妊娠前期黔北麻羊能量和蛋白需要的估算

为明确妊娠前期黔北麻羊能量和蛋白的营养需要量,本研究挑选36只体重相近[(27.45?±?0.29)?kg]、妊娠期邻近[(30?±?3)?d]、健康的二胎黔北麻羊母羊,完全随机分成4组,每组3个重复,每个重复3只羊.以妊娠前期母羊营养需要的60％、80％、100％和120％进行饲喂,预试期10?d,正试期30?d,在正试期的最后7?d用全收粪法收集粪尿.建立能量和蛋白摄入量与体重及日增重的回归方程,得到妊娠前期黔北麻羊母羊维持与生长的能量和蛋白需要量.结果表明:随着营养水平的增加,黔北麻羊总能摄入量、消化能摄入量、代谢能摄入量、粗蛋白摄入量、可消化蛋白摄入量和可代谢蛋白摄入量增加,黔北麻羊平均日增重也随之增加.妊娠期前期黔北麻羊母羊维持代谢能需要量为447.10?kJ·kg?1?BW0.75,增重所需代谢能为29.80?kJ·g?1;维持所需可消化蛋白量为2.75?g·kg?1?BW0.75,增重所需可消化蛋白量为0.22?g·g?1.综上,提高营养水平可增加山羊养分摄入量和增重,山羊的能量和蛋白的维持和增长需要均与美国国家科学研究委员会(United?States?National?Research?Council,?NRC)山羊营养需要相近.     

黄芪多糖对舍饲黔北麻羊断奶羔羊生长性能、生化指标及免疫功能的影响

试验研究饲料中添加黄芪多糖对舍饲黔北麻羊断奶羔羊生长性能、生化指标及免疫功能的影响.选取45只体重相近、体况良好的35日龄左右黔北麻羊断奶羔羊,平均分成3组,每组15只羊,每只羊为1个重复.对照组羔羊饲喂基础日粮,试验1组、试验2组分别在基础饲粮中添加0.05％、0.10％的黄芪多糖.结果显示,与对照组相比,补饲0.1...     

白酒糟对黔北麻羊瘤胃发酵及血浆生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究白酒糟(产自贵州美酒河流域)对黔北麻羊瘤胃发酵及血浆生化指标的影响。以6只年龄、体重基本一致的黔北麻羊为试验动物,采用3×3拉丁方试验设计,将其分成3组,每组2个重复,每个重复1只羊。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验1组和试验2组以白酒糟分别替代基础饲粮中20%、40%的精料。试验期45 d,分3期,每期15 d,包括10 d预试期和5 d正试期。正试期采集血浆和瘤胃液样品,测定瘤胃液pH、缓冲力、氨态氮和挥发性脂肪酸浓度,瘤胃液微晶纤维素酶、羧甲基纤维素酶、纤维二糖酶、木聚糖酶活性以及血浆葡萄糖、尿素氮、总蛋白、白蛋白、总胆固醇、肌酐含量。结果显示:1)3组黔北麻羊瘤胃液pH、缓冲力差异不显著(P0.05);氨态氮浓度均处于正常范围,试验1组氨态氮浓度显著高于试验2组(P0.05)。2)试验1组瘤胃液木聚糖酶活性显著高于对照组(P0.05),各组间瘤胃液微晶纤维素酶、羧甲基纤维素酶、纤维二糖酶活性差异不显著(P0.05)。3)试验1组瘤胃液乙酸浓度最高,显著高于试验2组(P0.05);瘤胃液总挥发性脂肪酸浓度也最高,显著高于对照组和试验2组(P0.05);3组瘤胃液丙酸和丁酸浓度、乙酸/丙酸差异均不显著(P0.05)。4)各组血浆生化指标无显著差异(P0.05)。由此可见,白酒糟替代40%以内精料不会对黔北麻羊瘤胃发酵与血浆生化指标产生不良影响,相比较而言,以20%水平较优。     

代乳粉对成年黔北麻羊瘤胃发酵及血浆生化指标的影响

基于笔者所在课题组前期对饲喂代乳粉可以改善黔北麻羊羔羊生产性能的研究结果,本研究进一步分析代乳粉对瘤胃发酵及血浆生化指标的影响,以期为生产实践中应用代乳粉提供基础数据。本研究采用3×3拉丁方试验设计,将健康无病,体重、年龄一致的成年黔北麻羊6只分为3组(对照组、试验1组、试验2组),每组两个重复,每个重复1只羊,单笼饲喂。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验1组、试验2组在基础饲粮基础上分别添加2.5%、5%代乳粉。试验持续45d,分3期,每期15d,包括14d预饲期和1d采样期。结果显示,1)代乳粉对瘤胃液pH、微生物蛋白产量影响均不显著(P0.05);试验1组氨态氮浓度显著低于对照组(P0.05)。2)各组间瘤胃微晶纤维素酶、纤维二糖酶及木聚糖酶活数值差异均不显著(P0.05),但试验1组、试验2组羧甲基纤维素酶活水平显著高于对照组(P0.05)。3)试验1组、试验2组的瘤胃乙酸、丙酸、丁酸及总挥发性脂肪酸显著高于对照组(P0.05),试验2组数值高于试验1组;乙酸/丙酸显著低于对照组(P0.05)。4)试验2组血浆葡萄糖显著低于试验1组(P0.05)、总蛋白显著低于对照组(P0.05),其余血浆指标差异不显著(P0.05)。由此可见,补饲代乳粉可改善黔北麻羊瘤胃发酵参数及部分血浆生化指标;综合来看,以5%水平较好。     

黔北麻羊TIMP1基因编码区的克隆、表达及生物信息学分析

为探究黔北麻羊基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂1(TIMP1)基因的表达水平和蛋白结构功能。本研究选取3岁两胎次的单、多羔健康黔北麻羊母羊各3只,采集子宫、输卵管、垂体、下丘脑、卵巢5个组织并提取组织中的总RNA反转录为第一链cDNA,克隆了黔北麻羊TIMP1基因CDS区全长序列,对TIMP1蛋白的理化性质、蛋白质结构等进行预测分析,并进行同源性分析和系统进化树构建;同时采用qRT-PCR检测TIMP1基因mRNA在不同产羔性状的黔北麻羊性腺轴组织中的表达水平。结果发现:T-克隆的黔北麻羊TIMP1基因CDS区为624 bp,编码207个氨基酸,与NCBI上山羊mRNA序列相同;蛋白预测分析结果显示:黔北麻羊TIMP1蛋白的分子式为C_(1020)H_(1581)N_(283)O_(291)S_(19),相对分子质量为23.073 64 ku,等电点为8.62,不稳定系数为64.5;遗传进化树分析得出,与其他9个物种相比较,黔北麻羊TIMP1基因与绵羊和牛的遗传距离最近;qRT-PCR结果显示,垂体、卵巢和输卵管在多羔组中的表达高于单羔组(P0.01)。本研究揭示了TIMP1基因在单、多羔黔北麻羊5个组织中的表达差异性,对TIMP1基因的T-克隆和蛋白的结构功能预测也丰富了相关研究数据,为进一步探索黔北麻羊产羔性状的分子机制提供参考。     

妊娠前期黔北麻羊能量和蛋白需要的估算

为明确妊娠前期黔北麻羊能量和蛋白的营养需要量,本研究挑选36只体重相近[(27.45±0.29) kg]、妊娠期邻近[(30±3) d]、健康的二胎黔北麻羊母羊,完全随机分成4组,每组3个重复,每个重复3只羊。以妊娠前期母羊营养需要的60%、80%、100%和120%进行饲喂,预试期10 d,正试期30 d,在正试期的最后7 d用全收粪法收集粪尿。建立能量和蛋白摄入量与体重及日增重的回归方程,得到妊娠前期黔北麻羊母羊维持与生长的能量和蛋白需要量。结果表明:随着营养水平的增加,黔北麻羊总能摄入量、消化能摄入量、代谢能摄入量、粗蛋白摄入量、可消化蛋白摄入量和可代谢蛋白摄入量增加,黔北麻羊平均日增重也随之增加。妊娠期前期黔北麻羊母羊维持代谢能需要量为447.10 kJ·kg-1 BW0.75,增重所需代谢能为29.80 kJ·g-1;维持所需可消化蛋白量为2.75 g·kg-1 BW0.75,增重所需可消化蛋白量为0.22 g·g-1。综上,提高营养水平可增加山羊养分摄入量和增重,山羊的能量和蛋白的维持和增长需要均与美国国家科学研究委员会(United States National Research Council, NRC)山羊营养需要相近。     

过瘤胃蛋氨酸对黔北麻羊生长性能、养分表观消化率、血浆生化指标及瘤胃发酵的影响

本试验旨在研究过瘤胃蛋氨酸(RPMet)对黔北麻羊生长性能、养分表观消化率、血浆生化指标及瘤胃发酵的影响。选择18只体况良好、体重[(27.08±2.92)kg]和年龄相近的黔北麻羊,随机分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复1只羊。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,Ⅰ、Ⅱ组在基础饲粮中每只羊分别添加5、10g/d的RPMet。预试期14d,正试期7d。结果表明:1)各组山羊生长性能指标差异不显著(P>0.05)。2)Ⅱ组粗蛋白质表观消化率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),各组其他养分表观消化率差异不显著(P>0.05)。3)各组血浆生化指标差异不显著(P>0.05)。4)各组瘤胃pH及挥发性脂肪酸浓度差异不显著(P>0.05)。由此可见,在现有饲养标准的基础上,饲粮中添加10g/dRPMet可提高黔北麻羊粗蛋白质表观消化率,且不影响生长性能、血浆生化指标及瘤胃发酵。     

黔北麻羊GPx3基因克隆、生物信息学分析及在不同性腺组织中的表达分析

为探究GPx3基因在产单、多羔黔北麻羊不同性腺组织中的表达规律及其蛋白质的结构与功能,本实验以黔北麻羊为研究对象,采集单、多羔黔北麻羊的下丘脑、垂体、子宫、输卵管和卵巢提取总RNA,运用qRT-PCR技术,分析GPx3基因mRNA在单、多羔黔北麻羊5个不同性腺组织中的表达水平;PCR法扩增克隆黔北麻羊GPx3基因的CD...     

饲粮非纤维性碳水化合物/中性洗涤纤维对黔北麻羊瘤胃发酵参数、血浆生化指标和养分消化率的影响

本试验旨在研究不同饲粮非纤维性碳水化合物(NFC)/中性洗涤纤维(NDF)对黔北麻羊瘤胃发酵参数、血浆生化指标和养分消化率的影响。采用3×3拉丁方试验设计,选取6只健康成年黔北麻羊为试验动物,将其分为3组,每组2个重复,每个重复1只羊。试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组饲粮NFC/NDF分别为2.14∶1.00、1.05∶1.00、0.40∶1.00(实测值)。试验分3期,每期15 d,包括10 d预试期和5 d正试期。检测指标包括:饲粮养分消化率、瘤胃发酵参数(pH、缓冲力、氨态氮和挥发性脂肪酸浓度、纤维素酶活性)、血浆生化指标(脂多糖、白蛋白、尿素氮、葡萄糖含量及过氧化氢酶、谷草转氨酶、超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性)。结果显示:1)3个试验组干物质采食量差异不显著(P0.05),试验Ⅲ组各养分消化率均显著低于试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组(P0.05)。2)试验Ⅰ组瘤胃液pH显著低于试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组(P0.05);试验Ⅲ组瘤胃液缓冲力显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P0.05),纤维二糖酶活性、乙酸浓度显著低于试验Ⅰ组(P0.05),总挥发性脂肪酸、丁酸浓度显著低于另外2组(P0.05);试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组瘤胃液乙酸/丙酸依次升高、丙酸浓度依次下降,各组间差异显著(P0.05);3组间瘤胃液羧甲基纤维素酶、木聚糖酶、微晶纤维素酶活性差异不显著(P0.05)。3)试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组血浆脂多糖含量依次显著下降(P0.05),其余血浆生化指标差异不显著(P0.05)。综合来看,过高NFC/NDF对黔北麻羊瘤胃发酵参数和血浆生化指标有不良影响,本试验条件下,饲粮NFC/NDF以1.05∶1.00为宜。     

努比亚羊与黔北麻羊杂交后代肉质特性研究

为探究努比亚羊与黔北麻羊杂交后代的肉质性状,试验以努比亚羊为父本、黔北麻羊为母本进行杂交试验,开展周岁努黔杂交一代(努黔F1代)羊和同龄黔北麻羊生长发育、屠宰性能、肉质性状及肌内化学成分的检测。结果表明:黔北麻羊仅胸宽显著大于努黔F1代羊(P0.05),其余生长指标相近;黔北麻羊净肉率和屠宰率均高于努黔F1代羊(P0.05),但努黔F1代羊骨率显著大于黔北麻羊(P0.05);黔北麻羊肉中粗脂肪和水分含量显著或极显著大于努黔F1代羊(P0.05或P0.01),粗蛋白含量极显著小于努黔F1代羊(P0.01)。说明努黔F1代羊生长速度,体况与黔北麻羊相近,但努黔F1代羊在粗蛋白含量方面相对于黔北麻羊得到了改善。     

Comparisons of Angus, Charolais, Galloway, Hereford, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, Salers, and Shorthorn breeds for weight, weight adjusted for condition score, height, and condition score of cows

Breed differences for weight (CW), height (CH), and condition score (CS) were estimated from records (n = 12,188) of 2- to 6-yr-old cows (n = 744) from Cycle IV of the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center's Germplasm Evaluation (GPE) Program. Cows were produced from mating Angus and Hereford dams to Angus, Hereford, Charolais, Shorthorn, Galloway, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, and Salers sires. Samples of Angus and Hereford sires were 1) reference sires born from 1962 through 1970 and 2) 1980s sires born in 1980 through 1987. The mixed model included cow age, season of measurement and their interactions, year of birth, pregnancy-lactation code (PL), and breedgroup as fixed effects for CW and CS. Analyses of weight adjusted for condition score included CS as a linear covariate. The model for CH excluded PL. Random effects were additive genetic and permanent environmental effects associated with the cow. Differences among breed groups were significant (P < 0.05) for all traits and were maintained through maturity with few interchanges in ranking. The order of F1 cows for weight was as follows: Charolais (506 to 635 kg for different ages), Shorthorn and Salers, reciprocal Hereford-Angus (HA) with 1980s sires, Nellore, HA with reference sires, Galloway, Piedmontese, and Longhorn (412 to 525 kg for different ages). Order for height was as follows: Nellore (136 to 140 cm), Charolais, Shorthorn, Salers, HA with 1980s sires, Piedmontese, Longhorn, Galloway and HA with reference sires (126 to 128 cm). Hereford and Angus cows with reference sires were generally lighter than those with 1980s sires. In general, breed differences for height followed those for weight except that F1 Nellore cows were tallest, which may in part be due to Bos taurus-Bos indicus heterosis for size.     

Supplementation of broodmares with copper, zinc, iron, manganese, cobalt, iodine, and selenium

In experiment 1, 6 pregnant mares received a concentrate that contained a trace mineral premix that provided 14.3 mg Cu, 40 mg Zn, 28 mg Fe, 28 mg Mn, 0.08 mg Co, 0.16 mg I, and 0.16 mg Se/kg concentrate (group A). Seven mares received the same concentrate plus 502 mg Zn and 127 mg Cu once daily (group B). No differences (P > .05) in foal growth data, or Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum were observed. In experiment 2, 6 pregnant mares received the same concentrate as group A (group C), and 8 mares received the same concentrate fortified with 4× the trace mineral premix (group D). Group C mares had higher serum Zn concentration at 1 day (P < 0.01) and 56 days (P < 0.04). Group C mares had higher milk Fe concentration at 28 days (P < .01), and group D mares had higher milk Cu concentration at 56 days (P < .01). Group C foals had higher serum Cu concentration at 14 days (P < .03). The results from this study provide no evidence to indicate that supplementing late gestating and lactating mares with higher dietary trace mineral levels than those recommended currently by NRC has any influence on foal growth and development, or on the Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of the mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum.     

Concentrations of strontium,barium, cadmium,copper, zinc,manganese, chromium,antimony, selenium,and lead in the liver and kidneys of dogs according to age,gender, and the occurrence of chronic kidney disease

This study was conducted to measure the concentrations of strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), antimony (Sb), selenium (Se), and lead (Pb) in canine liver, renal cortex, and renal medulla, and the association of these concentrations with age, gender, and occurrence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Tissues from 50 dogs were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Cu, Zn, and Mn levels were highest in the liver followed by the renal cortex and renal medulla. The highest Sr, Cd, and Se concentrations were measured in the renal cortex while lower levels were found in the renal medulla and liver. Female dogs had higher tissue concentrations of Sr (liver and renal medulla), Cd (liver), Zn (liver and renal cortex), Cr (liver, renal cortex, and renal medulla), and Pb (liver) than male animals. Except for Mn and Sb, age-dependent variations were observed for all element concentrations in the canine tissues. Hepatic Cd and Cr concentrations were higher in dogs with CKD. In conclusion, the present results provide new knowledge about the storage of specific elements in canine liver and kidneys, and can be considered important reference data for diagnostic methods and further investigations.     

电感耦合等离子-质谱法测定饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅

应用电感耦合等离子-质谱技术(ICP-MS),建立饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅等元素的测定方法。对饲料样品的前处理方法、仪器工作参数和11种元素标准曲线进行优化;并以加标回收、分析方法比对和重复测试说明方法的准确性和精密性。方法在0～1 000 ng/ml范围内线性良好,仪器检出限为0.557 7～5.072 ng/ml,具有良好的精密度,其回收率在88.1%～104.4%之间,相对标准偏差小于5.0%。同时与原子吸收和原子荧光方法进行比对,测定结果相近。所建立的方法简单、快速,可替代原子吸收和原子荧光方法测定饲料中的11种金属元素,为饲料的质量控制提供理想的元素分析方法。     

Granulocyte isolation from whole blood of goat, sheep, cattle, horse, dog, pig, and man

A simple two step procedure for the isolation of caprine, ovine, bovine, equine, canine, porcine and human peripheral blood granulocytes is described. After enrichment of granulocytes by centrifugation, contaminating erythrocytes are lysed hypotonically. Recovery, purity, and viability of the granulocyte suspensions are determined. FACScan analysis of the cell suspensions measuring cellular size by forward and sideward light scatter is compared with the corresponding analysis of whole blood leukocytes. Constituencies of the isolated cell suspensions and loss of granulocyte subpopulations through isolation procedure is discussed with regard to granulocyte function assays.     

Department of Clinical Veterinary Practices, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4

Circular excised skin wounds in the thoracic and metatarsal regions of the dog were studied. A similar sequence of events took place in the two regions although differences did occur due to the different reactions of the tissues which surrounded the wounds. None of the wound cavities became filled with exudate during the early stages of healing. In the thoracic wounds the cavities were largely filled by the swelling and inward movement of adipose tissue. Epithelium first grew on the wound surface in the sector of the wound that was situated in the direction of hair flow. The average time to complete epithelization was similar in both sets of wounds. A zone of alopecia developed around the wounds.