斜纹夜蛾进入水稻田为害

斜纹夜蛾是棉花的主要害虫。据文献记载,斜纹夜蛾除棉花外还为害旱粮、绿肥等作物,但未见有进入水田为害水稻等作物的报道。笔者在湖北省黄梅县王埠乡于１９９８年８月中旬发现斜纹夜蛾进入水稻田为害,面积达６７ｈｍ２。斜纹夜蛾在水稻田为害对象主要是水稻、荸荠、田...     

草地贪夜蛾在云南德宏为害生姜初报

草地贪夜蛾于2019年1月入侵云南江城县,随后逐步向国内扩散传播,同时为害作物种类也陆续增多。1月份入侵德宏主要为害玉米,4月份为害甘蔗,至2019年9月11日,发现草地贪夜蛾和斜纹夜蛾幼虫混合发生为害生姜。本文介绍草地贪夜蛾幼虫的为害程度和生姜的受害症状。草地贪夜蛾为害株率及百株虫量分别为58.4%和42.2头,发生量比斜纹夜蛾高,形成田间相对优势种群。建议准确区分草地贪夜蛾和斜纹夜蛾的田间为害情况,有效提供预测预报信息。     

性诱监控技术在害虫种群数量动态监测中的应用初报

为探明斜纹夜蛾、甜菜夜蛾、小菜蛾田间种群消长规律,提高预测预报的及时性和准确性,采用性诱剂诱集的方法,于2007～2008年连续2a对斜纹夜蛾、甜菜夜蛾、小菜蛾成虫进行了系统监测,结果表明:在贺州,4～11月是斜纹夜蛾发生为害的主要时期,发生高峰期在6～7月和10～11月;4～12月是甜菜夜蛾发生为害的主要时期,发生高峰期在5～6月和12月;1～3月和11～12月是小菜蛾发生为害的主要时期,3月和12月是其发生为害高峰期.     

病毒毒饵法初探

“虫瘟一号”是我国首个登记应用在蔬菜上的昆虫病毒杀虫剂,是以斜纹夜蛾多角体病毒(Spodoptera litura Nucleopolyhedrovirus,简称SpltNPV)为主要有效成分的商品化杀虫剂,主要用于防治暴食性、多食性的斜纹夜蛾。斜纹夜蛾为害的植物有99科290种之多,在广东对蔬菜、花生、甘薯等为害极大。而且,目前对多个常用化学农药的抗性日趋严重,造成防治工作的困难和被动。     

十字花科蔬菜主要害虫的防治技术

十字花科蔬菜害虫较多,但以菜青虫、小菜蛾、斜纹夜蛾、甜菜夜蛾、黄曲条跳甲、蚜虫、猿叶虫等为害最重. 1 菜青虫 1.1 为害特点     

重庆菜地斜纹夜蛾的发生规律及防控技术

斜纹夜蛾(Spodoptera litura)是一种世界性分布的害虫,食性杂,可为害蔬菜、粮食作物、花卉、果树等几百种植物,且繁殖力强,幼虫暴食性,给农业生产造成巨大的经济损失.本文以重庆地区多年菜地害虫监测和防治效果为基础,探讨菜地斜纹夜蛾绿色防控技术,为斜纹夜蛾的有效防治提供参考.     

明溪县淮山斜纹夜蛾的发生特点及其综合防治措施

通过对明溪县淮山斜纹夜蛾发生为害期的观察及对气候条件、食物及其他与之相关因子的分析,提出了科学、有效、可行的综合防治措施.     

13种农药防治白莲田斜纹夜蛾对比试验初报

斜纹夜蛾是为害白莲、芋头、红花草等经济作物主要害虫，2000年固村镇4000多亩白莲田斜纹夜蛾为害猖獗，7月3-6日调查白莲田莲叶，百叶有伤痕纹夜蛾幼虫4700-6700条。我们选用13种农药进行防效对比试验，现报告如下。     

1995年修水县桑园斜纹夜蛾猖獗为害

１９９５年修水县桑园斜纹夜蛾猖獗为害１９９５年江西修水县１７０万ｈｍ２桑园斜纹夜蛾猖獗为害成灾，损失严重。８月上旬酷暑多湿，斜纹夜蛾大发生，每６６７ｍ２桑园有虫９．４２万～２６．９４万头，平均１８．３６万头。夏伐后己长出嫩梢嫩叶的成年桑树每株有虫３５...     

大白菜田斜纹夜蛾发生为害与药剂防治技术要点

斜纹夜蛾是如皋地区大白菜上重要害虫,为害损失大。生产中菜农用药效果多不理想,防治后,大白菜叶球被蛀食损失率20%以上,为害严重田块达50%以上。在田间出现虫害后,菜农盲目、滥用高毒农药现象较为普遍,农药施用频繁,有的甚至3～4d用药1次,给消费者的身体健康乃至生命安全构成隐患。为此,2003年以来,我们就该虫在大白菜田发生为害情况与防治技术进行了调查研究,取得了预期的结果。2005年在斜纹夜蛾重发情况下,通过有效防治,大白菜被蛀食损失率被控制在5%左右,效果显著。1大白菜田斜纹夜蛾发生为害基本情况斜纹夜蛾在如皋地区大白菜田秋季发…     

新疆奇台县近42a气候变化特征分析

根据新疆奇台县气象站的气温及降水资料,利用线性趋势函数及M ann-kendall突变检测法分析了该地区近42年的气候变化。结果表明:年平均气温与极端最低气温均呈上升趋势,而极端最高气温呈下降趋势;年降水量呈上升趋势。从季节变化来看,除夏季平均气温呈下降趋势,其它各季平均气温均呈上升趋势,其中以冬季增幅最大,秋季次之;各季降水均呈上升趋势,其中以夏季增幅最大,冬季次之。年平均气温未发生突变,而年降水量在1984年发生由少向多的突变。对气温和降水的异常分析得出,暖温年多发生在上世纪80年代后,冷温年多发生在上世纪60、70年代;多雨年主要在近20年,少雨年则多在上世纪60、70年代。此外,该县近42 a来增暖幅度小于全疆和北疆;增湿幅度大于全疆,小于北疆。     

我国苜蓿病害研究进展

综述了我国苜蓿主要病害的分布和危害、病原学、发生规律、抗性种质材料的遗传筛选和鉴定及综合防治等方面的主要研究进展,并提出了今后的研究方向和发展目标。     

昆虫组蛋白修饰的研究进展

组蛋白修饰作为表观遗传修饰的一种主要形式,对基因表达和表型调控具有重要作用。组蛋白修饰的N端尾区可通过乙酰化、甲基化、磷酸化等修饰来改变染色质的状态以及调控基因的表达。与脊椎动物相比,昆虫种类繁多,且有变态发育、表型复杂等特征,可以成为探索动物社会行为、发育调控和毒理作用等表观遗传基础的模型。本文总结了昆虫组蛋白修饰的主要类型(乙酰化和甲基化修饰)及修饰酶的研究进展,对染色质免疫共沉淀测序技术(chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing,ChIP-seq)、染色质转座酶可及性测序技术(assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing,ATAC-seq)、转录组测序技术(RNA-seq)、组蛋白修饰酶功能验证以及Western blot、免疫细胞化学(immunocytochemistry,ICC)、免疫组织化学(immunohistochemistry,IHC)、酶联免疫吸附测定(enzyme linked immunosor...     

Major Changes in Fusarium spp. in Wheat in the Netherlands

The re-emergence of fusarium head blight throughout the world and especially in Western Europe prompted a survey of the situation in the Netherlands. To allow for a high throughput screening of large numbers of samples, a diagnostic PCR method was developed to detect the most common species of Fusarium occurring on wheat. Seven primer pairs were tested for their ability to identify isolates of Fusarium avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. graminearum, F. poae, F. proliferatum and Microdochium nivale var. majus and M. nivale var. nivale. Each primer pair only generated a PCR product with the corresponding Fusarium species and all PCR fragments had different molecular sizes. This allowed the generation of these amplicons using a mixture of all seven primer pairs. The robustness of this multiplex PCR encouraged us to screen a large series of isolates collected in 2000 and 2001. In both years 40 fields were sampled leading to a collection of 209 isolates from 2000 and 145 isolates from 2001. The results of the multiplex PCR demonstrated that F. graminearum was the most abundant species in the Fusarium complex on wheat in both years. This is in sharp contrast to reports from the 1980s and early 1990s, which found F. culmorum as the predominant species. Primers derived from the tri7 and tri13 genes, which are implicated in the acetylation and oxygenation of the C-4 atom of the backbone of the trichothecene molecule, were used to discriminate between deoxynivalenol and nivalenol (NIV) producers. The populations of F. culmorum and F. graminearum both showed a slight increase in NIV-producers in 2001.     

真菌甲硫氨酸生物合成途径研究进展

 甲硫氨酸是蛋白质的重要组分,同时还可通过生成S-腺苷甲硫氨酸（SAM）调控细胞内多种生理过程。本文根据酿酒酵母、粗糙脉孢菌和构巢曲霉3种模式真菌中甲硫氨酸生物合成的最新研究进展,勾画出真菌的甲硫氨酸合成途径,综述了该途径中关键酶的生物学功能,探讨了该途径的调控机制,为病原真菌甲硫氨酸合成的研究提供理论基础,同时为新杀菌剂的研发提供新思路。     

中国植物弹状病毒研究进展

弹状病毒含有单链负义RNA基因组,寄主范围比较广泛,能侵染无脊椎动物、脊椎动物以及植物等寄主,对人类的健康、农作物产量和自然生态系统造成严重威胁。植物弹状病毒主要根据复制场所分为细胞质弹状病毒属Cytorhabdovirus和细胞核弹状病毒属Nucleorhabdovirus,其基因组由单股负链RNA组成。此外,Dichorhavirus和Varicosavirus病毒属是两个新鉴定的植物弹状病毒属,其特征是具有二分体基因组。本文着重介绍危害我国农作物的几类植物弹状病毒,对它们的病理学、病害流行、基因组信息以及传播媒介进行概述,为中国植物弹状病毒病害的研究提供理论依据。     

Variability in initial spray deposit in apple trees in space and time

Variation in pesticide residues in space and time has not been investigated systematically in spite of the large variability found at single scales (e.g. between trees or orchards). Information on variability at different scales will support the development of sampling methods and more reliable prediction of residues. Experiments were conducted to quantify the spatiotemporal variability in initial spray deposit on apple leaves and fruit using a substitute tracer (zinc EDTA chelate). Five hierarchical spatial scales were defined as (1) between orchards, (2) between plots within an orchard, (3) between trees within a plot, (4) between zones within a tree and (5) between leaves/fruit within a zone. Similarly, two temporal scales were defined as (1) between applications within a single year and (2) between years. The initial zinc concentration was approximately log-normally distributed; the variability in initial deposit concentration was greater on leaves than on fruit. The average initial zinc deposition was significantly greater in the top and outside zones than in the middle zones within individual trees. The most important scale for driving residue variability is the within-zone unit-to-unit variation, contributing to 71 and 49% of the observed variability for leaf and fruit samples respectively. Variability at other scales was related to the variation in the tree architecture. The results indicated that stratified sampling on the basis of within-tree zone structures, with the effort focused on within-zone sampling, should be used for the determination of pesticide residues.