共查询到17条相似文献,搜索用时 56 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
4.
氮肥运筹和秸秆还田对麦季土壤温室气体排放的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了解氮肥运筹和秸秆还田对麦田土壤温室气体排放的影响,在秸秆还田条件下设置基肥∶壮蘖肥∶拔节肥∶孕穗肥为3∶1∶3∶3(N1)、5∶1∶2∶2(N2)、7∶1∶2∶0(N3)三个氮肥运筹方式,在秸秆不还田条件下设置5∶1∶2∶2一个氮肥运筹方式(N4),采用静态暗箱-气相色谱法对不同处理下麦田土壤排放的二氧化碳(CO2)、甲烷(CH4)和氧化亚氮(N2O)进行观测,测定小麦籽粒产量,估算土壤温室气体排放强度(GHGI)和麦季全球增温潜势(GWP)。结果表明,与秸秆不还田相比,秸秆还田显著促进了麦季CH4和CO2的排放,显著降低了N2O的排放,显著提高了麦季GWP。秸秆还田条件下,不同氮肥运筹方式间CH4、CO2累积排放量和GWP差异不显著,但N3处理显著提高了N2O累积排放量,分别较N1、N2处理提高61.22%、51.92%。N1、N2处理的GHGI最低,分别较N4处理降低41.27%和39.67%,N3处理的GHGI较N4处理增加3.30%。因此,麦季秸秆还田下采用3∶1∶3∶3和5∶1∶2∶2氮肥运筹方式有显著地增产与综合减排作用,是低碳生产的合理施肥措施。 相似文献
5.
6.
炭基有机肥对小麦产量及麦季农田温室气体排放的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为减少生物质炭在农田应用的农事操作工序,探讨生物质炭与畜禽粪便混合堆肥产品——炭基有机肥对小麦产量及麦季农田温室气体排放的影响,试验以施用炭基有机肥为处理,以施用商品有机肥与不施有机肥为对照,共计3个处理,探讨了炭基有机肥对小麦产量、甲烷(CH_4)与氧化亚氮(N_2O)排放通量及单位产量的全球增温潜势(GWP)的影响。结果表明:炭基有机肥有促进小麦产量提高的趋势,但与商品有机肥、不施有机肥相对而言,产量差异未达显著水平;炭基有机肥处理的小麦千粒质量显著大于商品有机肥及不施有机肥处理;增施有机肥处理的麦田土壤甲烷排放总量低于不施有机肥处理,而氧化亚氮的排放总量则高于不施有机肥处理;与商品有机肥相比,施用炭基有机肥处理的全球增温潜势降低了36.48%、单位产量的GWP下降了37.3%,但不同处理之间差异均未达显著水平。 相似文献
7.
8.
9.
10.
浅埋滴灌条件下优化施氮对春玉米田温室气体排放的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以传统漫灌常规常量追氮为对照(CK),采用静态暗箱-气相色谱法测定浅埋滴灌下常量追氮(T1)和优化追氮(T2:70%常量追氮)春玉米田生育期内CO2、N2O和CH4排放特征,探究西辽河平原浅埋滴灌条件下优化施氮对春玉米田土壤温室气体排放的影响。结果表明,T1和T2处理玉米产量无显著差异,均显著高于CK(P<0.05)。相同施氮量下,浅埋滴灌相比传统漫灌N2O排放量增加11.78%,CH4吸收量降低34.78%;T2较T1处理CO2和N2O排放量分别减少13.15%和20.27%。相同施氮量下,与CK相比,T1处理降低了温室气体排放强度(GHGI)(P<0.05),浅埋滴灌T2处理GHGI较T1处理降低10.46%;CK和T1处理综合增温潜势(GWP)均显著高于T2(P<0.05);T1和T2处理净生态系统经济预算(NEEB)均显著高于CK(P<0.05)。综合来看,浅埋滴灌下T2处理,既降低了GHGI和GWP,又保证了较高玉米产量和NEEB,是西辽河平原玉米兼顾高产、高效和生态的水氮管理模式。 相似文献
11.
12.
13.
我国典型茶区化学氮肥施用与生产运输过程的温室气体排放量估算 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
基于相关统计数据和文献调研方法,估算了我国14个典型茶区中化学氮肥施用、生产及运输过程中的温室气体排放量。结果表明,化学氮肥施用导致的土壤N2O直接排放和生产过程中的温室气体排放是茶园化学氮肥消费带来的温室气体主要排放源;14个典型茶区消费的化学氮肥产生的温室气体排放量(以CO2排放当量计算)为16.81~344.80万t·a-1,其中贵州、云南、湖北和四川4省的茶园消费的化学氮肥带来的温室气体排放量较高,均超过200万t·a-1,占全部区域温室气体排放量的59.98%;单位面积温室气体排放量为3.22~9.76 t·hm-2·a-1,单位产量温室气体排放量为2.10~12.96 t·t-1·a-1、单位产值温室气体排放量0.39~1.90 t·万元-1·a-1;总体而言,贵州、云南、湖北、湖南和四川5省的茶园消费的化学氮肥带来的温室气体排放量、单位面积温室气体排放量、单位产量温室气体排放量和单位产值温室气体排放量较高,福建、河南省及重庆市3个茶区相对较低。在茶园化学氮肥施用量控制为300 kg·hm-2和450 kg·hm-2两种情景下,茶园生态系统温室气体减排总量为617.07万t·a-1和228.94万t·a-1,减排潜力为34.12%和12.66%,减排潜力较大的区域主要有湖北、四川、贵州、湖南和江西等5省。 相似文献
14.
15.
16.
抗除草剂转基因水稻对稻田杂草种群的影响 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
草铵膦作为抗除草剂转基因水稻的专用除草剂,对千金子、节节菜、陌上菜、丁香蓼、鳢肠、双穗雀稗、四叶萍和水竹叶表现出优良防效,但不能有效防治牛筋草、牛毛毡、矮慈姑、野荸荠和空心莲子草。在田间使用草铵膦可以有效防治早期出苗的无芒稗,但不能防治中后期出苗的莎草科和阔叶类杂草。与常规稻秀水11相比,转基因水稻99 1的每穗实粒数显著高于秀水11,从而获得了更高产量。转基因水稻嘉禾201与亲本丙94 02比较,对稻田主要杂草密度和生物量的影响差异不显著。转基因水稻99 1和嘉禾201对无芒稗的影响因子R显著大于化感潜力品种地谷,但与非化感品种秀水11相当,表明99 1和嘉禾201无化感竞争优势。 相似文献
17.
MA Yi-hu ;GU Dao-jian ;LIU Li-jun ;WANG Zhi-qin ;ZHANG Hao ;YANG Jian-chang 《水稻科学》2014,21(4):224-232
A field experiment was conducted at the farm of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China, to study the effects of organic fertilizers made from maize straw on rice grain yield and the emission of greenhouse gases. Four organic fertilizer treatments were as follows: maize straw (MS), compost made from maize straw (MC), methane-generating maize residue (MR), and black carbon made from maize straw (BC). These organic fertilizers were applied separately to paddy fields before rice transplanting. No organic fertilizer was applied to the control (CK). The effects of each organic fertilizer on rice grain yield and emission of greenhouse gases were investigated under two conditions, namely, no nitrogen (N) application (ON) and site-specific N management (SSNM). Rice grain yields were significantly higher in the MS, MC and MR treatments than those in CK under either ON or SSNM. The MS treatment resulted in the highest grain yield and agronomic N use efficiency. However, no significant difference was observed for these parameters between the BC treatment and CK. The changes in the emissions of methane (CH4) carbon dioxide (CO2), or nitrous oxide (N20) from the fields were similar among all organic fertilizer treatments during the entire rice growing season. The application of each organic fertilizer significantly increased the emission of each greenhouse gas (except N20 emission in the BC treatment) and global warming potential (GWP). Emissions of all the greenhouse gases and GWP increased under the same organic fertilizer treatment in the presence of N fertilizer, whereas GWP per unit grain yield decreased. The results indicate that the application of organic fertilizer (MS, MC or MR) could increase grain yield, but also could enhance the emissions of greenhouse gases from paddy fields. High grain yield and environmental efficiency could be achieved by applying SSNM with MR. 相似文献