青海高寒生态气象野外科学试验基地简介

正一、基本概况为贯彻落实党的十九大精神,推进国家气象科技创新体系建设,按照《中国气象局野外科学试验基地管理办法》,经评审并报中国气象局批准同意,2018年青海高寒生态气象野外科学试验基地成为首批中国气象局野外科学试验基地。该基地由"三站、一室、一中心"组成,三站中,海北藏族自治州的海晏高寒草原野外科学观测研究站地处青海湖东北岸,海拔3010米。果洛藏族自治州的甘德高寒草甸野外科学观测场地处三江源区东部,海拔4050米。     

草业科学专业本科野外综合实习模式的探索与启示——以内蒙古农业大学为例

以内蒙古农业大学草业科学专业实践教学内容体系构建和多年实践教学经验积累为基础,总结了本专业依托野外实习基地,开展野外综合实习的创新与实践。从实践教学内容体系、野外综合教学实习的定位、野外实习课程的设置、实习管理与实现等方面进行了详细阐述。通过草业科学专业本科野外综合实习模式的构建,实现了理论教学与生产科研的有机结合,充分发挥实践教学系统性、先进性和综合性的特点,提升野外综合实习的效果,提升了学生实践能力和专业素养的养成。     

草业科学专业学生野外实习中生态思维的培养

通过对5届草业科学专业本科生生态意识的调查,发现学生对草地生态知识比较渴求,但是生态教育欠缺、意识薄弱、认知不足。针对以课程为体系设置教学实习内容缺乏系统协调性、生态思维能力培养不突出的原因,提出在草业科学专业草地群课程教学中贯穿生态教育、野外教学实习培养学生的生态思维、独立观察思考和解决问题的能力等措施。     

草业科学本科生野外实习模式以甘肃农业大学为例

总结了甘肃农业大学草业科学专业依托稳定的野外实习基地,开展综合性野外教学实习的创新与实践。从综合教学实习的目标定位、实习课程的关联性分析与系统设计、综合性实习项目的筛选及综合实习的过程管理等方面进行了阐述。通过草业科学综合性野外教学实习模式的构建,实现了实习课程、实习内容与教学资源的有效整合,以综合性、系统性与研究性实习项目为主体,提高了野外教学实习的效率,使学生的实践能力与综合素质得到明显提升。     

动物医学本科生实践创新能力培养模式的建立

以黑龙江省教育科学规划重点课题＂动物医学本科生实践能力和创新能力培养的策略研究＂为平台,以培养勇于创新、具有卓越实践能力的动物医学本科生为目标,以促进动物医学专业本科生教育与现代畜牧业发展紧密结合为出发点,在黑龙江八一农垦大学动物医学本科生培养过程中,分析了影响实践教学质量的因素,提出了解决办法,建立了动物医学本科生实践创新能力培养模式,从而提高本科生的实践能力,使其更好地适应现代畜牧业对兽医人才的需求。     

河北沽源草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站

河北沽源草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,是2005年科学技术部批准的首批国家36个野外站之一,位于我国北方农牧交错带中段典型区域,主管部门为教育部,依托于中国农业大学。建站宗旨以我国北方农牧交错带的生态及生产问题为出发点,研究该区域在生态环境安全条件下提高农牧整     

基于KAQ的土壤侵蚀原理实验教学体系研究

在深入分析本专业人才培养的KAQ结构与功能的基础上，对本科生土壤侵蚀原理课程的实验教学体系建设原则、建设内容和保障条件进行了初步研究。认为室内基础性实验、野外综合性实验和大型模拟实验是本课程实验教学的三个有机组成部分。从不同知识点和不同认识层面发挥其能力培养和创新意识培养的作用；实验内容更新、实验教学方法改革和连续性野外观测是保障实验教学目标实现的重要条件。     

普氏野马对野外环境的适应性研究及保护对策

本研究以安西自然保护区珍稀濒危动物普氏野马为研究对象,应用野外观测法,分析气候变化对野马行为的影响以及野马适应气候变化的行为反映。在此基础上,提出了野马适应气候变化的一些对策。为进一步开展相关研究提供参考。     

河北沽源草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站

河北沽源草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站，是2005年科学技术部批准的首批国家36个野外站之一，位于我国北方农牧交错带中段典型区域，主管部门为教育部，依托于中国农业大学。     

河北沽源草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站

河北沽源泉草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站，是2005年科学技术部批准的首批国家36个野外站之一，位于我国北方农牧交错带中段典型区域，主管部门为教育部，依托于中国农业大学。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.