-hydroxyincdoleacetic acid in the lumbar fluid of animals and man reflects the biochemical changes of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the spinal cord.     

Biogenic amine metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid of depressed and manic patients

A reduction in 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in cerebrospinal fluid was found in depressed and manic patients both while they were symptomatic and also after treatment. The concentration of homovanillic acid was initially reduced and then tended to increase after treatment.     

Local anesthetic drugs: penetration from the spinal extradural space into the neuraxis

Local anesthetics, injected into the spinal extradural space, can be recovered from the spinal cord and brain. Transport from the extradural space into the neuraxis is independent of an active circulation. Distribution is greatest in the periphery of the cord and is most intense near the site of injection. The drugs probably diffuse into the subperineural spaces of the mixed nerves and then pass centripetally along the spinal roots into the cerebrospinal fluid and the cord.     

Long-term amphetamine treatment decreases brain serotonin metabolism: implications for theories of schizophrenia

Long-term amphetamine administration to cats (a mean of 8.75 milligrams per kilogram twice daily for 10 days) produced large decreases (40 to 67 percent in serotonin and its major metabolite, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, in all brain regions examined. This treatment also produced several behaviors that are dependent on depressed central serotonergic neurotransmission, and which normally are elicited exclusively by hallucinogenic drugs. Short-term amphetamine administration (15 mg/kg) did not produce these behaviors and resulted in small decreases in brain serotonin and no change in 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. These data are discussed in the context of monoamine theories of schizophrenia.     

Gamma-aminobutyric acid antagonism and presynaptic inhibition in the frog spinal cord

The convulsant alkaloid bicuculline blocked presynaptic inhibition, dorsal root potentials, primary afferent depolarization, and depolarizing effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid on dorsal root terminals of the amphibian spinal cord, but did not block effects of other putative amino acid transmitters. These actions of bicuculline suggest that gamma-aminobutyric acid may be the transmitter involved in spinal presynaptic inhibition.     

颈部脊髓硬膜外电刺激治疗脑性瘫痪的临床观察

目的：观察颈部脊髓硬膜外电刺激治疗脑性瘫痪的临床疗效。方法：采用C2--C5脊髓硬膜外电刺激治疗脑性瘫痪病人18例，具体参数为：频率25—100ppm，强度3—15V，波宽0．3--0．4ms，时间6h／d。结果：18例病人中15例有效。结论：颈部脊髓硬膜外电刺激是一种治疗脑性瘫痪病人有效方法。     

脊髓损伤的中医认识与实验研究概况

脊髓损伤的治疗一直是医学界研究的难题,目前尚未有确切的治愈性的治疗方法,这为临床寻找满意的治疗方法提出了迫切的要求。中医药对脊髓损伤有独到的见解,本文对近年来脊髓损伤的中医药实验研究概况作一总结,为中医药治疗脊髓损伤的研究提供理论依据。     

Glycine in the spinal cord of cats with local tetanus rigidity

In cats, significant loss of glycine occurred in spinal grey matter on the side of local tetanus, whereas the gamma-aminobutyric acid concentration remained unaltered. These findings suggest that tetanus rigidity is due to the blocking of the spinal inhibitory transmission by decrease of inhibitory transmitter and that glycine is an effective inhibitory transmitter in cat spinal cord.     

出生前山羊脑和脊髓的生长发育规律

测量了6～21周山羊胎儿脑和脊髓的相关指标,并绘制生长曲线.结果表明:山羊胎儿脑和脊髓生长发育具有快慢交替的阶段性变化规律.发育早期脑的生长速度要快于同期脊髓的生长速度.出生前,山羊大脑在长、宽、高3个方向上的发育表现出不均衡的特点.脊髓不同节段的生长高峰期出现的时间、数量和增长趋势都不一致,可能与脊髓内不同组份发育先后次序有关.     

缺血预处理对兔脊髓缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的：观察缺血处理对脊髓缺血再灌注损伤的影响。方法：夹闭左肾动脉起点以下腹主脉３５ｍｉｎ，制作脊髓缺血损伤模型。在制作上述模型前预处理组动物夹闭腹主动脉５ｍｉｎ，松夹１０ｍｉｎ，松夹１０ｍｉｎ，反复３次进行缺血预处理，术后进行神经功能评分和观察组织病理学变化。结果：与对照组相比，预处理组神经功能恢复评玢明显增加（术后２４ｈ，ｐ０．０１；４８ｈ，ｐ〈０．０５），组织病理学变化明显减轻或消失。结论：缺     

Transport of 1-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid from feline cerebrospinal fluid

1-Aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid was cleared from cerebrospinal fluid of the cat by a saturable mechanism. Clearance was inhibited by naturally occurring neutral amino acids. Carrier transport may explain the low ratio of amino acid in spinal fluid to that in plasma.     

狗脊髓动脉分布

将加有红色颜料的乳胶注入狗的脊髓动脉,肉眼观察脊髓外部动脉的分布。结果表明:脊髓外部动脉包括伸延于脊髓腹正中裂内的脊髓腹侧动脉和沿脊髓背外侧沟分布的两条脊髓背外侧动脉。自上述脊髓动脉发出分支分布于脊髓表面,即脊髓周缘支。周缘支互相吻合,形成脊髓表面的动脉网。动脉网的分支穿入脊髓内部,供应深部结构。脊髓背外侧动脉也直接发出穿支,深入脊髓。脊髓腹侧动脉向腹正中裂中发出沟动脉,沟动脉分支再穿入脊髓内部。脊髓背外侧动脉和脊髓腹侧动脉由来自枕动脉、椎动脉、颈深动脉、胸背动脉、肋间动脉、腰动脉和荐外侧动脉的脊髓支一根动脉分支构成。构成类型有多种形式。本文还将狗脊髓动脉的分布特征与人类脊髓动脉的分布特征进行了比较和讨论。     

哺乳仔猪外周血5-羟色胺的合成与代谢研究

[目的]探讨哺乳仔猪外周血5-羟色胺的合成与代谢随日龄变化的规律。[方法]选用15只0、5和15日龄的英系大白猪为试验动物,采用反相高效液相色谱——紫外检测法对其外周血血清中L-Trp、5-HT和5-HIAA的含量进行测定。[结果]仔猪初生时L-Trp的含量为（16.92±1.74）μmol/L,5日龄时为（59.94±10.88）μmol/L,15日龄时为（70.42±6.48）μmol/L;仔猪初生时5-HT的含量为（12.85±1.79）μmol/L,5日龄时为（4.81±2.05）μmol/L,15日龄时为（5.49±1.09）μmol/L;代谢产物5-HIAA在各日龄仔猪血清中均未检出。[结论]随日龄增加,哺乳仔猪外周血L-Trp的含量显著增加（P〈0.05）,而5-HT的含量与L-Trp-5-HT通路转化率在初生时最高（P〈0.05）,此后趋于稳定（P〉0.05）。     

山羊腓神经感觉和运动神经元胞体的位置和形态——辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)法

用HRP法对七只山羊的腓神经的来源及节段性分布规律进行追踪观察,结果如下: 1.腓神经感觉神经元胞体主要集中于L_6和S_1脊神经节内,其次位于S_2脊神经节内。其胞体多呈椭圆形和圆形,可分大、中、小三型,而以中型为主。 2.腓神经运动神经元胞体主要集中于L_6和S_1脊髓腹角,其次位于L_S脊髓腹角。胞体多呈星状或三角形。多数为较大的多极神经元,少数为小型多极神经元。     

奶牛腰荐尾段脊髓灰质板层构筑的研究

本研究取８头初生黑白花奶牛的腰荐尾段脊髓，分节后横切成３ｍｍ厚的脊髓块。其中７例在切片剪用苯胺蓝或尼氏混合液的块染法作细胞染色；１例用Ｗｅｉｌ氏法作髓鞘染色。均作石蜡切片。结果表明：奶牛腰荐尾段脊髓灰质基本上象猫那样分为１０个板层，但在层的范围，形态，结构等方面也有自己的特点。本文还与其它一些动物和人的脊髓灰质板层构筑进行了比较。     

Left ventricular receptors inhibit brain serotonin neurons during coronary artery occlusion

Acute coronary artery ligation in pargyline-treated rats decreased serotonin and increased 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in the medulla and posterior hypothalamus. Lidocaine applied topically to the left ventricle completely prevented these alterations. No changes in serotonin were observed in the other brain regions examined. These data suggest a reflex inhibition of bulbar and hypothalamic serotonergic nerves by left ventricular receptors following acute coronary artery occlusion in the rat.     

Serotonin: release in the forebrain by stimulation of midbrain raphé

Electrical stimulation of the midbrain raphé, an area in which neuronal perikarya containing serotonin are aggregated, produces an increase in 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and a decrease in serotonin in the forebrain. These changes indicate that serotonin in the brain can be released via a specific neural pathway, namely, the system of axons projecting into the forebrain from serotonin-containing neurons in the midbrain raphé.     

Choline acetyltransferase activity is increased in combined cultures of spinal cord and muscle cells from mice

The activity of choline acetyltransferase was more than tenfold greater in combined cultures of spinal cord and muscle cells than in cultures of spinal cord cells alone. This increase was associated with the formation of functional neuromuscular junctions in culture. Counts of silver-stained cells and determinations of other enzyme activities indicated that the increased choline acetyltransferase activity was not due to nonspecific neuronal survival but reflected greater activity in the surviving neurons. Hence, muscle had a marked, highly specific trophic effect on the cholinergic neurons that innervated it.     

Neurotrophic effect on isolated chick embryo muscle in culture

Acetylcholinesterase activity in cultures of dissociated skeletal muscle prepared from the thigh muscle of the 10-day-old chick embryo was increased by the presence of innervating spinal cord explants, spinal cord explants in a parabiotic environment, and by media containing brain-spinal cord extract.     

Steroid hormone metabolites are barbiturate-like modulators of the GABA receptor

Two metabolites of the steroid hormones progesterone and deoxycorticosterone, 3 alpha-hydroxy-5 alpha-dihydroprogesterone and 3 alpha, 5 alpha-tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone, are potent barbiturate-like ligands of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor-chloride ion channel complex. At concentrations between 10(-7) and 10(-5)M both steroids inhibited binding of the convulsant t-butylbicyclophosphorothionate to the GABA-receptor complex and increased the binding of the benzodiazepine flunitrazepam; they also stimulated chloride uptake (as measured by uptake of 36Cl-) into isolated brain vesicles, and potentiated the inhibitory actions of GABA in cultured rat hippocampal and spinal cord neurons. These data may explain the ability of certain steroid hormones to rapidly alter neuronal excitability and may provide a mechanism for the anesthetic and hypnotic actions of naturally occurring and synthetic anesthetic steroids.