兴民58小麦新品种的特征特性及其配套栽培技术

<正>兴民58是陕西兴民种业有限公司通过"SY-1-6-3/小偃22//SY01-1"复合杂交,经系统选育而成的小麦新品种,2013年5月经陕西省农作物品种审定委员会第46次品种审定会议审定通过。兴民58农业性状优良,抗病性突出,丰产性好,适应性广,是一个适宜陕西省关中灌区种植的优良小麦品种。1特征特性半冬性,幼苗半匍匐,苗期叶片较绿;分蘖力较强,成穗率高,产量三要素协调;植株紧凑,茎秆粗     

优质硬粒小麦E211

优质硬粒小麦品种 E2 11是云南省保山市农业技术推广所 1989年从云南省劳改局农科所引进高世代材料 ,经过 1989～ 1991年两年的选种圃 ,系统选育稳定性状的单株进行繁殖 ,初步定名 E2 11。2 0 0 0年12月通过云南省保山地区品种审定委员会审定。产量表现　 1999～ 2 0 0 0年组织 11个品种参加保山市优质硬粒小麦区试。 1999年 E2 11产量2 13.3kg/ 667m2 ,居参试品种第 6位 ,较对照种 (91-5 )增产 63.3kg/ 667m2 ,增 4 2 .2 % ;2 0 0 0年 E2 11产量2 5 5 .0 kg/ 667m2 ,居参试品种第 2位 ,较对照种 (91-5 )增产 72 .7kg,增 39.8%。特征特性…     

高产优质强筋小麦新品种郑农16号的选育

郑农16号是郑州市农林科学研究所1992年以郑农7号为母本,小偃6号为父本杂交选育而成的集优质、高产、抗病、广适性为一体的小麦新品种。该品种产量三要素协调,品质达强筋小麦国家标准,综合抗病性好,适宜在黄淮南片麦区中晚茬地种植,2003年通过河南省农作物品种审定委员会审定。     

谷子新品种陇谷18号的选育

陇谷18号是甘肃省农业科学院作物研究所以晋谷28号为母本、陇谷7号为父本通过有性杂交选育的丰产谷子新品种,2020年进行了非主要农作物品种登记。该品种综合性状优良,植株较高,穗大粒多,抗旱性强,粮草兼丰。对其选育过程、品种特征特性、产量表现及栽培技术要点等进行了总结。     

新优质谷子杂交种张杂谷15号

张杂谷15号是张家口市农业科学院利用自育光温敏谷子不育系A2为母本,与自育优质抗病恢复系阳高3号父变异株为父本配组育成的两系杂交谷子新品种.该品种于2013年、2014年参加国家谷子区试,2年产量结果均居参试品种第1位.2014年在区域生产试验中产量居参试品种第1位,产量表现突出,并于2013年在全国第十届优质食用粟评选中被评为一级优质米,2015年通过全国谷子品种鉴定委员会鉴定.     

谷子新品种朝谷20的选育及高产高效栽培技术

<正>朝谷20是由辽宁省水土保持研究所选育,来源于国家鉴定品种燕谷16号田间选择的优良变异单株,经多代定向选育而成。2015年参加辽宁省谷子区域试验,每hm~2平均产量4908.15kg,较对照朝谷13增产9.72%,居第1位,在7个试点中全部增产。2016年通过辽宁省非主要农作物品种备案委员会备案,备案编号:辽备谷2015001。朝谷20属于中熟品种,平地     

豫谷 36 在华北夏谷区、西北春谷区的生态适应性分析

对谷子品种豫谷 36 在 2020-2021 年华北夏谷区组和西北春谷区中晚熟组的生育期、主要农艺性状、产量及构成因素等特征特性进行了分析比较,以为其推广应用提供参考依据。结果表明：豫谷 36 在华北夏谷区、西北春谷中晚熟区均能完成其生育进程并安全成熟,表现出较强的生态适应性;2 年 40 点次区域试验中,30 点次较对照品种增产,显示出豫谷 36 具有较好的产量适应性。豫谷 36 适宜在华北夏谷区、西北春谷中晚熟区推广种植。     

优质谷子新杂交种张杂谷16号

张杂谷16号是张家口市农业科学院以谷子不育系A 2为母本,以"复1×5号父"为父本组配而成的杂交谷子新组合。其中母本A 2为该院自育谷子不育系,恢复系"复1×5号父"是由复1(抗谷瘟材料)与5号父转育成抗除草剂(拿捕净)的新种质资源。张杂谷16号2012—2013年区域试验平均产量为323.75kg/667m2,较对照冀谷25增产6.27%,较对照张杂谷8号增产5.42%,居参试品种第2位;2014年生产试验平均产量为410.3kg/667m2,较对照冀谷25增产9.6%,较对照张杂谷8号增产10.8%,居参试品种第2位。2015年通过全国农业技术推广服务中心农作物品种鉴定。     

优质面包小麦新品种郑农33

优质面包小麦新品种郑农３３郑农３３是我所以８６０３（豫麦２８号）为母本、硬粒小麦Ｗ０２９为父本杂交选育而成。在河南省１９９３～１９９４年度组织的１８个全国优质小麦品种比较试验中,郑农３３亩产４４３ｋｇ,居第３位,较对照品种１豫麦１８号增产１６％;较对...     

优质冬油菜品种区域试验分析

用天油4号作对照,对6家单位提供的9个油菜品种进行区域比较试验,研究不同油菜品种在天水山区的越冬性与产量表现情况。结果表明:天油15号越冬率最高,为96.2%,08AL-5-3越冬率最低,为90.7%。08AL-5-3产量最高,为213.84kg/667m~2,较对照增产4.93%,居第1位;对照天油4号产量为203.85kg/667m~2,居第5位;08NL-15-1产量为151.22kg/667m~2,较对照减产25.80%,居第10位。     

Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts

Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l^?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10^?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed.     

Changes in Seed Yield and Quality with Maturity in Onion (Allium cepa L., cv. 'Early Cream Gold')

Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality.     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.     

Optimization of Extraction Technology and Determination of Content of Total Phenols of Leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms

[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho...     

Cytoplasmic male sterility,resistance to gall mite and mildew,and season of leafing out in black currants

Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F₁ hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf ₁) and recessive for the other (Rf ₂).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph ₃(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf ₁(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf ₁and Rf ₂were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf ₁, and 0.15 for Lf ₁-Sph ₃were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph ₃.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf ₁-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph ₃. Poor performance of lf ₁- (and possibly lf ₂-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off).     

Screening techniques and sources of resistance to parasitic angiosperms

Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques.