60Co-γ射线辐射对NaCl胁迫下胡杨种子萌发的影响

为探讨不同辐射剂量对胡杨种子萌发的影响,筛选有助于提高胡杨种子耐盐性的辐射剂量,以新疆甘家湖采集的胡杨种子为材料,进行⁶⁰Co-γ射线辐射处理,辐射剂量分别为0(CK)、50、100、150、200 Gy,研究辐射处理对不同NaCl浓度胁迫(0、25、50、150、250、300 mmol·L^-1)下胡杨种子各发芽指标值和累计发芽率的影响。结果表明,在150 Gy辐射处理下,不同NaCl浓度胁迫下的平均发芽率、平均发芽势及平均相对发芽率高于其他处理,且相对盐害率降低;不同⁶⁰Co-γ辐射处理下的胡杨种子相对发芽率与NaCl浓度间存在极显著负相关关系;⁶⁰Co-γ射线辐射对NaCl胁迫下种子萌发的耐盐临界浓度为119~181 mmol·L^-1;150 Gy为有助于提高胡杨种子耐盐性能的最适辐射剂量。本研究结果为胡杨种子的辐射育种技术的应用提供了一定的理论依据和技术支撑。     

盐胁迫下草麻黄电阻抗图谱参数的变化及离子平衡机制

为探讨草麻黄对盐胁迫的适应性,以2年生草麻黄苗为试验材料,采用盆栽法测定在不同NaCl浓度、不同胁迫时间下草麻黄苗各项电阻抗图谱参数(EIS)变化及5种矿质离子含量,并分析各电阻抗参数、相对电导率及矿质离子含量之间的相关性。结果表明,随着NaCl浓度的增加和胁迫时间的延长,草麻黄地上部相对电导率逐渐升高,其中200 mmol·L^-1NaCl胁迫28 d以上时的相对电导率显著高于对照,200、300、400 mmol·L^-1盐胁迫下的相对电导率分别为对照的1.43、1.52、1.65倍;电阻抗图谱参数高频电阻率(r)、低频电阻率(r₁)、胞内电阻率(r_i)、胞外电阻率(r_e)、弛豫时间(τ)及弛豫时间分布系数(Ψ)均呈先下降后上升再下降或先下降后上升的变化趋势,其中r、r₁、r_e、r_i、Ψ均在NaCl浓度超过200 mmol·L^-1时出现再次下降,且呈不可逆的下降趋势。随着胁迫天数的增加,草麻黄地上部和根中Na⁺含量逐渐增加,K⁺含量逐渐下降,K⁺/Na⁺显著降低。盐胁迫下,草麻黄地上部Zn、Fe、Mg含量均有不同程度的降低。相关性分析结果表明,K⁺/Na⁺与r_e、r、r₁均呈极显著正相关,与r_i呈显著正相关,其中 K⁺/Na⁺ 与r_e的相关性最高,相关系数为0.985;5种阳离子总量与r_e、r、r₁均呈显著负相关。盐胁迫影响了草麻黄体内离子的运输和平衡,细胞内外离子浓度的变化引发电阻抗参数的变化,分析相对电导率电阻抗图谱参数的变化发现NaCl胁迫下,草麻黄的忍耐极限浓度为200 mmol·L^-1,表明草麻黄具有较高的耐盐能力。本研究结果为盐碱地区草麻黄的推广栽培提供了理论依据。     

锶对菠菜幼苗生长、光合和抗氧化酶活性的影响

为探究锶对植物生长生理的影响,以菠菜幼苗为试验材料,研究不同浓度(0、0.1、0.5和2.5 mmol·L^-1)锶处理对菠菜幼苗的叶片鲜重、叶片锶浓度、光合指标和抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明,0.1 mmol·L^-1 SrCl₂处理对菠菜幼苗生长和各项生理指标均未产生明显影响,叶片锶浓度在35 mg·kg^-1左右。0.5 mmol·L^-1 SrCl₂处理对菠菜幼苗生长表现为先促进后抑制;处理20 d后,抗氧化酶活性明显上升,丙二醛(MDA)、净光合速率(Pn)和叶片鲜重相较于对照组分别增加了24%和降低了15%、10%,叶片锶浓度达到318.33 mg·kg^-1。2.5 mmol·L^-1 SrCl₂处理下,植株生长受到明显抑制,抗氧化酶系统的响应更为强烈,处理20 d后MDA增加了68%,Pn和叶片鲜重分别降低了30%和48%,叶片锶浓度达到857.51 mg·kg^-1。综上,低浓度锶处理对菠菜生长未产生明显影响,但随着锶处理浓度的增加和胁迫时间的延长,植物生长受到的胁迫作用加剧。本研究为明确锶对菠菜生长生理的调控机理提供了理论依据。     

高粱转录因子SbWRKY71基因的克隆及其在逆境胁迫下的表达分析

为了探究WRKY转录因子在植物抵抗逆境胁迫方面的重要作用,本研究通过基因克隆的方法,从高粱BTx623中克隆得到一个WRKY转录因子基因(SbWRKY71),该转录因子基因全长1 335 bp(phytozome登录号:Sb04g005520),编码364个氨基酸,分子量为38.95 kDa;预测该转录因子定位于细胞核,具有WRKY转录因子典型的保守结构域,且该蛋白属于WRKY蛋白家族的第Ⅱ组成员。系统进化树分析表明,高粱SbWRKY71氨基酸序列与禾本科作物玉米ZmWRKY71的亲缘关系最近,为75%;实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)检测表明,SbWRKY71基因表达具有组织特异性,在叶中表达丰度最高,茎中最低。经激素水杨酸(SA,1 mmol·L^-1)、吲哚-3-乙酸(IAA,10 μmol·L^-1)和脱落酸(ABA,200 μmol·L^-1)处理后,SbWRKY71的表达量呈现先下降后升高再下降的趋势;在γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)和甘露醇(D-Mannitol,300 mmol·L^-1)模拟干旱胁迫以及氯化钠(NaCl,250 mmol·L^-1)盐胁迫处理下,SbWRKY71的表达量均先升后降,分别在3、6和9 h达到最大值;高粱经病原相关分子模式(PAMPs)flg22(100 nmol·L^-1)、翻译延长因子(elf18,100 nmol·L^-1)处理后,SbWRKY71表达均受到抑制,但在几丁质(Chitin,8 nmol·L^-1)处理下,SbWRKY71受到诱导表达。本研究为进一步探索SbWRKY71基因在调节高粱抗性、响应激素以及逆境胁迫应答等过程中的作用机制提供了基础。     

欧洲缬草不定根悬浮培养及其有效成分的测定

为高效生产欧洲缬草有效成分,通过分析培养基pH值、碳源、糖浓度、盐浓度、总氮(N)浓度、总磷(P)浓度等因素对其不定根悬浮培养生长的影响,确定欧洲缬草不定根悬浮培养的适宜条件,并测定在该培养条件下不定根的生长状况,同时比较正常不定根、褐化不定根、无菌苗根中缬草三酯、乙酰缬草三酯和缬草烯酸3种有效成分的含量。结果表明,欧洲缬草不定根的最佳培养条件为2倍大量元素浓度、48.46 mmol·L^-1总N浓度、1.5 mmol·L^-1总P浓度的RCM培养基,添加40 g·L^-1蔗糖、0.5 mg·L^-1 萘乙酸(NAA),pH值5.7,温度25±2℃,转速100 r·min^-1暗培养,28 d后收获。最佳培养条件下的欧洲缬草正常不定根中缬草三酯、乙酰缬草三酯、缬草烯酸的含量均最高,分别为7.222、0.355、4.016 mg·g^-1,褐化不定根中成分含量显著降低,无菌苗根中成分含量最低。本研究结果可为欧洲缬草不定根及其有效成分的规模化生产提供参考。     

PEG模拟干旱胁迫下花椰菜种质资源萌发特性及抗旱性评价

为鉴定和筛选花椰菜耐旱种质资源,以12个花椰菜种质资源为试验材料,测定不同浓度PEG[0(CK)、100、150和200 g·L^-1]模拟干旱胁迫对花椰菜的相对发芽率(RGP)、相对发芽势(RGR)、相对发芽指数(RGI)、相对活力指数(RVI)、相对苗高(RSH)和相对根长(RRL)等6个指标的影响,并采用隶属函数法进行抗旱性的综合评价。结果表明,100 g·L^-1PEG胁迫对花椰菜种子萌发的影响不大,150~200 g·L^-1PEG胁迫则显著抑制花椰菜种子萌发。100~150 g·L^-1PEG胁迫对RRL具有一定的促进作用,而150~200 g·L^-1 PEG胁迫则会明显抑制RSH,表明150~200 g·L^-1 PEG可作为花椰菜萌发期抗旱性筛选的适宜浓度。基于RGP、RGR、RGI、RVI、RSH和RRL 6个指标,通过隶属函数法综合评价发现,12个花椰菜材料的抗旱性依次表现为P3>P6>A1>P8>P7>P2>P1>P4>P5>A2>A3>P9。本研究结果为花椰菜抗旱品种选育提供了一定的理论依据。     

外源24-表油菜素内酯对NaCl胁迫下桑树幼苗的缓解效应

为探究施加外源24-表油菜素内酯(EBR)对桑树耐盐性的影响,以桑品种桂桑优12为材料进行盆栽试验,在200 mmol·L^-1 NaCl胁迫下,研究外施不同浓度(0.01、0.10、1.00 μmol·L^-1)EBR对盐胁迫下桑树幼苗质量、根系特征、光合色素含量、活性氧(ROS)水平、丙二醛(MDA)含量、相对电导率、抗氧化酶活性和渗透调节物质含量等生理指标的影响。结果表明,与单一NaCl胁迫相比,外源添加0.10 μmol·L^-1EBR后,桑树幼苗地上鲜质量和干质量、主根长、总根长、根表面积、根平均直径、根总体积、叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量均提高,叶片与根中产生羟基自由基(·OH)能力、产生超氧阴离子自由基($\text{O}_{2}^{\frac{{}}{\cdot }}$)活力、过氧化氢(H₂O₂)含量降低;叶片与根中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性升高;脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量增加;相对电导率和MDA含量降低。其中地下部鲜质量和根体积是盐胁迫下的1.56和1.57倍,叶片中CAT活性和可溶性糖含量达到盐胁迫下的1.57和1.68倍。本研究为揭示外施油菜素内酯增强桑树耐盐性的生理调控机制提供了参考依据。     

海藻糖对转C4型PEPC水稻种子萌发耐旱性的影响

为揭示海藻糖参与高表达转玉米C₄型磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶(PEPC)基因(C₄-PEPC)水稻(Oryza sativa)(简称PC)在干旱胁迫下种子萌发的生理机制,本研究以PC及其未转基因野生型受体Kitaake(简称WT)种子为材料,研究外施不同浓度海藻糖联合干旱处理下,其种子活力、萌发过程中可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量、α-淀粉酶活性,以及α-淀粉酶、PEPC、糖信号、部分海藻糖相关基因的表达。结果表明,干旱处理均显著抑制了两材料的发芽率,并且抑制了芽的生长;外施低浓度海藻糖可缓解干旱对种子萌发的抑制,与WT相比,PC对海藻糖更加敏感,当海藻糖浓度为0.5 mmol·L^-1时已表现出明显的缓解效应,且较10 mmol·L^-1海藻糖对WT的缓解效果更佳。外施0.5 mmol·L^-1海藻糖联合干旱处理可以维持水稻的种子活力、种子内渗透调节物质含量以及α-淀粉酶活性,尤其有益于PC。外施0.5 mmol·L^-1海藻糖通过上调PC内依赖钙信号的CBL1-OsSnRK3.1/3.23基因的表达,激活OsK1a-OsMYBS1/2-OsAmy3/8途径;同时诱导OsTPP1/7合成海藻糖,上调蔗糖和葡萄糖含量,进而增强糖代谢,维持种子萌发。此外,海藻糖也上调了SAPK8/9/10和C₄-PEPC的转录水平,使PC在芽期表现耐旱。本研究结果为改善直播稻田的发芽率和“C₄稻”的创制提供了新线索。     

马来甜龙竹种胚培养增殖芽芽尖再生体系建立

为建立马来甜龙竹高效稳定的再生体系,本研究以马来甜龙竹种胚培养增殖芽的芽尖为试验材料,研究不同植物激素、有机添加物以及弱光处理对其再生体系建立的影响。结果表明,马来甜龙竹芽尖愈伤组织诱导较适宜培养基为添加0.5~1.0 mg·L^-1 NAA和3 mg·L^-1 2,4-D的MS培养基,致密颗粒状愈伤组织诱导率达61.7%;较适宜的分化培养基为添加1 mg·L^-1 6-BA、1 mg·L^-1 KT和0.25 mg·L^-1 NAA的MS培养基,10 μmol·m^-2·s^-1弱光处理6 d,分化率达46.67%,再生苗伸长生长良好;较适宜的生根培养基为添加3 mg·L^-1 IBA的1/2 MS培养基,生根率为55%,根较粗,其中部分根长有侧根。试管苗移植到混合基质中,成活率为83.33%。本研究初步建立了马来甜龙竹种胚培养增殖芽芽尖再生体系,为马来甜龙竹遗传转化体系的研究和应用奠定了基础。     

高粱病程相关基因非表达子1(NPR1)基因家族鉴定及胁迫应答分析

非表达因子基因(NPR1)是植物系统获得抗性的激活子,也是植物响应病原菌侵染过程中的核心因子之一,在植物抗病性方面发挥着非常重要的作用。为明确高粱NPR1基因家族成员及SbNPR1的表达特性,本研究通过生物信息学及实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)方法,对高粱NPR1基因家族进行鉴定和表达分析。结果表明,共鉴定到5个高粱NPR1基因SbNPR1~SbNPR5,其氨基酸序列长度介于480~621 aa之间,理论分子量介于50.496 81~67.648 06 kDa之间,理论等电点介于5.64~6.11之间;系统进化分析显示,SbNPR1与甘蔗Sh253P03亲缘关系最近;基因结构分析表明,该家族各个成员之间的外显子和内含子数量差异变化较小;RT-qPCR分析表明,SbNPR1基因在高粱不同器官中的表达具有组织特异性;经激素独脚金内酯(GR24,1 μmol·L^-1)和水杨酸(SA,1 mmol·L^-1)处理后,SbNPR1的表达分别被抑制和诱导;20%的聚乙二醇(PEG6000)和250 mmol·L^-1的NaCl处理下,SbNPR1的表达呈现先升高后降低的趋势,在0.5 h表达量达到最大值,之后下调;而经甘露醇(D-mannitol,300 mmol·L^-1) 处理后,SbNPR1基因表达量在3 h后开始下降;高粱经病原相关分子模式(PAMPs)flg22(100 nmol·L^-1) 和几丁质(Chitin, 8 nmol·L^-1)处理后,SbNPR1受到flg22的诱导表达,在12 h时表达量最高,而在Chitin作用下,SbNPR1的表达受到抑制。本研究为进一步探索NPR1家族在调节高粱抗性、信号转导、植物激素以及胁迫调控等过程中的作用提供了基础。     

氯化钠胁迫对不同耐盐黄瓜品种的损伤效应及反射光谱特性的影响

研究了氯化钠胁迫对不同耐盐黄瓜品种的损伤效应及反射光谱特性的影响。结果表明,黄瓜品种新泰密刺比津优1号具有更强的耐盐性;盐处理明显增加了黄瓜叶片在可见光区的光谱反射率,并且盐敏感品种津优1号在盐胁迫下光谱反射率增加的幅度明显高于耐盐品种新泰密刺,尤其在绿光区差异更为明显。利用光谱反射指标得出的叶绿素含量、叶黄素循环库的大小与黄瓜的盐害程度及不同品种的耐盐程度有密切关系,反射光谱特性可以用来作为筛选黄瓜耐盐的生理指标。     

Effectiveness of potassium in mitigating the salt-induced oxidative stress in contrasting tomato genotypes

To check the efficacy of potassium in alleviating oxidative stress under salt stress, salt-tolerant (Indent-1) and salt-sensitive (Red Ball) tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) genotypes were exposed to three levels of sodium chloride (NaCl) (0, 75, 150 mM) and two levels of potassium (4.5 and 9 mM) in solution and foliar form. Thirty days of treatments revealed that increasing NaCl stress increased lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde, MDA) and correspondingly the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; and glutathione reductase GR) in both genotypes. However, higher potassium (K) level in solution or foliar spray during the salt-induced stress decreased MDA and antioxidant activity and increased the growth in salt-tolerant genotype than in the salt-sensitive genotype. Decrease in MDA concentration, activity of antioxidant enzymes, and increase in the growth of tomato plants by the application of potassium under salt stress suggest that potassium is an effective ameliorating agent against salt-induced oxidative damage.     

向日葵芽苗期离子对复合盐胁迫的响应

研究向日葵耐盐的离子响应机制,可为快速筛选耐盐向日葵品种提供科学依据。本试验以油用向日葵盐敏感品种‘YK18’、中度耐盐品种‘YK06’和耐盐品种‘GF01’为试验材料,研究0 mmol·L~(–1)、50 mmol·L~(–1)、100 mmol·L~(–1)、150 mmol·L~(–1)、200 mmol·L~(–1)和250 mmol·L~(–1)复合盐(NaCl和Na_2SO_4按9∶1摩尔比混合)浓度下的种子萌发和离子在萌发幼苗中积累分布情况,并利用离子流检测技术,动态监测了复合盐胁迫24 h后植株根系的K~+、Na~+、Ca~(2+)等离子的流速流向。结果表明,复合盐胁迫抑制向日葵种子萌发,导致发芽率下降,平均发芽时间延长。盐胁迫后向日葵根系K~+大量外排,流速为‘YK18’‘YK06’‘GF01’;随着盐胁迫浓度升高,根系Na~+流速由内吸转为外排,内吸时‘YK18’速度最大,‘YK06’次之,‘GF01’最小,外排时‘GF01’流速最大,其"排盐"现象明显。复合盐胁迫后,整株的Na~+积累量增加,K~+减少,K~+/Na~+随着盐浓度升高而下降;低盐浓度(150 mmol·L~(–1))下‘GF01’和‘YK06’茎秆中K~+/Na~+低于‘YK18’;高盐胁迫(≥150 mmol·L~(–1))下,‘GF01’整株Na~+积累最少,叶片K~+/Na~+最高。另外,盐胁迫下向日葵幼苗根系Ca~(2+)的吸收速率加快,‘GF01’是‘YK18’的2倍。由此可见,不同耐盐性的油用向日葵植株在盐胁迫下可通过调节Na~+、K~+和Ca~(2+)的吸收与外排来适应盐胁迫环境,耐盐性强的品种具有更强的保K~+能力,并通过区域化Na~+(低盐胁迫)和拒盐机制(高盐胁迫)来提高其对盐胁迫的耐受性,维持植株叶片中合理的K~+/Na~+值。本研究结果可为盐碱地耐盐品种筛选和栽培提供理论依据。     

外源一氧化氮对NaCl胁迫下番茄幼苗活性氧代谢的影响

研究了在100 mmol/L NaCl胁迫下,外源NO供体硝普钠（SNP）处理对耐盐性不同的2个番茄品种（沪番‘1480’和沪番‘2496’）幼苗叶片活性氧（ROS）水平和保护酶活性的影响。结果表明,外源NO提高了盐胁迫下SOD、POD、CAT和APX活性,AsA和GSH含量以及脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量,降低了MDA含量和O2- 产生速率;与耐盐品种‘1480’相比,NO处理对盐敏感品种‘2496’效果更明显。表明外源NO通过促进盐胁迫下保护酶活性、抗氧化剂和渗透调节物质的提高,降低ROS水平,缓解NaCl胁迫对番茄幼苗生长的抑制作用,增强植株的耐盐能力。     

基于代表性植株二次选择和多元统计分析的芦笋芽期苗期耐盐性鉴定及综合评价

土壤盐渍化是制约农业发展的逆境因素之一,筛选耐盐种质可为芦笋耐盐新品种选育和耐盐机理研究奠定基础.本研究以49个芦笋品种为试验材料,采用二次选择法选择代表性植株,设0 mmol·L-1 NaCl(CK)和310 mmol·L-1 NaCl(T)2个水培处理,分别测定发芽率、发芽势等4个芽期指标和株高、根长等8个苗期指标...     

钙对盐胁迫下水稻幼苗抗氧化酶活性和膜脂过氧化作用的影响

研究了外源Ca2 对盐胁迫下耐盐性不同的两个水稻品种(武育粳3号和IR36)几种抗氧化酶活性及膜脂过氧化的影响。结果表明:适量的Ca2 供应能有效提高水稻叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)以及抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)的活性,使之维持在较高的水平上,并降低了丙二醛(MDA)含量和细胞膜透性。此外,外源Ca2 还增加了抗坏血酸(AsA)的含量,增强了水稻幼苗的根系活力。这表明适量的外源Ca2 供应提高水稻耐盐性的原因之一,在于其增强了植株的活性氧清除能力以及对细胞膜的稳定作用。     

小麦品种的耐盐性变化：甜菜碱和乙烯的作用

Four wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars 711, PBW343, 3765 and WH542 were screened for studying variations in glycinebetaine (GB) content and plant dry mass under 100 mmol L-1 NaCl stress. A tolerance index was calculated using plant dry mass data to select salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive types and find association between tolerance index and GB content. Tolerance index has been used as a good criterion to select the tolerant types under high salinity stress. Further, physiological differences in salt-tolerant cultivar 711 and salt-sensitive cultivar WH542 were examined. The salt-tolerant cultivar exhibited greater GB content, which was found correlative with ethylene. The cultivar also showed higher nitrogen (N) content and nitrate reductase activity, reduced glutathione and higher redox state resulting in maximal protection of plant dry mass than the salt-sensitive type. Thus, the content of GB may be considered as important physiological criteria for selecting salt-tolerant wheat types.     

Effect of grafting on the growth and ion concentrations of cucumber seedlings under NaCl stress

Abstract

To assess whether grafting raised the salt tolerance of cucumber seedlings by limiting transport of Na⁺ to the leaf and to test whether the salt tolerance of grafted plants was affected by the shoot genotype, two cucumber cultivars (“Jinchun No. 2”, a relatively salt-sensitive cultivar, and “Zaoduojia”, a relative salt-tolerant cultivar) were grafted onto rootstock pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch. cv. “Chaojiquanwang”, a salt-tolerant cultivar). Ungrafted plants were used as controls. The effects of grafting on plant growth and ion concentrations were investigated under NaCl stress. Reductions in the shoot and root dry weights, leaf area and stem diameter of grafted plants were lower and concentrations of K⁺ and Cl^? in the leaves were higher than those of ungrafted plants under the same NaCl stress. The Na⁺ concentration and Na⁺/K⁺ ratio in scion leaves and in the stems of grafted plants were lower, whereas those in rootstock stems and roots were higher than in ungrafted plants under the same NaCl stress. Shoot and root dry weight, leaf area and stem diameter were negatively correlated with leaf Na⁺ concentrations and Na⁺/K⁺ ratio, but were positively correlated with leaf K⁺ concentrations. The Na⁺ concentrations and Na⁺/K⁺ ratio were lower, whereas the K⁺ concentrations in the leaves of grafted “Zaoduojia” plants were higher than those in grafted “Jinchun No. 2” plants under the same NaCl stress. The reductions in leaf area and stem diameter of grafted “Jinchun No. 2” plants were more severe than those of grafted “Zaoduojia” plants. These results indicate that: (1) the higher salt tolerance of grafted cucumber seedlings is associated with lower Na⁺ concentrations and Na⁺/K⁺ ratio and higher K⁺ concentrations in the leaves, (2) grafting improved the salt tolerance of cucumber seedlings by limiting the transport of Na⁺ to the leaves, (3) the salt tolerance of grafted cucumber seedlings is related to the shoot genotype.     

Physiological and growth responses of two different salt-sensitive cucumber cultivars to NaCl stress

Abstract

The effect of NaCl stress on the growth, membrane permeability, anti-oxidant enzyme activities and ion content of cucumber seedlings was investigated. Two cultivars (Jinchun No. 2, a relatively salt-sensitive cultivar, and Zaoduojia, a relatively salt-tolerant cultivar) of cucumber were used. Shoot and root dry weights, plant height, stem diameter, leaf area and leaf number of both cultivars decreased when NaCl concentrations increased. The decreases in shoot and root dry weights and leaf area were more significant in Jinchun No. 2 than in Zaoduojia. Meanwhile, the salt injury index, the membrane permeability, malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities of both cultivars increased significantly with salt stress, and the increases in the salt injury index and MDA were higher in Jinchun No. 2 than in Zaoduojia, whereas the increase in POD activity was lower in Jinchun No. 2 than in Zaoduojia. Free proline content of Zaoduojia increased markedly with increasing concentrations of NaCl, whereas the content of Jinchun No. 2 was unaffected by salt stress. In addition, the contents of Na⁺ in the leaf, stem and root of both cultivars increased significantly, whereas the contents of K⁺ decreased significantly, resulting in an increase in the Na⁺/K⁺ ratio when NaCl concentrations increased. These results suggest that Zaoduojia exhibits a better protection mechanism against oxidative damage and lipid peroxidation by maintaining higher proline content and POD activity than the salt-sensitive Jinchun No. 2 cultivar.     

硅对盐胁迫下大麦叶片的亚显微结构、叶绿素含量及光合活力的影响

Two contrasting cultivars of barley(Hordeum vulgare L.):Kepin No.7(salt sensitive),and Jian 4(salt tolerant)were grown in a hydropon ics system with 2 NaCl levels:60 mmol NaCl L^-1 and 120 mmol NaCl L^-1 ,and 3 Si levels:0 mmol Si L^-1 ,0.5 mmol Si L^-1 and 1.0 mmol Si L^-1 (as silicic acid).Compared with the plants treated with 60 mmol NaCl L^-1 alone,the leaf chlorophyll contents of plants rreated with salt and Si increased significantly ofr salt-sensitive cultivar at tillering stage,but for alt-tolerant cultivar,the addition of Si resulted in an obivous increase in the leaf chlorophyll content of plants exposed to 120 mmol NaCl L^-1 ,However,this Si-enhancement of leaf chlorophyll content was also observed in the salttolerant plants at joninting stage,but not in the salt-sensitive plants.Moreover,leaf chlorophyll content was consistently higher for the salt-tolerant cultivar than for the salt-sensitive cultivar irrespective of salt and/or Si treatment .Compared with the plants treated with sal alont ,net CO2 assimilation rate in plant leaves increased significantly for both cultivars when treated with salt and Si, Teh addition of Si to the salt teatment was found to improve the cell ultrastructure of leaves.Under salt stress condition,the double membranes of chloroplasts disappeared,but membrane integrity was markedly improved in the salt treatment supplemented with Si.Silicon was also found to ameliorate the damage to the ultrasturcture of chloroplast granae which appeared to be disintegrated and vague in salt treatments without added Si.The results support previous work which showed that Si decreases the permeability of plasma membranes of salt-stressed barley,thus mitigating salt damage.